Newly diagnosed cases of AIDS in Taiwan among men who have sex with men are increasing despite the island’s free access to HIV medications and treatment which slow and often prevent HIV from becoming AIDS. These increases are not matched by increases in newly diagnosed HIV cases. This suggests that MSM in Taiwan are not seeking testing and/or treatment until the disease has significantly progressed. The author theorizes that Taiwan’s MSM’s need for confidentiality and their lack of trust in health officials to maintain confidentiality is the source of this delay in taking action. A questionnaire given to 152 MSM living in Taiwan suggested that there was lack of trust, but that trust was largely centered around the system itself and the capability of higher level health officials they never come in contact with, rather than doctors, nurses and related social workers. The questionnaire suggested a positive correlation between trust and anonymous testing, as opposed to non-anonymous testing. The questionnaire also suggested older MSM are more likely to get tested regularly and younger MSM are more likely to get tested because of unsafe sex. The results of the questionnaire were supported by interviews. Eleven MSM who had undergone HIV tests were interviewed, including 3 HIV positive interviewees, 2 of whom having AIDS. The interviews affirmed a strong need for confidentiality and illustrated misconceptions, doubts, lack of knowledge and hearsay were inhibitors to trust in health officials. The need for confidentiality was especially strong in relation to family and work. The interviews also suggested that the environment they were tested and treated in raised concerns about ability to remain confidential.

面對變動劇烈的教育新世代，現行學校組織的行政運作中情形不一，常有，因人、因事、因時、因地而互異的情形；在互動行為的衝突、磨和當中，「信任」是一個新興並且值得探究的問題。由於學校人事人員與一般行政機關之人事人員所需熟知之專業法規不同，學校人事人員除了需瞭解行政人員與教師兩種不同人事法規外，尚須熟稔新、舊制人事法規之差異。又教師法的頒行，使得學校人事人員更須增進人事專業知能暨強化溝通協調與服務態度之觀念，及獲得同仁足夠的信任，以提昇學校行政效能。 本研究以臺北市國民小學教師行政主管為立場，如何評估其團隊中人事人員的組織公民行為：在「所表現的德性行為」及「專業的能力」二方面的認同，以及二者之因素對其知覺人事人員是否值得信任，呈現著何種影響關係。期望本文實證研究成果，能有效提供我國各層級機關學校之組織成員，了解人事人員「組織公民行為」的表現，與學校教師行政主管之間信任的關係。 本研究係以相同規模之學校為叢集，依據「臺北市九十一學年度國民小學主管人員名冊」中列冊之校長、主任等人，為研究樣本，以普查方式進行調查問卷數量，扣除已退休校長四人後，共計發出665個樣數，回收有效問卷428份，回收率64﹪。經由本研究發現，得知教師行政主管人員對人事人員德性行為與專業能力中之「和群」、「敬業」、「守分」、「專業」和「參與」等構面的信任感均高，平均數最低為3.84，最高平均數4.20，綜合平均數約為4.01，整體而言，信任態度之知覺是持予相當肯定。就本研究之發現，以學校組織、領導者及人事人員三項層次為主軸，提出下列幾項建議：壹、在學校組織運作方面：一、建立互信基石。二、型塑共同願景。三、決策的參與。四、暢通溝通管道；貳、在學校領導者方面：一、擔任領航員角色。二、提高部屬之信任。三、言行一致。四、適度的授能。五、改革用漸進方式。六、共享領導權；參、在人事人員方面：一、建立個人價值。二、學習新（心）方向。三、加強專業素養的提升。四、公正的服務標準。五、恪守本份。六、積極參與校務的運作。相信凡事惟有『信任感』相互連繫存續，方有成功之可能。 關鍵詞：信任、信任感、教師行政主管 / The new generation of education system is getting more complicated and challenging than it used to be. The administrative operations are inconsistent among different school’s, theses operations could be varied due to many factors, such as people, event, time, and location. Conflicts and compromises observed from the interactive behaviors among school administrators shows that “TRUST” has become an emerging and inevitable issue to investigate. As the personnel regulations and policies for school administrators are different from those for school teachers, the schools’ personnel staff schools do not only need to know the different personnel regulations and policies for school administrators and school teachers, they also need to understand the differences between the old and the latest personnel regulations and policies. Since the regulation of school teacher has been proclaimed, the schools’ personnel staff need to improve their professional knowledge of the new regulations and policies, they also need to strengthen their communication and coordination skills as well as to improve the quality of their services. By doing so, they will win their colleagues’ trust and enhance the overall performance of administrative operation. To evaluate the institutional citizen behavior of the personnel staff in the team, this research focuses on how administers of elementary schools in Taipei city assess two aspects: how they assess the personnel staff in the team about recognition of “virtue behavior in performance” and “professional ability”, and whether related personnel staff are trusted on these two factors and what are the impacts. The writer hopes the achievement of the field study helps members in the institutes and schools of all hierarchies to understand how these factors interact: the performance of “institutional citizen behavior” of personnel staff and the trust of the school teachers and administrators. The research chooses the schools of same size as clusters. According to the “Taipei City Elementary Schools Administrator List”, principals and directors are chosen as research samples. Except 4 retired principals, 665 copies of polls are issued in the survey, and 428 copies are retrieved. The return-rate is 64%. Through the writer found the teacher-administrators highly trust the personnel staff on the “virtue” and professional ability” in the aspects below: “teamwork cooperation”, “devotion”, “position-fulfillment”, “professional ability” and “participation”. The lowest average is 3.603. The highest average is 4.403. The compound average is about 4.103. Generally, the recognition of trust-attitude is affirmed. According to the research result, three suggestions are made on the school organization, leaders and staff personnel staff. I.On organization and operation in schools 1.Build up mutual trust. 2.Shape the common vision. 3.Participate the decision-making. 4.Improve the passage of communication. II.On leadership in schools 1.Take the position of navigator. 2.Raise the trust of the subordinates. 3.Accord on speech and action. 4.Empower moderately. 5.Innovate gradually. 6.Share the leadership. III.On personnel staff aspect 1.Build up individual value. 2.Learn a new direction (of mind). 3.Strengthen and cultivate abilities in the professional background. 4.Be impartial on the service standard. 5.Participate the operation in school actively.

近年來，隨著行動配備的普及，越來越多的企業開始以行動廣告做為宣傳產品或服務的新溝通管道，由於行動媒體極具個人化和隱私特性，因此，行銷人員不能無視消費者的觀感，而一味地大量傳送對和消費者無關的廣告內容，或是使用干擾的方式強迫消費者接收，甚至利用行動廣告的便利性發送詐騙簡訊，長久來看，消費者將對品牌主、電信業者產生不信任感，對於資訊安全和個人資料的法律保護，也將產生質疑和缺乏信心。 本研究以問卷調查法蒐集資料，透過統計分析和解釋，研究行動廣告關聯性和許可傳送對消費者信任、廣告接收反應的關係，並探討消費者信任傾向、適地性、行動媒體廣告態度是否對上述關係有干擾效果，最後，再了解消費者信任和廣告接收反應的關係。本研究結果發現： 一、當行動廣告與消費者關聯性越高時，消費者品牌信任、行動廣告信任越 高，閱讀、保留訊息、蒐集資訊、回復、參與活動、轉寄的可能性越高，而刪除的可能性會越低。 二、相對於非許可式行動廣告，消費者對許可式行動廣告有較高的品牌信任、行動廣告信任、資訊環境信任和法律信任，閱讀、保留訊息、蒐集訊息、回復、參與活動、轉寄的可能性會越高，刪除的可能性會越低。 三、相對於非許可式的行動廣告，許可式的行動廣告內容和消費者的關聯程度越高。 四、信任傾向對關聯性形成的「品牌信任、行動廣告信任」正向關係，與「閱讀、保留訊息、回復、參與活動」可能性之關係有干擾效果。 五、在消費者信任傾向高時，適地性對關聯性形成的「品牌信任」正向關係有干擾效果，此外，適地性也會干擾關聯性形成的「刪除、閱讀」可能性。而適地性不會干擾許可傳送方式對消費者信任的關係，但在消費者行動媒體態度佳的情況下，適地性對許可傳送形成的「閱讀」可能性有干擾效果。 六、行動媒體廣告態度對許可傳送形成的「品牌信任」正向關係、「閱讀」可能性有干擾效果。 七、消費者信任和廣告接收反應具有正向關係，亦即當消費者信任感越高，則廣告接收反應會越好。此外，消費者信任在行動廣告關聯性、許可傳送對廣告接收反應的影響間，扮演了部分的中介角色。

先進的科技來自人性，組織的管理從「心」出發。人是組織中的核心元素，而信任是人際關係中所不可或缺的因素。 本研究係以訪談的方式，透過相關理論來探討公務機關組織人際信任的實際情形。經文獻回顧，藉由善意、依賴、風險、心理狀態及倫理等五項構念，進而發展出訪談的題綱。 訪談的結果經由不同構念的分析，發現個案機關組織人際信任的情形為： 1.主管領導風格與善意構念間，無直接關連性。 2.組織內部確實存在並依賴內團體。 3.組織成員願意且能承擔信任的風險。 4.不存在社會交換理論中的利益交換。 5.重視公務倫理勝於專業能力。 6.機關有其獨特性。 在正反合的思辨中，本研究提出對組織及人員的建議，期能對後續研究者有所助益。 / Advanced technology comes from human nature, the administration of organization originates from the mindset. Human being is the key element in the organization, whilst the trust is an indispensable factor in interpersonal relationship. This study, by means of related theory, explores actual status of interpersonal trust in the organizations of the public sector through interviews. After literature review, the contents for interviews are developed by using the 5 constructs that include Benevolence, Dependence, Risk, Psychological State and Ethics. The results of interviews are analyzed by different constructs and the following status are concluded with regard to the interpersonal trust in the organization of the public sector. 1.There is no direct connection between the leadership of command leader and Benevolence Construct. 2.The sub-groups do exist and are mutually depended 3.Members of the organizations are willing and able to undertake the risk of trust 4.The interest exchange of the social exchange theory does not exist. 5.More attention is paid to the Public Ethics than to professional capability in the organization. 6.The organization has its own characteristic. Through repeated dialectic research, this study has come up with suggestions to both organizations and personnel. It is expected that these suggestions are instrumental to the subsequent researchers.

資訊電子業競爭激烈，無不希望能降低採購成本來增加利潤，加上價格變動迅速、產品生命週期短，一旦庫存擱置過久，就會造成成本上的大量損失，因此此產業的製造商，紛紛尋求資訊科技的協助，來完成採購等相關活動，而電子資料交換（EDI）就在這一波應用中扮演著不可或缺的角色。因EDI無法單獨使用，需交易伙伴的配合，故組織間的互動關係，可能對EDI的採用產生影響。 　　EDI的採用可分為三個層次：系統建置層次、內部整合層次、外部整合層次，而本研究探討在目前供應鍊管理的環境下，組織間互動關係中的權勢(power)與信任(trust)，對EDI採用的影響。本研究針對國內資訊電子業中的製造業進行實證研究，研究結果顯示，權勢、信任與EDI採用的三個層次，均呈現正向的相關。若將權勢與信任放在一起分析，權勢因素在EDI採用的三個層次所產生的影響，比信任因素更顯著，而信任因素在EDI內外部整合層次所能解釋的程度，比在EDI系統建置層次來的高。

本研究試圖研究算命網站之中的非營利算命討論區，藉著真實世界中與網路空間裡的命理活動相互參照，試圖去論述網路如何使得原本是一項經濟活動的算命，跳脫主顧客之間的邏輯，在討論區之中變成一種非營利的人際互動。且更由於討論區的非營利，以及網路本身具有去中心化的特性，加上網路化名/匿名性、可隨時進入討論的特性，使得原本具有職業封閉性的算命活動，建構出屬於命理討論的公開領域，並且在其中衍伸出對議題的多元論述。接著是知識社會學的觀點來審視我們的不同時代如何詮釋命理知識的內容，並藉著訪談、文章分析去瞭解網路對於命理觀念的更新發揮了如何的效果。最後再由網路的匿名性出發，論述討論區之中人際互動的內涵，以及在討論區中如何克服匿名的限制，而發揮與實體空間相當的實效性，以窺見算命活動在近代可能發展的新路徑。

台灣在八零年代開始推動都市更新，民國87年通過都市更新條例，除了使都市更新之推動具有法源效力外，近年更針對都市更新所遭遇課題，逐漸放寬法令限制及容積獎勵，以期加速都市環境改造。實際上都市更新是一種土地產權整合（land assembling）與開發利益分配的過程，也是一種集體行動（collective action）才能完成的行為。都市更新推動績效不彰原因來自於地主、權利關係人與實施者等更新行動者對於更新認知差異與權利變換共識無法達成，造成彼此不信任和不合作行為，地主對都市更新之認知不足，對實施者合作關係的信賴感偏低等種種情形使得都市更新窒礙難行。 本研究關注於都市更新集體行動困境如何破除，使整合工作順利推動。據此，本研究以集體行動理論及信任理論為研究立論基礎，選取台北市木柵地區「國立政治大學北側更新示範地區」作為案例地區，本研究以問卷調查法，對當地居民作為抽樣調查之對象，並以因素分析與結構方程模式作為資料分析方法，以更新認知、社會網絡、值得信賴感、信任程度與參與更新意願為五大潛在變項進行結構模式驗證，驗證結果發現信任程度對於參與更新意願具有正向直接影響，更新認知、社會網絡與值得信賴感三者對於信任程度亦有正向直接影響關係，其中又以值得信賴感為影響居民信任程度之最重要因素，並具有更新認知與信任程度間中介效果。 / Taiwan in the 80's began promoting urban renewal, urban renewal, the Republic of China 87 years to develop regulations, in addition to urban renewal to promote the effectiveness of the source with the law, in recent years more for the issues encountered by urban renewal, relaxation of legal restrictions and volume incentives to speed up the urban environment transformation. Urban renewal is a kind of land ownership and development of land assembling process of distribution of interests, but also a collective action. Promote the efficiency was not evident because of urban renewal from the landlord, the right relationship between actors, the perpetrators of cognitive differences for urban renewal, transformation was possible and right, resulting in mutual distrust and non-cooperation, the landlord of the lack of knowledge of urban renewal, the implementation of cooperation between those who trust in the low and many others made the case difficult to implement urban renewal. This study focused on the plight of urban renewal to get rid of collective action to promote a smooth integration. Therefore, this study of collective action theory and the theory of argument based on trust, select the area in north of National Chengchi University in Taipei city as a case region, This study was a survey, sample survey of local residents as the object, and to factor analysis and structural equation model as a data analysis methods to urban renewal in the cognitive, social networks, trustworthiness and willingness to five latent variable structural model validation. Validation results showed that trust in the willingness to participate in the renewal has a positive direct impact, urban renewal in the cognitive, social networks and trustworthiness in the three to have positive direct effect on trust relations, among which trustworthiness in trust for the residents of the most important factor, and have urban renewal in the cognitive and trust between the mediator.

價值不信任 / The paper reviews some of the main perspectives on social capital literature and its relationship with political processes of a democratic government. It has been shown that social capital enables a group to achieve common goals. The present study focuses on the trust dimension of social capital. Salient expressions of trust within a community and towards a government are both generally regarded favorably. Recent studies are alarmed by the present lowered levels of trust of the population towards the government. Scholars and policy makers are trying to find a solution to the problem. The author of this paper argues that lowered expression of trust in the government is not alarming and actually not critical to the well functioning of the government. The author shows that trust networks within a community and trust towards a government do not work in the same way. The author demonstrates how distrust in the government can have a positive impact on both the community and the government itself. It will also be shown that distrust does not limit cooperation and that distrust can push for new institutions to be formed. Distrustful individuals will demand higher transparency and honesty levels from the agents they believe to be untrustworthy until they have proven themselves otherwise. This is particularly important in people – government relationships. The study uses a historical analysis of two Canadian cases to demonstrate the value of distrust. The Oka crisis of 1990 and the development of the Chantier de l’économie sociale will be detailed and analyzed.

本研究欲探討信任對於對社會動態發展影響及信任機制建立受那些因子影響。採用雙向信任賽局並納入個人差異進行研究分析，總共招募十組受測者，研究發現信任不一定能夠被建立，且每個組別動態發展存在差異，差異的原因受到初始情況、期中互動歷程影響，且兩部分皆受個人因素影響，初始情況是影響後續是否能建立良好合作與互惠關係之重要原因，愈是勤勞、溫順柔和、好動及豪爽的受測者其第一期願意於信任賽局投資之金額愈多；期中互動歷程，研究發現上一期投資金額、投資比率，及投資回報率對受測者而言是最重要的解釋變數，互動歷程相關變數則因人而異。 / In this study, we attempted to find out how trust affected social dynamic development and which factors will influence on the process of building trust mechanism. We recruited 10 groups of subjects and used two-way trust game to analyze it when individual differences were considered. This study showed that trust can’t be built under certain conditions and groups are heterogeneous in their initial conditions and interaction dynamics. This two parts are also influenced by individual differences. Initial condition is the key factor whether if the trust can be built. The more diligent, docile, lively, and forthright subject will offer more in first period. While in interaction dynamics within period, we found that invest, reward and invest ratio are the most important decisive factors to subjects. But variables about interaction dynamics within period depend on individual differences.

Aim: The aim of this study is to understand how trust influence quality Guanxi in the Chinese business context.   Method: An inductive qualitative research method is adopted in this study; a single case study, interview questions and semi-structured interviews are applied to collect primary data.   Result & Conclusions: Quality Guanxi needs to build deep trust by combining cognition- and affect-based trust together in Chinese business context.  Meanwhile, Renqing gradually builds Ganqing (affection) through reciprocal behavior and empathy, and eventually leads to affect-based trust in Guanxi networks. Furthermore, cognition-based trust could be understood as initial trust in Guanxi networks.   Suggestions for future research: Due to the limited number of interviews, the result and conclusion of this study is based on only one company (Vigor) and one country (China) perspective. Therefore generalization cannot be achieved. For further studies on this field, it is necessary to increase the scope and number of interviews, such as different industries, different positions, etc.   Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes to the further understanding of Guanxi as a unique way of developing business relationships in China from the perspective of trust.  It shows how the quality Guanxi can be developed by deep trust relying on cognition- and affect-based trust. / 目标：本文主要解析了在中国的商业环境中信任是如何影响优质关系的。   方法：本文采用归纳定性研究方法； 应用单一案例研究、访谈问题和半结构化访谈来收集主要数据。   结果/ 结论：在中国的商业活动中，只有通过结合基于认知的信任和基于情感的信任，从而建立深度信任，才能最终建立优质关系。同时，人情通过互惠行为和同理心逐步建立感情，最终建立关系网络中基于情感的信任。而基于认知的信任又可以理解为关系网络中的初始信任。   对未来研究的建议：由于访谈数量有限，本文的结果和结论仅基于一个公司(上威集团)和一个国家(中国)的视角，因此不能泛化。为了进一步研究这一领域，有必要增加其访谈的范围和数量，如不同行业、不同职位等。   本文的贡献：本文有助于从信任的角度进一步认识关系，这种作为发展中国商业关系的一种独特方式。并说明了如何依靠基于认知的信任和基于情感的信任，从而建立深度信任来发展优质关系。 / Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es entender como la confianza influencia la calidad del Guanxi en el contexto de negocios Chino.   Método: Para este estudio un método inductivo y cualitativo ha sido adoptado. Preguntas de entrevista y entrevistas semi-estructuradas han sido aplicadas en la recolección de la información primaria.   Resultado y Conclusiones: Para lograr calidad en la red Guanxi se necesita construir confianza “profunda” mediante la combinación de confianza cognitiva y afectiva en el contexto de negocios chino. Renqing puede construir gradualmente Ganqing a través del comportamiento reciproco y la empatía, lo cual con lleva eventualmente a la generación de confianza afectiva en la red de contactos Guanxi. Además, la confianza cognitiva puede ser considerada como la confianza inicial en las redes de contactos Guanxi.   Sugerencias para investigaciones futuras: Debido al número limitado de entrevistas, los resultados de este estudio solamente están basados en una compañía (Vigor) y un país (China). Por lo tanto, la generalización de los resultados a otros países no es aconsejable. Para futuras investigaciones en este campo, es necesario aumentar el número de entrevistas de empleados de diferentes empresas pertenecientes a diversas industrias y países.   Contribución de la tesis: Este estudio contribuye al mayor entendimiento del concepto chino “Guanxi” como una forma única de construir relaciones de negocios en China, mediante el desarrollo de la confianza “profunda”. Para ello, se muestra como la calidad del Guanxi puede ser desarrollado mediante la confianza profunda la cual se basa en la confianza cognitiva y afectiva.