• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

權力與榮耀-馬基維利政治思想之研究

劉長城, Liu Chang-Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
對於馬基維利(Niccolò Machiavelli, 1469-1527)政治思想的理解與詮釋解,向來是西方政治思想中爭論的課題。本論文即從個別行動者的角度出發,探討當他們有機會讀了《君王論》和《史論》,對於現實中的政治生活,有什麼體悟?對於自身的政治行動,起了什麼指導作用?針對這個問題,筆者歸納出三個主要的面向,試圖對馬基維利的政治思想,做一較為全面性的敘述。   首先,做為一個政治行動者,不論是一城之主,或者是伺機而起的臣民,馬基維利是否為他設下了行為的終極目標?   筆者所欲提出的一個詮釋是,馬基維利在《君王論》中,雖然主要探討君主如何保障其統治地位,但他在一些段落文句中,對於祖國的繁榮昌盛、對於共善,透露出和《史論》一書相同的關懷。他認為理想的政治行動者最終應該為祖國、共善而奉獻。不過他也了解人類的本性是自利的,極容易為了追求財富、名望等個人私欲而忽視公共利益。那麼,要如何讓自私自利的人願意為國家共善服務呢?馬基維利並不採取改變人性的作法,而是藉著重新定義人們所追求的目標──「榮耀」──來解決這個困境。馬基維利主張政治行動的目的在追求榮耀,而惟有振興祖國、完成對公眾有益的壯舉,才能贏得永恆的榮耀。換句話說,政治行動者追求榮耀乃是基於個人欲望的滿足,但在這過程中,國家的共善亦獲得實現與促進。這個「榮耀」論述,正可以將個人私利與祖國共善連結起來。   接下來兩個面向則屬於實踐的層次。馬基維利政治思想的第二個面向,即在鋪陳行動者本身應具備哪些條件與特質,才能在權力的舞台上展露頭角、脫穎而出,進而促進共善、光大祖國,獲得榮耀。他運用德行與機運這一組古典的概念來分析政治行動者的崛起與敗亡,其論點存在傳承與具有革命性格之處。   第三個面向關注的焦點是,當政治行動者面對創建、改革政治社會等現實課題。關於城邦中政治制度的選擇,在王政與共和之間,馬基維利從效益的角度,認為共和體制最能夠達成與促進國家的共善,使祖國能夠在短時間內成長擴張,達到偉大的地位。然而在共和國中,自由生活有被野心人士腐化的危機,為了防止腐化的發生,必須在制度安排上去節制、疏導人們的野心,並且需要有德行的政治行動者將這些制度落實。要是當行動者身處的城邦已經腐化不堪,馬基維利認為此時惟有採行王政式的權力,也是就是以「一人支配」的形態,以血腥暴力等極端的手段,剷除原先的既得利益者,自由的生活才有可能重新建立。
2

盧梭論腐化、德行與政治共同體之重建 / Rousseau on Corruption, Virtue and the Reconstruction of Political Community

謝政達, Hsieh, Cheng-Da Unknown Date (has links)
盧梭的思想內涵豐富,不同學者由於關切的焦點不同,其所研究的主題也各異,例如,有些學者關懷的是盧梭思想在觀念史上的定位與影響,另外有些學者則是關心盧梭思想中的民主或極權成分,但是關於盧梭思想中公民共和主義的要素,則少有人提及。因此,本文的主要論旨即是從公民共和主義的核心觀念──腐化與德行此一角度切入,分析其政治思想。 根據此一研究主軸,本文第二章探討的是盧梭思想中的腐化意涵、腐化的歷程,以及造成腐化的各種因素,並將腐化的現象區分成政治腐化與和財產相關的社會腐化。面對這些腐化現象,盧梭是以德行作為對治之道,一方面以德行為標準批判當時政治、社會的腐化,另一方面則是以德行作為理想政治共同體重建的基礎。盧梭的這些想法似乎是深受古典共和主義思想家,以及古斯巴達與羅馬兩共和國影響。關於盧梭德行觀將在本文第三章探討。 以德行為基礎的政治共同體重建,將可在盧梭的社會契約理論,以及盧梭為其他國家草擬憲法、改革政制的著作中獲得印證。社會契約接櫫了理想政治共同體的原型,而社會契約的締結與維繫則有賴一位卓然出眾的立法家,他一方面轉化、消除造成腐化的種種因素,另一方面則創造培育德行的環境,使「德行共和國」的理想得以實現。 然而並非所有思想家對腐化的思考方向都和盧梭相同,孟德斯鳩與康士坦都提出和盧梭相異的思考,本文最後將探討這些思想家和盧梭思想的差異之處。 / The essence of Rousseau‘s thought is rich. A wide variety of focuses are thus occurred due to various scholar’s different concerns. Their research subjects are different too. For example, some scholars concern the position and influence of Rousseau’s thought on the idea of history, while others concern the components of democracy and authoritarianism of his thought. Nevertheless, the concerning of the elements of Rousseau’s thought on civic republicanism is not very prevailing. The main purpose of this thesis is from the core concept of civic republicanism, i.e., corruption and virtue, to analyze Rousseau’s political thought. Based on this research core, the second chapter of this thesis discusses the meaning of corruption, its process and the factors in causing corruption, as well as to divide the phenomena of corruption into political corruption and social corruption which is relevant to property. Rousseau dealt these corrupt phenomena with virtue. One the one hand, he applied virtue as the standard to criticize the contemporary political and social corruption. On the other hand, he applied virtue as the foundation to reconstruct ideal political community. The thought of Rousseau seems to be influenced by the classical republicanism thinkers and the two ancient Republic, i. e., Sparta and Rome Republic. Rousseau’s view toward virtue will be discussed in the third chapter of this thesis. The foundation of reconstructing political community by virtue will be found in Rousseau’s theory of social contract and to be proved in Rousseau’s drafting the manuscript of constitution reform policy for other states. Social contract reveals the stereotype of ideal political community, however, the binding and the maintaining of social contract depends on an outstanding legislator. On the one hand, he transforms and eliminates the various factors of corruption formation. On the other hand, he creates the various environment of virtue cultivation, enforcing the “Republic of virtue” to be realized. Not every thinker’s way of thinking toward corruption is the same with Rousseau. Montesquieu’s and Constant’s thinking are different from Rousseau. The last part of this thesis will discuss the differences among them.

Page generated in 0.0254 seconds