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組織信任對考績面談制度影響之研究--以臺北市區公所人員為例 / A Study of the Influence of Organisational Trust on the System of Performance Evaluation Interviews :The Example of Personnel at Taipei City District Offices盧姚伶 Unknown Date (has links)
公務人員考績制度設計的良窳勢將影響受考人對組織信任的程度及工作士氣,考試為改善公務人員單向考核之缺失,於公務人員考績法修正草案中,增列「考績面談」新措施,提供主管與部屬溝通討論機關的績效目標與工作表現的機會,希望藉此提升考績結果的信度及效度,改善部屬工作績效,達到提升我國文官行政效能的目的,其立意雖好,然而組織革新成功與否最重要的關鍵因素,在於組織成員的信任程度,因為組織成員間若缺乏信任,所有的改革工作都將流於形式或遭遇阻礙。
是以,本研究目的在探討組織信任對考績面談制度成效的影響,其中組織信任係採McAllister的分類,將組織信任區分為認知型信任及情感型信任,而考績面談制度成效則有公平性、滿意度接受度、工作投入、組織承諾。另一項研究目的則在探討人口統計變項(性別、年齡、教育程度、官等、年資、機關規模及主管職位)對組織信任與考績面談制度成效間是否會產生調節效果。
本研究以問卷調查的方式,於106年8月5日起至8月21日止,按臺北市各區公所106年5月份薦任、委任公務人員比例,以分層抽樣的方式進行抽測,共發出300份題本式問卷,回收問卷276份,有效問卷為230份,所得資料以SPSS統計分析,研究結果如下:
1.臺北市區公所同仁對主管的認知型信任及情感型信任達中度以上的水準。
2.臺北市區公所同仁對考績面談制度持中度以上的認同程度。
3.組織信任對考績面談制度具有顯著的正向影響力。
4.人口統計變項中除教育程度外,其他人口統計變項對組織信任與考績面談制度成效會產生削弱或增強的調節效果。
最後,依據此分析結果,對組織信任與考績面談制度提出實務上的具體建議,及未來的研究建議,為爾後全面實施考績面談預作準備。 / The positive or negative aspects of the setup of a system of performance evaluation of civil servants is bound to influence the level of trust of the evaluated personnel in the system as well as their work motivation. Examinations are supposed to amend the shortcomings from one-way evaluations of civil servants. In the draft for the Civil Service Performance Evaluation Act a new measure named “Evaluation Interview” was added. This provides superiors and subordinates with the opportunity to communicate and discuss performance targets and the work performance in public authorities. There was the expectation that this measure would raise the level of trust and validity of the evaluation results , improve the work performance of subordinate personnel and reach the goal of raising the administrative efficiency of civil servants in Taiwan. While the intention of introducing this measure is positive, the key factor to determine success or failure of organisational changes lies in the level of trust from the members of the organisation. If the members of an organisation lack a certain level of trust, reform measures will merely result in formal changes or may be met with obstruction.
Therefore, the goal of this research is to study the influence of organisational trust on the efficiency of the system of evaluation interviews. McAllister classification is used for analysing organisational trust, which is differentiated by cognitive trust and emotional trust. The effect of the system of evaluation interviews is based on fairness, satisfaction, acceptance, work engagement and loyalty towards the organisation. A further goal of this research is to study whether the variables of demographic statistics (gender, age, educational level, official rank, length of service, size of public authority and position of superior) have a regulating effect on the efficiency of the relationship between organisational trust and the system of evaluation interviews.
This research carried out the study between 5 August and 21 August 2017 in the form of questionnaires. According to the proportion of promoted and appointed civil servants in the district offices of Taipei City in May 2017 a stratified sample test was carried out and 300 itemised questionnaires were sent out. The return rate was 276 questionnaires, of which 230 were valid. The obtained data was analysed with SPSS and produced the following research results:
1.the civil servants in the District Offices of Taipei City maintain a level of cognitive and emotional trust in their superiors which is above the medium level,
2.the level of acceptance of the system of evaluation interviews by the civil servants in the District Offices of Taipei City is above the medium level,
3.organisational trust has a significant positive influence on the system of performance evaluation interview,
4.Except for the variable of the level of education, all other demographic statistical variables have a weakening or intensifying regulating effect on organisational trust and the system of evaluation interviews.
Finally, practical and specific proposals to enhance organisational trust and to improve the system of evaluation interviews are made on the basis of the results of this analysis as well as suggestions for further future research in order to be prepared for full-scale implementation of the system of evaluation interviews.
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社會支持、自我效能對兒童知覺雙親衝突影響兒童生活適應歷程之調節效果研究 / The mediating effects study of social support and self-efficacy on the process of child's perception of interparental conflict on child adjustment劉宗幸, Tsung-Shing Liu Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的在探討親子依附關係在兒童知覺雙親衝突與兒童生活適應間扮演中介角色的可能性,並探討社會支持、自我效能在兒童知覺雙親衝突與親子依附關係間、親子依附關係與兒童生活適應間是否具有調節效果。
本研究以318名國小五、六年級的學生為研究對象,採用「兒童知覺雙親衝突量表」、「父親依附量表」、「母親依附量表」、「學生社會支持量表」、「自我效能問卷」,和「國小學童生活適應量表」六種量表,以瞭解受試者在各研究變項(兒童知覺雙親衝突、親子依附關係、社會支持,自我效能、兒童生活適應)上的情形。
研究結果支持親子依附關係在兒童知覺雙親衝突與兒童生活適應間具有中介效果。至於社會支持的調節效果,只有在兒童知覺雙親衝突與兒童與父親的依附關係間,社會支持的調節效果獲得支持,而自我效能調節效果的假設則未獲得支持。
根據研究結果,雙親衝突的確對親子依附關係與兒童生活適應有不良影響,因此父母應避免破壞性衝突,或將衝突轉化成具建設性的;在衝突過程中,不要忘了注意、關心兒童的感受,以維持良好的親子互動。至於社會支持與自我效能在兒童知覺雙親衝突與親子依附關係間、親子依附關係與兒童生活適應間的調節效果,則有待進一步的研究。
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究背景與目的………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究問題………………………………………………… 4
第二章 文獻探討………………………………………………… 5
第一節 婚姻衝突與兒童生活適應的關係……………………… 5
壹、 婚姻衝突的概念與含意…………………………………… 5
貳、 生活適應的含意…………………………………………… 7
參、 父母衝突對兒童生活適應的影響………………………… 9
肆、 父母衝突對兒童影響的機制………………………………11
一、 模仿…………………………………………………………11
二、 認知情境脈絡架構…………………………………………12
三、 親子間的依附關係…………………………………………15
第二節 兒童的社會支持與自我效能與其生活適應之關係……22
壹、 社會支持與兒童生活適應之關係…………………………22
一、 社會支持概念的起源與定義………………………………22
二、 社會支持的來源與分類……………………………………25
三、 社會支持的測量……………………………………………27
四、 社會支持的壓力調節假說…………………………………28
五、 社會支持的相關研究………………………………………31
貳、 自我效能與兒童生活適應之關係…………………………34
一、 自我效能理論緣起…………………………………………34
二、 自我效能的意義……………………………………………36
三、 自我效能的來源……………………………………………38
四、 自我效能的測量……………………………………………39
五、 自我效能的相關研究………………………………………40
第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………43
第一節 研究假設與架構…………………………………………43
第二節 研究對象…………………………………………………44
第三節 測量工具…………………………………………………45
第四節 資料處理…………………………………………………61
第四章 研究結果………………………………………………63
第一節 受試者之基本資料…………………………………63
第二節 研究變項各向度的描述統計結果……………………64
第三節 研究變項的相關分析…………………………………65
第四節 研究變項的迴歸分析…………………………………68
第五章 結論與討論………………………………………………76
第一節 結論……………………………………………………76
第二節 討論……………………………………………………77
第三節 研究限制與建議…………………………………………82
參考文獻…………………………………………………………86
中文部份………………………………………………………86
英文部份………………………………………………………88
附錄………………………………………………………………95
附錄一 預試量表………………………………………………95
附錄二 正試量表…………………………………………… 106
圖目錄
圖 2 -1 認知情境脈絡架構………………………………………………………13
圖 2 -2 社會支持之主要效果模式………………………………………………29
圖 2 -3 社會支持作為壓力調節器的模式………………………………………30
圖 2- 4 社會支持之調節效果模式………………………………………………30
圖 2 -5 三種互動論………………………………………………………………35
圖 5 -1 兒童社會支持在兒童知覺雙親衝突與父親依附間的調節效果………72
表目錄
表 5 -1 樣本次數分配表………………………………………………………63
表 5 -2 研究變項各向度之平均數與標準差…………………………………64
表 5 -3 各研究變項向度間的相關……………………………………………66
表 5 -4 各研究變項間的相關…………………………………………………68
表 5- 5 兒童知覺雙親衝突對親子依附關係的迴歸分析……………………69
表 5 -6 兒童知覺雙親衝突對親子依附關係的逐步迴歸分析………………69
表 5 -7 親子依附關係對兒童生活適應的迴歸分析…………………………70
表 5 -8 父親依附對兒童生活適應的逐步迴歸分析…………………………70
表 5 -9 母親依附對兒童生活適應的逐步迴歸分析…………………………71
表 5 -10 以父親依附為依變項、兒童知覺雙親衝突為自變項、兒童社會支
持為調節變項的階層迴歸分析………………………………………72
表 5 -11 以母親依附為依變項、兒童知覺雙親衝突為自變項、兒童社會支
持為調節變項的階層迴歸分析………………………………………73
表 5 -12 以兒童生活適應為依變項、父親依附為自變項、兒童社會支持為
調節變項的階層迴歸分析……………………………………………73
表 5 -13 以兒童生活適應為依變項、母親依附為自變項、兒童社會支持為
調節變項的階層迴歸分析……………………………………………73
表 5 -14 以父親依附為依變項、兒童知覺雙親衝突為自變項、兒童自我效
能為調節變項的階層迴歸分析………………………………………74
表 5 -15 以母親依附為依變項、兒童知覺雙親衝突為自變項、兒童自我效
能為調節變項的階層迴歸分析………………………………………74
表 5 -16 以兒童生活適應為依變項、父親依附為自變項、兒童自我效能為
調節變項的階層迴歸分析……………………………………………75
表 5 -17 以兒童生活適應為依變項、父親依附為自變項、兒童自我效能為
調節變項的階層迴歸分析……………………………………………75 / The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of parent-child attachment as a mediator in the relationship between child's perception of interparental conflict and child adjustment , and to investigate whether or not did social support and self-efficacy have buffering effects on the relationships between child's perception of interparental conflict and parent-child attachment, and between parent-child attachment and child adjustment
Using 318 5th- and 6th- grade students in elementary school as subjects, researcher adopted six scales- The Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, Inventory of Father Attachment , Inventory of Mother Attachment , Social Support Scale, Questionnaire of Self-efficacy , and Inventory of Elementary School Students Adjustment- to measure subjects' scores in these variables (child's perception of interparental conflict, parent-child attachment, social support, self-efficacy and child adjustment ).
Results indicated that parent-child attachment would mediate the relationship between child's perception of interparental conflict, and child adjustment. The buffering effect of social support was only showed in the relationship between child's perception of interparental conflict and father-child attachment. Self-efficacy didn't show any buffering effects.
According to the results, interparental conflict had negative impact on parent-child attachment and child adjustment . Thus, parents should avoid showing conflict in a destructive way or display the conflict in a constructive way; that is, don't forget to be sensitive to and take care of child's feeling when parents are in conflict. There are no obvious buffering effects of social support and self-efficacy on the relationships between child's perception of interparental conflict and parent-child attachment and between parent-child attachment and child adjustment . To learn more on their relationships, further researches are needed.
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