變電所為都市計畫法第四十六條所列公共設施之一，從發電廠輸出高壓電力，經由變電所轉換逐漸降低電壓，供應工廠生產與民眾生活的電力需求，惟變電所設置區位引發鄰近民眾對其身體不適之疑慮造成心理恐懼以致產生鄰避情結。變電所對於民眾而言，係屬極力排斥之公共設施，進而反對在我家後院設置（Not In My Back Yard；簡稱NIMBY）；由於變電所具有鄰避性質的公共設施，肇始民眾意識高漲並勇於爭取自身權利，認為其將使自身權益受損及影響環保顧慮，故經常成為被抗爭之對象，因此在設置過程中，面臨相當大的阻力，增加台電之外部成本。是以，本研究參酌民眾參與概念，分析民眾可接受變電所設置之態度與方式，進而研擬化解鄰避情結之措施。 經由文獻回顧及實務案例蒐集之分析，本研究歸納出變電所設置產生鄰避情結問題，區分為實質面、社會面及心理面等三面向與19項變數影響因子，透過問卷調查與次數分析後，統計其影響主要成因為：實質面包括「民眾欠缺對於台電信任」、「變電所用途資訊揭露不足」、「缺少當地政府支持」、「外觀型式僵硬無法迎合民眾」、「溝通時機不足」；社會面包括「民眾無自主決定權利」、「對居住環境產生影響」、「回饋方式瞭解不夠」；心理面包括「科技風險擔憂」、「民眾訴求管道不足」等項目。 本研究從民眾立場，架構變電所設置產生鄰避情結問題之改善措施，歸納如下：1.儘早執行民眾參與的過程且資訊應求公開透明。2.揭露變電所設置所有相關資料，讓民眾感受到台電面對問題、解決問題的誠意。3.建立回饋與維護設施安全等措施，避免讓被設置的社區民眾單獨面對變電所設施衍生外部性。4.適時修改阻礙民眾參與之相關法令，深知民眾參與是建設基礎並非絆腳石。本研究研擬各項改善措施與精進事項，提供台電及相關單位作為改善設置變電所造成鄰避情結問題參考，透過民眾參與理念，建構以民眾為主體的參與行動，期盼將「鄰避情結」轉化為「迎臂效應，Yes In My Back Yard」，藉以轉化台電因變電所設置造成與民眾間衝突局面之紓解。 關鍵詞：鄰避情結、變電所、民眾參與、迎臂效應

變電所是電力的轉換站，其功能在於降低電壓並分配電力，如變電所裝置容量不足以供應地區用電需求，則會有限電、停電的風險，但由於變電所影響周遭環境景觀與房地產價值的負面外部性，以及民眾對於公共安全與電磁場危害健康的疑慮，以致民眾多不願意變電所設置在自家附近，甚至群起抗爭反對興建變電所。而變電所用地多目標使用規劃正是為了減低傳統屋外式變電所帶來的負面外部性，改善民眾對於變電所為鄰避設施的刻板印象，以期順利推動變電所興建工程，因應日益增加的用電需求，然而民眾面對興建多目標變電所的態度與立場，仍取決於其對變電所用地多目標使用的認知。 本研究關注於民眾面對台電公司興建多目標變電所的認知與行動，以社會資本理論及社會認知理論為立論基礎，選取台電公司興建中「大安超高壓變電所多目標使用大樓」為研究案例，擇其周遭一定鄰里範圍，透過問卷調查及因素分析，萃取出民眾對於多目標變電所開發案採取行動意願的影響因素為：社會網絡、信任關係、多目標使用社會認知及反對行動等四個潛在變數，後續再利用結構方程模式驗證潛在變數之間的影響關係模式，實證結果發現社會網絡對於信任關係有正向影響，信任關係對於多目標使用社會認知亦為正向影響，而多目標使用社會認知對於反對行動則為反向的影響關係。 / The substation is the switching station of electric power, the function of which is to reduce the voltage and distribute power. If the substation capacity is insufficient for the regional power demand, there is a risk of limitation of the power supply or even power failure. However, due to the fact that a substation affects the surrounding environmental landscape and has a negative effect on real estate value, added to the fact that the public has doubts over the use of electromagnetic fields as they are harmful to public safety and health, the public are generally unwilling to agree to a substation being built near their house or even actively protest it. While the planning of multi-use for substation land is designed to reduce the negative impact of a traditional outdoor substation, improve the stereotype of the substation as a NIMBY facility to the public, and expect to smoothly promote substation construction work, to respond to the increasing demand for electric power, the attitude and standpoint of the public to the multi-use substation construction still depends on the cognition of multi-use for substation land. This study focuses on the cognition and action of the public facing the multi-use substation construction of Taipower, social capital theory and social cognitive theory as the theoretical foundation. It also uses “Da'an Extra High Voltage Multi-use Substation” of Taipower under construction as the study case, and through the adoption of a questionnaire survey within a certain neighborhood range and factor analysis, extracts the action-willing influence factors of the public to the multi-use substation development case. The four latent variables of the social network, trust relationship, social cognition of multi-use for substation land, and opposing action, and then uses the structural equation model to verify the influence relation mode of latent variables. The empirical result shows social networks have a positive influence on the trust relationship, and the trust relationship also has a positive influence on the social cognition of multi-use for substation land. However, social cognition of multi-use for substation land has a negative influence on opposing action.

驅逐黑暗、迎來光明，是變電所最重要的任務，但它往往被歸類為鄰避設施，不為使用者所接受。變電所引發的風險疑慮，無論是環境、健康等，儘管尚無法以科學實證其因果關係，卻深深烙印人心；加上不甚透明且缺乏參與機制的規劃方式，致使變電所選址過程抗爭不斷。 現代社會可說是充滿風險的社會，也就是德國學者貝克所謂的「風險社會」。風險不分階級、貧富，充斥在我們身旁，引發無聲且無形的恐懼。高科技雖然帶來生活便利，但也帶來前所未有的新風險—科技風險。既然風險是現代社會非常重要且切身的課題，如何以風險的視角來解構變電所選址過程，便成為本文的論述主軸。 現行變電所用地之規劃方式，主要是依據都市計畫(土地使用管制)及電力負載預測結果來選擇變電所設置地點；變電所用地的使用項目與內容，則取決於是否辦理多目標使用。然而，土地使用管制之僵固性及電力負載預測結果的不確定性卻造成變電所選址過程必須面臨規劃方式、民眾抗爭、風險分配等三方面困境，使得變電所選址困難重重。 規劃部門、電力公司與民眾能否「共同面對」變電所選址在規劃方式、民眾抗爭、風險分配等三方面的困境，尋求變電所土地使用管制內容再定位並融合民眾參與機制（儘管民眾參與並非萬能），使變電所選址過程掙脫規劃方式的枷鎖，將是降低變電所選址抗爭且形成風險分配共識的必要方向，也才是風險社會中變電所選址的最佳出路。 / The primary function of a substation is to expel the darkness and usher in light. However, it is usually classified as NIMBY facilities and not welcomed by public. People are constantly worried and even feared by nearby substations, although there is neither scientific evidence to prove that substations are harmful nor directly caused any disease. Moreover, substation siting procedure is less transparent and lack of participatory mechanisms during the planning stage, resulting in protests against substation during the siting process. Modern society is full of risks as described by German sociologist Dr. Ulrich Beck in “Risk society.” Risks are around us all the times, regardless of class or wealth. It creates silent and invisible fears. Modern high-tech life style provides convenience but technology also brings unprecedented new risks - technological risks. Since technological risk is an important issue and it can affect anyone in modern society, this article will discuss the risks involved by deconstructing the substation siting procedure. The existing substation siting models are based on the designation of urban plan and the results of power load forecast; the land-use projects of substation are depended on the content of multi-objective land-use. The rigidity of zoning and the uncertainty of power load forecast results plight in substation siting procedure at three situations: approach to planning, public protests and risk allocation, also makes substation siting much difficult. Although public participation is not the magic bullet, substation siting zoning restriction can be unlocked by combining public participation with land use re-position. The best approach to prevent protest against substation siting process and reach consensus in risk distribution is to have planning departments, power companies and the community seeking solution together.