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降雨時列車運転規制への活用のための地形性降雨を考慮した短時間降雨予測手法の開発に関する研究中渕, 遥平 25 September 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24893号 / 工博第5173号 / 新制||工||1988(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 中北 英一, 教授 佐山 敬洋, 教授 田中 賢治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
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公私協力與自主規制之研究—兼論消防火災預防行政 / A Study in the Public Private Partnership and Self-Regulation郭貞君, Kuo, Chen Chun Unknown Date (has links)
在各國政府部門為減輕財政負擔、提高行政效能,紛紛引進民間資源並與私部門建立夥伴關係之全球性風潮推波助瀾下,我國近年亦力倡政府瘦身、組織精簡、引用民力、公私協力。再者,運用民力參與公共任務之公私協力,寓有私部門自主規制成分,惟法學上自主規制與公私協力通常為分離探討之論題,兩者之關連性究為何;又兩者態樣眾多且無普世同意之定義,在多元分殊之學理及實務中,是否存在共通並行之法理脈絡與類型系譜,誠屬行政法總論上饒富逸趣之課題。另行政法各論上,為預防火災以維護公共安全並確保人民生命財產,各國莫不多方運用公私協力與自主規制,建構建築物之消防安全管理制度,惟綜觀國內有關公私協力與自主規制之法學論著尤以前者可謂繁花錦簇,事涉公共安全之消防火災預防行政領域相關研究則付諸闕如猶待開拓。
本文爰透過中外文獻梳理公私協力與自主規制法學理論,並放眼國際取樣研究運用公私協力與自主規制之消防行政實務規範,以歐盟與英國為取法對象,就消防安全管理制度硬體層面及軟體層面分別探討歐盟產品(兼及建築產品[再兼及消防安全設備產品])監管機制以及英國建築物防火安全管理機制。除解析法理基礎更探究實務規範架構於我國與先進國家之異同,期許回饋提供公私協力與自主規制所涉行政法理論若干啟示並促使本國相關消防行政規範更趨周全。 / In the wake of global trend of government department introducing private resources and establishing partnerships with private sectors to reduce financial burden and improve administrative efficacy, Taiwan authorities in recent years have also been advocating government downsizing, streamlining organizations, adopting private resources, and public private partnership. Furthermore, public private partnership contains private sector’s self-regulation element, but in jurisprudential circle, self-regulation and public private partnership are usually independently researched topics, what are the exact relationships between them; otherwise, each of both has great variety of types and has not universally consented definition, therefore, it seems to be an issue full of keen interest for General Administrative Law: whether there exists common legal context and typological pedigree in the pluralistic and divergent theories and practices of public private partnership and self-regulation. Besides, as regards Specific Administrative Law, in order to prevent fires for protecting public safety and people's lives and property, countries all over the world utilize various approaches to public private partnership and self-regulation, to construct fire protection management regime for buildings; the domestic juristic studies of public private partnership and self-regulation have overall fruitful achievements, especially the former, however, apparently none of them refers to fire protection administrative category that thus eagerly needs to be cultivated.
This thesis wherefore sorted domestic and foreign juristic literature about public private partnership and self-regulation, and combed internationally relative fire protection administrative legislation. Focusing on legislation of European Union and United Kingdom, it separately explored hardware dimension and software dimension of fire protection management regimes, that is, EU’s product safety and market surveillance regime (involving that for construction product [further involving that for fixed fire fighting equipment]) and UK’s fire safety regime. In addition to analyzing the legal theories and exploring the similarities and differences of legislative framework between EU or UK and Taiwan, it expects to provide several revelations to the jurisprudence of public private partnership and self-regulation, and to actuate the relative domestic fire protection legislation more comprehensively.
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ポスト福祉国家における経済的自由の憲法理論的研究愛敬, 浩二 03 1900 (has links)
科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C) 課題番号:17530020 研究代表者:愛敬 浩二 研究期間:2005-2006年度
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公私協力與自主規制在我國勞動法之實踐研究─以保全業為例 / A Study of Public-Private Partnerships & Self-Regulation in Practice of Taiwan Labor Law-Take Security Service Industry as an Example張成發, Chang, Chen-Fa Unknown Date (has links)
公私協力與自主規制在現代國家中,作為國家整體管制架構與管制行政之一環,有輔助國家行政機關之功能,減輕國家財力與人力之負擔,其有委託私人行使公權力者,則應有法律保留原則之適用,具公共目的存在與實現之關聯性與合比例性,方符合憲性之要件。若以組織法之規定,或無法律授權基礎之職權命令,均有違法治國之法律保留原則。在勞動契約上,政府透過法規範,對私法自治關係之勞動契約,以核備、備查或核定等之事前審查;在勞工保護上,課雇主以應作為與不作為之強制義務,及勞動三權之自主運作規範,協力與政府部門共同達成行政任務目標。
綜合本文研究,公私協力與自主規制在勞動法之實踐,係以公法規制私法,及容認私經濟主體在勞動關係之自主規制,連結公私部門關係,協力達成國家行政任務目標。這種公法介入私法關係,使私法形成之行政處分,作為保護勞工權益之行政處分,在勞動法上以勞基法第八十四條之一,有關勞雇約定書送地方主管機關核備之准駁行政處分。此行政處分導致勞雇間之私法關係變化,或與主管機關間之爭訟,其爭訟救濟之審判管轄權互有不同。
本研究有關建議摘要如下:
一、對勞動關係具成效之私經濟主體,毋寧採取自主規制方式,減少國家管制成本、降低資源耗費。
二、因法條文義不明致生重大爭議,主管機關之處理仍應具法律正當性。
三、公私協力與自主規制在勞動法之實踐,大抵以公法規制私法為基礎規範,主管機關執行上,仍須依循法律授權及法律明確性原則。
四、地方主管機關之行政裁量,不宜各自為政導致差異過大;且私法形成之行政處分,更應符合行政原則。
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アメリカ環境法における救済法理 / アメリカ カンキョウ ホウ ニオケル キュウサイ ホウリ / アメリカ カンキョウホウ ニ オケル キュウサイ ホウリ村越(米谷) 壽代, 村越 壽代, 米谷 壽代, Hisayo Murakoshi (Maitani), Hisayo Murakoshi, Hisayo Maitani 17 September 2015 (has links)
本論文では、日米両国の環境法における理論状況が法体系の性質からも大いに異なることを前提とした上で、米国において1970年代以降に制定された様々な環境法をめぐる議論を取り上げ、各種救済の態様について、事後救済、事前予防の両面から検証を行った。具体的には、我が国で検討の不十分な環境市民訴訟規定適用の根拠および要件と救済の機能、各種環境規制の導入において生じる収用をめぐる議論の検討を行った。 / This research examined the remedies of U.S. environmental law after 1970s. While their legal systems are quite different, the argument in U.S. could be helpful that of Japanese. The focus point of research is on the ground of citizen suits provisions and on the case when the plaintiff made consent decree. Environmental land use regulations and taking clause matter were also examined in this context since the private property rights is a crucial factor for environmental regulations to protect environmental injury. / 博士(法学) / Doctor of Laws / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
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消費定型化契約條款之行政規制 / Consumption of standard contract terms of administrative control胡華泰 Unknown Date (has links)
我國公權力對消費定型化契約條款之行政管制,有愈趨嚴密之勢,觀諸國內目前的研究文獻,卻多為個別消費定型化契約類型的研究,針對其整體性的研究文獻卻相當稀少。本篇論文嘗試以較宏觀之角度,從定型化契約條款規制緣由之發展、德國相關契約管制理論之討論,以及契約之法律經濟分析等面向,以現行消費者保護法的規範架構為基礎,以演繹具體之消費定型化契約條款內容控制標準。嗣以此等內容控制標準檢視我國目前有關消費定型化契約條款的行政規制模式,尤其針對定型化契約應記載及不得記載事項的性質,及其相關內容加以分析討論。除此之外,由於我國目前中央主管機關所公告之各類定型化契約應記載及不得記載事項甚多,本文亦嘗試著將這些應記載及不得記載事項予以類型化,並逐一地提出比較評析。
第壹章「緒論」:各國對消費定型化契約條款多有採取立法、行政及司法等相關規制措施加以導正,我國法制(即立法及司法規則)因此亦深受影響,尤其是繼受德國法。惟我國有關消費定型化契約條款行政規制法制的發展則與德國法制完全脫勾,目前係廣泛透過行政立法之方式,發展頗具臺灣特色的管制模式。針對此種運用公權力以積極介入私人間法律關係的發展,從憲法及行政法角度而言,是否違反法治國原則?從民法的契約自由及契約正義而言,是否妥適?公私法彼此間的競合交錯是否造成過度管制的情形?期藉由初步討論能拋磚引玉。
第貳章「消費定型化契約條款管制之發展」:從定型化契約條款規制緣由之發展、德國相關契約管制理論之討論,以及契約之法律經濟分析等面向,探討消費定型化契約條款管為何要加以管制,以及管制所須注意的面向。
第參章「消費定型化契約條款行政規制之發展」:由於立法、司法規制的功能不足,國家遂被進一步地授權以行政手段介入管制。國家藉由行政規制填充、創造私法自治的外圍框架,理論上並非完全無著力空間,也因此造就我國消費定型化契約條款行政規制的發展。而根據我國目前實務,立法者為避免人民權利保障的疏漏,多有授權行政機關針對消費定型化契約條款進行管制的情形,因此傳統論者基於國家應保持中立或公權力不能妨害契約自由等觀點反對行政規制的立場,似未能切中問題重點,本文以為應就「何時適宜動用行政介入手段」、「動用何種行政手段」、「法治國」、「效用」等面向深入討論,並注意所採用的手段是否逸脫消費定型化契約條款的管制緣由。
第肆章「消費定型化契約條款行政規制之種類」:從行政指導、法規命令及行政處分等行政作用面向分述消費定型化契約條款行政規制之種類。
第伍章「違反行政規制之法律效果」:從行政罰及消費者保護官的不作為訴訟分述違反行政規制的法律效果。
第陸章「各類型行政規制之檢討」:針對前兩章消費定型化契約條款行政規制之種類及違反行政規制之法律效果進行檢討,該章是本篇論文的重心。
第柒章「法制上之建議-代結論」:延續第陸章的檢討,對我國現行消費定型化契約條款行政規制法制提出建言。 / With the ongoing changes of official role in the arbitration between the civil contracts, the debate of whether it should be stepping into or reducing is still up in the air. Although both sides have based on profound theories, the administrative authority of ROC still has tighter and tighter control on consumption of standard contract terms. In light of domestic study on such subject, more paper emphasize on individual type of study instead of the comprehensive one. Therefore this paper claims that the administrative authority should aggressively play a role to create the sound framework to provide necessary substances and service to assure the function of the market mechanism. However, its intervention of the contract content freedom should be taken by more conservative approach. Under this circumstance, this study is trying to illustrate the origin and the development of moderation on standard contract terms, also with the related discussion over contract moderation in German, and the analysis in law and economics over civil contracts. Moreover this study elaborates the concrete consumption of standard contract terms under the consumers’ protection regulation architecture. Hopefully we can reexamine the current administrative control over the consumption of standard contract terms, especially for those the standard contract terms should be posted and those should not. We can evaluate the pros and cons about that later.
Besides, due to lots of regulation over those should be or not to provisions, this study is also trying to classify all to make comparison and analysis one by one for your own view.
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