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國有非公用土地設定上權興建集合住宅交易相關法律問題之研究 / Non-public purpose establishment of superficies to build a collection of legal issues of residential transactions徐羽虹, Hsu, Yu Hung Unknown Date (has links)
由於目前國有非公用土地處分政策係以大面積國有土地不出售為主,且限於政府人力、物力的不足,加上人民對價格便宜的住宅需求與日俱增,故兩相權衡下即逐漸發展出將國有土地設定地上權交由得標之地上權人開發營運,待地上權期滿後,再將土地及建物移轉予政府之開發方式。因此,政府近年來推出許多設定地上權標案,造成設定地上權案例增加,也使得國有土地設定地上權制度成為近年來備受關注與討論的議題。
且由於國有非公用土地設定地上權適用法規之修正、停止適用或新訂,尤其是關於禁止地上權分割之規定所衍生之號稱「地上權住宅」但實際上為「使用權住宅」,及民國102年9月30日財政部台財產改字第10250007490號令修正發布並自即日生效後之「地上權住宅」法律性質及交易相關爭議。本文乃透過文獻分析法,對於國有非公用土地設定地上權制度法律觀念釐清,及梳理國有非公用土地設定地上權興建集合住宅各個當事人間之法律關係,歸結出各當事人間於國有非公用土地設定地上權興建集合住宅交易之法律問題。 / Due to the current public land for non-public purpose disposition policy department in a large area of state land does not sell, and lack of government limited human and material resources, coupled with people's growing demand for cheap housing, so the next two-phase balance that is gradually developed a national land establishment of superficies by the owner of the winning bid to develop the operation until after the expiration of superficies, and then was transferred to land and construction development mode of government. Therefore, the government in recent years launched a number of standard case establishment of superficies, causing the earth to set right cases increased, so that the public land for non-public purpose establishment of superficies has become in recent years much attention and discussion topics.
This paper is through literature analysis, public land for non-public purpose establishment of superficies system of legal concepts to clarify and sort out the public land for non-public purpose establishment of superficies to build the legal relationship between the collective housing respective parties, concluded with inter-party land set in the public land for non-public purpose establishment of superficies to build a collection of legal issues of residential transactions.
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公有土地開發政策與開發方式選擇之研究 / The research of public land develop policy and choice胡雅婷, Hu, Ya-Ting Unknown Date (has links)
台灣公有土地為數之大,對土地供給市場的影響可見一斑,以台北市信義計畫地區為例,區內公有非公用土地佔全區可開發土地面積之34.6%,其開發決策過程、開發方式,將對全區土地開發活動及地價變化具有相當程度的影響;有鑑於此,本研究將探討現行公有土地開發政策與法令規定,提出公有土地在土地開發市場中,所應扮演的角色功能。再者,在公有土地開發主體方面,利用歐美國家都市建設中大量使用的公私合營土地開發方式(Pubic-Private Partnership, PPP),公有土地開發主體由政府主導型轉為公私合營土地開發方式,不但可以節省政府財政支出,亦可藉由民間專業人才投入,達到更高的開發效率,正符合了政府獎勵民間參與投資建設的政策。
在公私合營開發公有土地的決策過程中,政府與土地開發商,兩者或因目標並不完全一致,或者是彼此間風險態度不同,其個別尋求的效用函數是不相同的,公部門在政策考量下開發公有土地將尋求公有土地開發效用最大,私部門則站在求取最大利潤報酬的觀點,考量是否參與公有土地開發作業,此時政府則需提供相當的誘因機制,以吸引私部門參與公有土地開發,在此情況下,不同公私合營土地開發方式--設定地上權開發、BOT開發及合作開發,本研究將比較各公私合營開發方式的內涵、運作流程及決策時間的差異,並重新加以定義,作為公有土地開發方式選擇的依據,並利用財務模擬分析,設計各公私合營開發機制,充分發揮公地開發的角色,以滿足都市發展的需要;最後,針對不同土地使用,選擇適合的公有土地開發方式。
本研究建議為下列四點:一、公有土地開發方式制度設計應隨政策目標的不同而有所差異;二、信義計畫區公有土地應暫停標售;三、公有土地各開發方式誘因機制隨土地用途及區位改良;四、公有土地開發方式依景氣情況作開發決策依據。
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公私合營土地開發方式之研究-以交易成本理論分析洪郁惠 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來國內各項重大公共政策、公共建設的實施,使政府財政日益困難;相對於政府財政拮据情形,民間資本不斷累積,公部門遂逐漸有引進民間資金的意願,欲藉著結合公有土地與民間資金、技術、經營管理能力進行土地開發,來達到提昇全民利益的目的,於是「公私合營」土地開發方式形成。公私部門以訂定契約的方式,將雙方擁有的資源結合。在此過程中,雙方必須密切配合,才能達到合營的目的。但不論目的為何,皆需考量成本,過去從成本觀點探討土地開發方式的研究多侷限在以財務分析方式評估,而事實上在整個開發過程中因雙方交易行為而產生的交易成本對於開發過程的影響是不容忽視的,因此本研究試圖從交易成本理論來探討目前相關法令規定與實際運作中設定地上權、BOT模式、合作興建、委託開發這幾種「公私合營」土地開發方式。
本研究之研究內容如下:
(一)目前國內公私合營土地開發方式相關法令規定、案例之整理、歸納。
(二)以交易成本理論分析、比較公私合營土地開發方式。
(三)降低四種公私合營土地開發方式交易成本的方法。
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設定地上權之不動產參與不動產投資信託之研究-以中崙大樓為例林定潔, Lin,Ding-Chieh Unknown Date (has links)
不動產證券化條例於2003年7月23日公佈實施以來,不動產投資信託受益證券(REITs)和不動產資產信託受益證券(REATs)均已發行多檔,信託財產種類含括辦公室、百貨公司、旅館、商務住宅等;不動產產權型態包含所有權與設定地上權二類。然而「設定地上權的不動產」其資產價值會隨著時間而遞減的特性,對於以封閉型態上市的REITs基金而言,將產生淨資產價值(NAV)不斷下跌的問題,為避免前項問題影響基金的市價(Market Price)表現,本研究將透過「中崙大樓」出售予「富邦二號不動產投資信託基金」的實施經驗、相關財務理論的佐證及專家學者的深度訪談,來研究提撥「投資本金攤提準備金」(Reserve Fund)機制的優缺點及替代方案。
本研究結果發現,在不動產市場穩定發展的情況下,Reserve Fund除了可對投資人產生節稅效果之外;對基金而言:可避免基金之淨資產價值(NAV)隨時間不斷遞減的問題、可供地上權到期時還本之用、得以分散投資風險並發揮良好的財務槓桿的效果。然而相對的,除非基金的年營收維持每年固定上漲,否則投資人的名目收益率可能會逐年下降,並產生資金運用的無效率狀況。
至於是否ㄧ定要提撥Reserve Fund,從本研究中發現,若從投資人偏好來看,所有淨收益每年均全部發放或設計為PO、IO二個群組,或發行有期限的Finite Life REITs都是可以替代的方案。從開發商的角度,則可以將應收租金債權設計為金融資產證券而不做REITs。
此外,本研究亦發現目前台灣REITs的投資人幾乎將REITs視為固定收益證券,致使其市價波動及成交量均極小,建議政府應放寬法令限制,致力於活絡交易市場,才能達到初衷。而受託機構應扮演更積極的角度並將其與管理機構間的責任與分工進一步釐清,以避免發生管理機構的代理問題,以期更健全市場的發展。
不動產證券化就是將金融商品的彈性注入不動產的開發,本研究為設定地上權的不動產找出參與REIT的配套機制,期許能對政府及產業有所貢獻。 / The Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs) and Real Estate Asset Trust (REATs) securities had been issued since the “Real Estate backed securities Act” published on July 23rd, 2003. The properties being entrusted, for instance, office buildings, department stores, hotels, business suite, etc.. The right of property can be divided into two parts: the ownership and the superficies on land;However, the value of the properties with superficies right will be decreased when time passes by. The close-end fund will continually decline of Fund’s net asset value (NAV), and indirectly affect its market price. To solve such problems, the purpose of this research paper is to discuss the solution of the Reserve Fund design when the Chung-Lung building, offered by “ Fubon REITs no.2” , has its financial theories implication, also tried to interviews of scholars and professionals for the suggestions.
From the result of this research paper, when the real estate market is at its steady growing stage, the Reserve Fund design can not only accurately solve to the problem of decreasing Fund’s NAV with time, but also it can bring such benefits as tax-saving and principle-paying at the expiration date. Moreover, the growing amount of Reserve Fund can positively benefit the fund itself by diversification and higher leverage capability. On the contrary, unless the revenue of the fund keeps constant growing, the investors’ nominal yield of return might decrease year by year, which will result in inefficiency in the usage of investment capital.
For the Reserve Funds design, from the view of investors’ preference points, we find that the revenue allotment or issued Finite Life REITs could be substituted. On the other hand, from the view of developers’ points, they may regard it as a CMBS rather than REITs. If the government can abstemiously open financing limits of REITs, we can refer as company、SPC or SPT types of USA or Japan to substitute for the Reserve Funds design.
The stock market of the real estate is the financial commodities will be more flexible to input the development of the real estate. The study of research paper is to form a complete set of REITs mechanism for the superficies on land of property which can be contributed for the government and industry of the real estate.
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