台灣隨著高齡人口逐年增加，銀髮市場漸受矚目，高級安養住宅的興起即是一例。儘管銀髮安養住宅陸續於一九九０年代中期推出，但是個案數量不多，成功經營者更是屈指可數。本研究藉由調查台北銀髮族的看法，以分析影響高齡者評估銀髮安養住宅之要素。 藉由調查潛在顧客的意見，本研究首先分析人口變數對安養住宅評估標準的影響，接著分析高齡者遷移決策之影響要素與評估標準之間的關係。最後，本研究探索消費者的評估標準與其價值偏好之關係。 本研究提出影響消費者行為的要素，並提供行銷建議供安養住宅業者參考。研究發現65至74歲的銀髮族對所有評估要素的要求，較其他高齡者低，因此對於提供活躍的生活形態和醫療服務的安養住宅而言，這群人最具潛力成為最佳顧客來源。大部分高齡者選擇在熟悉的土地上頤養天年，大台北地區成為最受歡迎的退休居所選擇。在入住保證金方面，由於擔心財務風險與業者的職業道德，多數年長者寧可每月支付較高的管理費，以替代高額的保證金要求。服務品質為競爭優勢的來源。業者設計產品時，應著重於提供優質服務，而非一味追求硬體設施。研究發現認知差異是影響老年人移居安養住宅的主要因素之一，業者應該加強宣傳安養住宅的產品概念，扭轉市場上普遍認為只有老病纏身者才需入住安養住宅的想法。此外，業者行銷時，應該同時增加目標顧客及其子女對產品的瞭解，使其將安養住宅列為退休居所的選擇之一。 / As the proportion of the senior population has increased significantly in Taiwan, the market for seniors is drawing much attention. The recent emergence of the upscale senior housing market is a case in point. Although the independent living communities for healthy seniors have been around since the mid-90s, there have been only a few notable selections and among them even fewer success stories. This research intends to examine the purchasing decisions surrounding high-end independent living communities by surveying the older residents of Taipei. From the perspective of potential customers, this research first examines how demographic variables affect the evaluation criteria of consumers for independent living communities, and then examines the relationship between the influencing factors motivating the decision of seniors to move to independent living communities and the evaluation criteria. Finally, the relationship between the evaluation criteria of consumers and their specific value preferences is determined. The research findings identify factors influencing consumer behavior and derive marketing recommendations for senior housing providers. The seniors between the ages of sixty-five and seventy-four are less concerned than other age groups about all evaluation factors, and can be the best customers for independent living communities that provide both opportunities for an active life style and healthcare services. Most seniors prefer to remain in a familiar place, and therefore the greater Taipei area is the most popular location. Since entrance deposits involve financial risks and moral concerns, seniors would rather pay higher monthly fees. The type of services offered provides the competitive advantage. Developers should emphasize services rather than environmental conditions in designing its product. Given that perceptual differences are one of the major obstacles preventing seniors from moving to independent living communities, the concept of independent living communities should be promoted further to alter the perceptions of seniors that independent living communities are solely for the sick and frail. Marketers should attempt to increase the product awareness of both its target customers and their children to help them view senior housing communities as a viable living arrangement.

本研究在探討年輕成人與老年人之資源流失、控制策略使用對於憂鬱情緒之影響；主要希望了解資源流失對憂鬱具有直接之影響性，或者需透過控制策略間接影響憂鬱；同時，透過年輕成人與老年人之比較，了解各種資源流失的影響途徑以及各種控制策略對憂鬱的影響是否會受到個體所處發展階段的影響。 本研究採用問卷調查法，以台灣地區260名成人為對象，年輕成人組共132人(30-46歲，M=37.2歲)，老人組共128人(60-86歲，M=68.7歲)。施以「資源流失調查表」、「控制策略量表」及「貝氏憂鬱量表」，調查所得資料以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關及路徑分析等方法進行資料分析。 本研究之主要發現如下： 一、 物質資源流失不論在年輕成人或老年人，對於憂鬱均不具顯著預測力。 二、 在年輕成人組，家庭支持資源流失對憂鬱具最強的預測力，且透過直接的路徑影響憂鬱；能量資源流失則透過積極因應策略間接影響憂鬱，即能量資源流失越多者越少使用積極因應的策略，而增加了個人的憂鬱程度。 三、 在老人組，家庭支持資源流失會透過直接與間接兩種路徑影響憂鬱，即家庭支持資源流失越多者越少使用積極因應與降低要求兩種策略，進而影響個人的憂鬱程度；能量資源流失則是對憂鬱具直接的預測力。 四、 在控制策略對憂鬱的影響部分，積極因應策略不論在年輕成人與老人組均對憂鬱具顯著的預測力，使用越多積極因應策略則憂鬱程度越低；但降低要求策略僅在老人組才對憂鬱具顯著的預測力，且使用越多降低要求策略的老年人，憂鬱程度越高。 本文最後根據研究結果進行討論，並根據研究結果對年輕成人與老年人之心理衛生工作以及未來之研究方向提出建議。 / The purposes of this study were: (1) to investigate the influence of lost resources and control strategies for depression in young adult and old adult. Furthermore, to explore that the relation between lost resources and depression was direct or mediated by control strategies. (2) to find out whether the way that different kinds of lost resources and control strategies influence depression will be varied from different developmental stages or not. Subjects of 260 Adults in Taiwan (132 young adults and 128 old adults) were evaluated by the instruments, including resources evaluation scale, control strategy scale, and Beck Depression Items (BDI). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and path analysis. The main findings were as follows: 1. Losses of material resources could not predict depression in both age groups. 2. In young adults, losses of family support resources predict depression directly; but the relation between energy resources and depression was mediated by active coping strategy, which means the more energy resources lose, the less active coping strategies were used, and the more depression were reported. 3. In old adults, losses of family support resources predict depression directly and indirectly, which means the more family support resources lose, the less active coping and lowering aspiration strategies were used, and the more depression were reported. 4. As to the relation between control strategies and depression, active coping strategies could predict depression in both age groups, which means the subjects using more active coping strategies had less depression. Lowering aspiration strategies could predict depression only in old adults. In other words, the old adults using more lowering aspiration strategies had more depression. According to the findings, some suggestions for the mental health of young adults and old adults, as well as for further study were provided.

本研究旨在探討老年人寂寞及其相關因素模式。主要目的為：一、編擬老年人寂寞量表，以測量老年人寂寞。二、瞭解我國老年人的寂寞現況並比較不同背景變項之老年人在寂寞上的差異情形。三、建立人格特質（神經質與外向性）、自覺健康狀況、社會關係數量、社會供應（情緒共同感、價值肯定、社會共同感）與寂寞（情緒性寂寞與社會性寂寞）之間的結構方程模式，以瞭解變項之間的路徑關係。 為逹以上目的，本研究採用問卷調查法，以702位老年人為研究對象，施以「人格特質量表」、「社會關係量表」、「自覺健康狀況量表」，修訂之「社會供應量表」、自編之「老年人寂寞量表」等量表，並以描述性統計分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、結構方程模式進行統計分析。研究發現：1.老年人寂寞量表經因素分析，可區分為情緒性寂寞與社會性寂寞。2.我國老年人的寂寞程度為中度偏低，社會性寂寞顯著高於情緒性寂寞。3.不同年齡、性別、婚姻狀況、參與社團與居住狀況的老年人在寂寞上有顯著差異。4.去除解釋力低的自覺健康狀況，人格特質、社會關係數量、社會供應與寂寞所建構之結構方程模式的適配度獲得支持，可以有效解釋相關變項間的關聯性。 最後本研究根據研究結果進行討論，並對諮商實務及未來研究提出建議。 / The purpose of this study was to develop a 「Loneliness Scale for the Elderly」 and to explore loneliness and related factors in the elderly. Moreover, this study created the structural equation model of personality traits（neuroticis / extraversion）、quantity of social relationship、self-perceived health status、social provision（emotional togetherness / reassurance of worth / social togetherness）and loneliness（emotional loneliness / social loneliness）in the elderly, which served the purpose of illustrating the linear structural relationships among the relevant variables. The participants in this study were 702 elderly people in Taiwan. Research instruments included Personality Traits Scale、Quantity of Social Relationship Scale、Self-perceived Health Status Scale、Social Provision Scale, and Loneliness Scale for the Elderly. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and structural equation model. The findings were as follows: 1. Two factors were extracted from the Loneliness Scale for the Elderly by factor analysis, they were emotional loneliness and social loneliness. 2. The level of loneliness among elderly was moderate and social loneliness is significantly higher than emotional loneliness. 3. There were significant differences in loneliness among different age groups, gender, marital status, group participations, and living arrangements. 4. The structural equation model of personality traits、quantity of social relationship、social provision and loneliness in the elderly could explain the relationship among main variables. Based on these findings, some suggestions were made for practice and future research.