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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

漢賦語法風格研究 / The Study On the Grammar Style of Han Rhapsody(Fu)

丁憶如, Ding, Yi Ru Unknown Date (has links)
辭賦在兩漢四百多年間,由於作者身分逐漸轉換,傳播方式的改易,還有文人對五七言句的接受,及政治環境的崩解等因素,導致其語言形式產生明顯變化,有漸趨駢偶、篇幅縮減等傾向。為了說明其語言風格與時俱「變」的軌跡,本文以169篇現存完整的漢賦為觀察對象,具體地描述並比較兩漢賦的種種異同,也嘗試將原本以作者等單「點」研究為主的語言風格學,延伸為一斷代賦史的「線」性觀察,更全面地回應賦學和文學史的研究成果。 本文第一章交代研究動機、方法及範圍,第二章則針對漢賦排比成篇的特徵,討論其句式風格及與五七言詩的關係;第三章進一步分析排比句中的「假平行」現象,並指出其與近體詩「假平行」不同的對仗習慣。第四章從較為宏觀的「篇章架構」著手,一方面呈現西漢著重時空順序的特徵,另方面也說明東漢建安小賦以首句概括全篇的安排。在第五章,筆者敘述漢賦「鋪彩摛文」的設計,包括使用長主語、長賓語以炫耀博學,竭力排比長謂語的種種動態,乃至多採「奔行」等手法;第六章則援引俄國形式主義學者所謂的「陌生化」概念,說明漢賦穿插「零句」和倒置語序,以引起聽眾或讀者新鮮感的安排。最後,第七章結論略述各章梗概,說明本文價值、研究限制和可繼續發展的相關議題。此外,〈附錄一〉〈附錄二〉是第二章的補充資料,分別為各篇句式分析表,以及二三、四三節奏賦句列表。 / Researchers of Han Rhapsody often suggest that, as a dominant literary genre of the Han Dynasty, rhapsody had changed its linguistic style gradually owing to the differences from the changes of authors’ social identities, the growing popularity and development of five and seven syllables(五七言詩), and the decline and fall of the Han empire. However, research that describes the specific and concrete features of this genre during the four hundred years of Han Dynasty is scant. To illustrate how the varying line length, loose parallelism, and extensive themes in Han Rhapsody was built up, interacted with the five and seven syllables(the representative genre of the six dynasty(魏晉六朝)), and influenced other rhythm works for the following millennium, I described, grouped, and integrated all the distinguishing details in Han Rhapsodies with the method which Leo Spitzer had mentioned in his work, Linguistics and Literary History: Essays in Stylistics. By analyzing the syntactic mode(句式), the pseudo parallel(假平行),the discourse- oriented topics, and the strategies the authors took to extend the length of the rhapsody and to unfamiliarize the readers with the incomplete or inverted sentence, this study showed how the complicated expressions, exhaustive details, and magnificent structures had been simplified and shortened, and both the authors and readers paid more attention to the emotions expressed rather than to the exaggerated language adapted step by step. To conclude, this study may be of importance in providing researchers with a better understanding of how the changes within a genre had taken place, as well as enriching the realm of the traditional Chinese literary criticism, which usually explains the literature phenomenon by subjective impression.
12

司馬相如賦篇之音韻風格研究 / The Study On the Linguistic Style of Sima Xiangru's Rhaposodies

丁憶如, Ding, Yi-Ru Unknown Date (has links)
西漢賦篇幅閎大,詞藻名物也十分博雜;加以上古音與現代語音迥然不同,遂使讀者難以領受作品爲「朗誦」而設計的音韻之美。因此,本文舉司馬相如賦為例,採取「語言風格學(Stylistics)」的概念,歸納、統計常用的聲母、韻部和聲調,期以具體證據說明西漢賦「極聲貌以窮文」 的音韻特徵,並藉由賦篇音值的構擬,呈現其朗誦時音韻和諧、對比的表現。 西漢賦多為「言語侍從之臣」娛侍君上的作品,相較之下,抒情色彩則較淡薄。在當時最顯明的特色,實為「出乎口」而「快乎耳」。賦篇形式多排偶,可分析其音韻搭配的關係,故本文檢索唐作藩《上古音手冊》,求得各字之聲韻調類,再以李方桂、丁邦新的上古聲母和西漢韻部擬音為標注依據,分別在四章中整理且歸納其聲母、韻部及聲調,乃至「重疊形式(reduplicated form)」 的音韻特徵。 本文第一章交代研究動機、方法及範圍,並整理前人研究成果;第二章就「聲母相諧的排偶句」、「頂真的聲母複沓」兩項,整理相如賦相關的例子數及其比例,接著在第三章根據韻腳的通押關係,歸納「韻部相諧的虛字排比句」「韻部相諧的排偶句」「陽入聲韻搭配的排偶句」的例子;第四章則整理聲調複沓或對比的排偶句,突顯相如賦既相諧又對比的音韻搭配。第五章比較相如賦雙聲、疊韻、疊字三種的音韻特徵,此外亦於各章小結製表比較七篇賦的異同。最後,在結論和〈附錄一〉以具體擬音,呈現其朗誦實況,並指出本文價值、研究限制和可繼續發展的相關議題。 / West-Han Rhapsodies are difficult to read owing to their complicated expressions as well as magnificent structure. Moreover, the archaic pronunciation differs greatly from the modern one, which impedes the readers from comprehending and feeling the phonological beauty particularly designed for recitation. This article aims at explaining the phonological characteristics of Sima Xiangru’s rhapsodies, which were intentionally written in an exaggerative language. The concept of “Linguistic Stylistics” is adopted to categorize their vowel clusters, consonant clusters and tones. Furthermore, by means of a phonetic simulation, the rhapsodies’ phonological harmony and comparison in recitation is presented. West-Han Rhapsodies are works by “Chinese jesters” to amuse the emperors. There fore, they are magnificent in form and exaggerating in rhetoric, which dwarfs the lyrical texture. In fact, rhapsodies at that time were written in the way that is colloquially euphonious to the ear. Parallelism is a prominent characteristic of rhapsodies, which helps analyze the phonological harmony.
13

華語語言功能教學的學習成效研究 / Teaching language functions to learners of Mandarin as a second language

陳惠芳, Chen, Hui Fang Unknown Date (has links)
傳統的語言教學,著重於語言技能的學習成效,忽略語言功能的重要性,對於新興學科華語教學而言此一現象尤為明顯。為使華語學習者使用目標語時,其正確性與適切性能獲得均衡的提升,因此本研究以語言功能理論為基礎,進行語言功能教學實驗,並預期其語言功能學習成效將對華語/華人的態度帶來正向改變。 本研究以2011年寒假華裔青年短期語文班的11名學員為對象,進行研究與教學實驗,學員來自紐澳,均以英語為第一語,華語能力為該營隊次高級程度。教學分實驗組與對照組,兩組語言形式教學的部分由該語文班同一名教師進行教學;語言功能部分由研究者對實驗組進行教學。教學實驗內容以影響語言風格之不同正式程度的語碼形式為切入點,運用歸納法引導學生發現5種語碼形式的規律,並運用演繹法教授擇用的原則。 本研究共設計4份問卷,以調取研究所需之資料。包括受試者的基本資料、對華語/華人的態度、華語學習成效(含功能與形式)以及華語學習動機。其中針對態度與學習成效進行前後測。 經數據統計分析,本研究大部分的假設都獲得了驗證,包括:(1)語言功能的觀念可以透過課堂學習獲得;(2)語言功能教學可提升受試者對語言功能的注意;(3)語言功能的學習成效高,其語言形式的學習成效也提升;(4)受試者的華語功能學習成效、華語使用頻率、華人文化背景為正相關。至於受試者的華語功能學習成效與華語學習動機之間的關係則未獲驗證。但是透過個別訪談,實驗組學生都對此次教學活動持肯定態度。 本研究的結論是語言功能可以透過堂內系統化的方式進行教學,教學後改善了對華語/華人的語言態度,足證語言功能教學的必要性。此外本研究為語言功能教學建立了可用的教學設計,並對華裔的背景與其華語學習情況有更具體的了解:(1)華裔青年使用華語的頻率在對象、地點與話題的範疇中,以對象為主導;(2)華裔青年與華人傳統文化之間的關係是疏遠的;(3)華裔青年的華語能力與華語使用頻率、華語能力與對華人文化的理解、華人文化的理解與華人態度成正相關。 本研究在第四章中也對華裔華語教學提出各種具體建議,大致可歸納為:(1)教學設計應考量華裔在不同範疇中使用華語的頻率;(2)將節慶儀式操演納入教學,並重視清明節的介紹;(3)除了教材內的書面語/口語語碼形式的對照,也可由學生蒐集真實語境中的書面語語料進行補充教學。

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