11 |
影響我國企業財務報表穩健性因素之探討 ─ 從財務會計準則公報角度切入 / Factors affecting accounting conservatism in Taiwan Stock Exchange listed companies ─ a standards perspective鄭儒聰 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著FASB與IASB於2010年將穩健原則從觀念性架構中剔除,以確保財務資訊之中立性,穩健原則之存廢與否開始受到各界廣泛地討論。本文之目的主要係探討導致我國上市上櫃公司財務報表趨於穩健之原因,以檢視穩健原則對於企業財務報表之影響。
過去文獻指出企業之代理問題以及公司治理環境與財務報表穩健性之間可能存在兩種關聯性─替代觀點及補充觀點,而我國之情況係屬於前者;惟本文認為準則規範才是導致我國企業財報具備穩健性之主要原因,且該論點亦獲得本文實證結果支持。
此外,本文亦發現第35號公報適用後,受到該公報影響程度最大之資本密集產業,其財務報表穩健性反而呈現下降的趨勢,顯示管理階層可能為了因應該公報對其盈餘之衝擊而進行盈餘操縱,使其財務報導品質因而降低;有鑑於此,本文對於穩健原則是否真能有效提升財務報導品質,仍持保留的態度。
|
12 |
我國上市櫃公司財稅差異及財稅稅額差異之決定因素-以臺北國稅局為例 / Determinants of Book-Tax Income and Tax Differences in Listed Companies-National Taxation Bureau of Taipei張純純 Unknown Date (has links)
財務會計所得是依循一般公認會計原則計算而來,目的係提供投資者或債權人公允表達的財務資料;稅務課稅所得除依循一般公認會計原則處理相關會計事務外,為符合課稅要求,還須依據所得稅法及相關法令規定作帳外調整,以計算課稅所得額,故產生財稅所得不一致之情形。過去文獻實證,財務會計所得通常高於稅務課稅所得,係因政府於施政上的考量,給予公司享有多種租稅減免優惠;或准予某些財務會計所得免予計入、不計入或停止課徵其所得,造成公司租稅負擔降低。故本研究進一步分析我國上市櫃公司財稅差異及財稅稅額差異之決定因素,以臺北國稅局2009至2012年上市櫃公司為對象,運用稅捐稽徵機關核定資料與公司之財務報表相關資料,並以各種租稅減免優惠項目、免予計入、不計入或停止課徵之所得項目,作為衡量指標。本研究透過迴歸模型實證結果顯示,上市櫃公司因享受租稅減免優惠,或財務會計所得帳上列有所得稅法規定之免予計入、不計入或停止課徵之所得項目,均會降低公司實際應負擔之稅捐,對我國稅收造成鉅大的衝擊。
|
13 |
財務會計準則第四十號公報對壽險公司之影響 / The Impact of the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No.40 on Insurance Companies張逸君 Unknown Date (has links)
我國基於與國際接軌之政策,會計制度預計於2013年全面採用國際財務報導準則(IFRS),其中以IFRS 4影響保險業最深,40號公報即轉譯IFRS 4而成,可以預期台灣保險業的會計及財務報導將有很重大的轉變。
由目前國外相關實施IFRS 4對會計與財務報表的潛在影響的各種文章、學者討論中可知,壽險公司的將面臨險峻的挑戰。這些挑戰包含會計盈餘波動增加、資金成本之上升、與報表使用者溝通策略的改變、財務報導成本增加、商品設計的改變等等。
為了評估實施40號公報造成的影響,本研究透過分析不同保險商品之負債適足性測試,並利用相關圖表說明本公報第二階段之實施損益及相關資產負債科目造成之影響以及利率敏感度分析。
研究發現實施40號公報可能使保險公司面臨增提鉅額負債的壓力,並建議保險公司應調整商品組合,更注重資產負債管理,以緩和對損益及相關準備金科目的影響。此外,由於我國目前係共同採用監理會計與一般公認會計原則的相關規定,建議壽險公司與監理機構應研擬相關配套之修正方法,以避免因以公平價值作為衡量基礎時,遭遇監理法令規定衍生之相關問題。 / Adapting to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) will be required in Taiwan in the near future. Among the standards, IFRS 4 has the most important impact on the insurance industry. SFAS 40 was translated from IFRS 4, so the insurance industry in Taiwan is going to undergo a substantial change in accounting and financial reporting requirements.
According to the assessment of the potential impact of the new IFRS accounting and reporting system to date which largely been found in foreign trade literature, insurance industry business leaders’ comments and conflicting conclusions of expert commentators, the insurance industry faces serious challenges because of IFRS 4. The challenges include increase of accounting volatility, higher cost of capital, shift in communication policy, increase in the cost of reporting, substantial change of product design and so on.
n order to evaluate the impact of SFAS 40, this paper offers several numerical examples to show the results of the liabilities adequacy test. Further, this paper analyze the difference from the figures and offers some scenario simulations to discuss the impact of interest rate changing.
The result of this paper shows, if we adapt SFAS 40 phase II , the liability of the insurance company will increase largely. The paper suggest that the Taiwanese insurance industry should change life insurance product design, emphasize the importance of asset and liability management, moreover, our government and the insurance industry need to find some modified methods to solve some critical problems arisen from solvency regulations.
|
14 |
衍生性金融商品對台灣銀行業經營效率之影響分析方麗菁 Unknown Date (has links)
本文採用三階段之DEA經濟效率分析民國93年至民國96年46家臺灣本國銀行的表現,其中第二階段依Fried et al. (1999)所示,利用Tobit迴歸將可能的外部環境因素排除,本文特色為在此階段考慮臺灣於民國95年甫正式上路之財務會計準則第34號公報及其對金融資產,特別是衍生性金融所造成的影響。本文發現:經二階段調整後效率值確有顯著的差異,故壞帳、公民營、衍生性商品使用程度、分行數等非內部經營管理所能掌握因素排除後,效率值確實改變;且衍生性商品使用程度,以各銀行衍生性金融商品名目本金除以總資產以為衡量之,將此一外在環境制度因素加入第二階段TOBIT分析,結果顯示其確實顯著的影響資本資金及投入等三項差額變數,且均為遞增關係。 / In this research we try to analyze the efficiency of Taiwan’s banking industry with multi-stage DEA approach. Following Fried et al. (1999), we exclude the environmental factors by running Tobit regressions for every input variables at the second stage. Among all existing researches focus on banking efficiency, this is the only one which take into account the effect of Accounting Standards No. 34. The new rule set up different concepts about how to disclose financial assets and derivatives properly, which may also change consumers’ behaviors. We find out that the second stage adjustments did make differences on efficiency scores. Also the usage of derivatives are proved to be significantly and positively related to three input slake variables.
|
15 |
備供出售金融資產未實現損益之價值攸關性-以我國上市櫃銀行及金融控股公司為例 / Value relevance of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities: example of listed bank and financial holding companies in Taiwan羅雅馨 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究採用Sloan(1996)架構,以Mishkin(1983)測試市場效率性,欲探討備供出售金融資產未實現損益(以下簡稱未實現損益)之價值攸關性,研究結果如下:盈餘預測模式(earning forecasting model)顯示,從未實現損益之變化觀察出金融控股公司似乎有Shefrin and Statman(1985)處分效果(即當期備供出售金融資產未實現利益會於下一期實現,增加下期備供出售金融資產已實現利益),因此當期未實現利益能預測下一期盈餘,而銀行業則無處分效果,其未實現損益不具預測性;合理定價模型(rational pricing model)顯示,只有金控公司未實現損益對異常報酬率達到邊際(10%)顯著,且異常報酬率為隔年六月至後年五月的累積異常報酬率(CAR)與購買並持有報酬率(BHAR)才存在此現象,而不管是銀行業或是整體樣本來看,未實現損益並未被合理定價;結合二個模型測試市場效率性,發現備供出售金融資產未實現損益不具市場效率性,而金融工具評價損益則具有市場效率性。 / This study investigates the value relevance of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities(hereinafter “UAFS”) by adopting the framework of Sloan(1996) and using Mishkin Test(1983) to examine the market efficiency. The reults are as follows: The earnings forecasting model shows that financial holding companies’ UAFS is predictive of one-year-ahead earnings. It seems that the change of UAFS of financial holdings consists with the theory of disposition effect of Shefrin and Statman(1985) which suggests that investors tend to realize the gains of securities in the next period while hold loss securities. Therefore, it is likely that UFAS could forecast next period earnings of financial holding companies. The rational pricing model shows that only UAFS of financial holdings are rationally priced with marginal significance through abnormal returns (CAR and BHAR) for the period beginning five months after the firm’s fiscal year-end through the fifth month after the next fiscal year-end, whereas the coefficients of banks or all sample are insignificant. Combinig with the two models to test market efficiency, this study finds that unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are inefficient while the valuation gains and losses on financial instruments are efficient.
|
16 |
財務會計準則第40號公報對外商保險公司影響之研究 / The Impact of Adopting GAAP No. 40 on Foreign Insurers張小玲, Chang, Hsioa Ling Unknown Date (has links)
順應國際會計準則發展趨勢,我國於2008年12月發布財務會計準則第40號公報「保險合約之會計處理準則」,並自2011年1月1日施行。面臨第40號公報與過去截然不同的會計處理程序與財報揭露要求,本國保險公司是否已有足夠的準備與專業足以應付這項保險會計作業轉換所帶來的衝擊?
本研究透過問卷調查從業務執行者之角度分析第40號公報對本國外商保險業者之影響。研究發現本國外商保險公司雖然已具備依據IFRS 4或US GAAP編製財務報表之經驗,但受訪人員一致認為第40號公報的實施將導致整體作業成本增加,而相關法令及緩衝配套措施未及時修訂係導入作業面臨的最大障礙。此外,IFRS 4第二階段以公平價值衡量保險負債的要求影響重大,風險資本適足性及增資壓力成為適用該號公報首要挑戰,業者甚至考慮變更保險商品的設計以因應之。
據此,本研究建議保險業由董事會高層授權成立專案小組統籌導入計劃及委任外部專家協助,並且進行全面試算與分析供決策參考。主管機關將保險財務與監理會計分離並及時修訂相關法令及緩衝的配套措施,以減緩保險業者所受之衝擊;並及早評估第二階段的影響,以緩和漸進的方式達到IFRS 4第二階段之要求。 / Vow to adapt accounting standards with IFRS, Taiwan issued GAAP No.40, the Accounting Standards for Insurance Contracts in 2008, which will be effective starting from 2011. With different accounting and disclosure requirements GAAP No.40 requires, are Taiwan insurance companies capable and ready to implement the new standards without any impact?
This research tries to study and analyze survey from staffs of foreign insurers in Taiwan regarding impacts of adopting the new accounting standards, although almost foreign insurers in Taiwan are capable of compiling their financial reports in accordance with IFRS or US GAAP requirements to their parent company. The questionnaire results indicate that all respondents agree that overall costs will increase due to adopt the new standards and lacking of the related regulations and supporting measures to the new standards will be a major challenge in operating levels. Furthermore, using fair value to measure insurance liabilities in phase II of IFRS 4 will cause huge impact for all insurers. The critical challenges of the new standards are the adequacy of Risk-Based Capital and additional capital requirements, which might even force the insurers to resign the products in order not to fail to comform RBC ratio.
Therefore, this research has 3 suggestions for insurers and 3 suggestions for authorities, respectively:
1.to be fully authorized by Board of Directors to set up IFRS 4 project team to implement the stardard as soon as possible;
2.to look for outside experts supports;
3.to make pre-test of the impact of the new stardard as the reference for insurers’ business plans and strategies;
4.to separate insurance financial accountings with insurance regulatory requirements;
5.to provide supporting policies or amend regulations to mitigate negative impacts from the new standards;
6.to make an overall study and analysis on phase II of IFRS 4 to ensure insurance companies can implement phase II smoothly and successfully.
|
17 |
非營利組織一般公認會計原則探討與我國私立大專院校會計制度現況分析張瑜, Chang, Yu Unknown Date (has links)
有鑑於國內非營利組織財務報表未公開,資源提供者、主管機關無法透過財務報表監督管理當局是否將資源作有效的運用,亦無法判斷非營利組織營運成果良窳及持續營運的能力。因此國內亟需制訂財務會計準則以公開財務報表,遂引發本研究參考美國非營利組織一般公認會計原則之第一項動機,國內非營利組織目前無一般公認會計原則,而由各主管機關制訂會計制度,或組織自訂會計制度,甚至無任何制度,國內私立大專院校由教育部定有會計制度規範,但其實施至今尚有多項疑義,究竟與美國之規範有何不同,遂成為本研究第二項研究動機。
本研究分成兩部分,第一部份整理美國非營利組織一般公認會計原則,並介紹美國財務會計準則委員會針對非營利組織訂定四號公報—第93號、第116號、第117號及第124號。第二部份為將國內私立大專院校會計制度與美國私立大專院校會計制度所遵守之一般公認會計原則作一整理、分析與比較,以了解國內私立大專院校會計處理的現況與可能存在的問題,並透過問卷來彙整私立大專院校可能存在的問題。
由整理非營利組織一般公認會計原則可得到三項啟示:(1)非營利組織財務會計理論為制訂財務會計準則的基礎,(2)非營利組織會計原則有三項來源,第一個來源為一般會計處理,大部分與營利組織適用相同的會計處理準則,第二個來源為財務會計準則委員會針對特定會計處理制訂之會計準則,第三個來源為資產負債表、損益表與作業活動表應適用的會計原則,(3)為增進財務報表作為績效評估工具的用途,而引進服務努力成就指標的觀念。
本研究問卷對象為會計主任、會計師與教育部官員,其中會計主任發出85份,問卷回收率為37.64%,會計師發出67份,問卷回收率為34.32%,而教育部官員發出59份,問卷回收率為33.9%,因此整體回收率為35.55%。
實證結果彙總如下:(1)受試者皆贊成固定資產應平時提列折舊,(2)目前受限於學校施行細則第43條之規定,投資之會計處理無法採行成本與市價孰低法或市價法,(3)財務報表表達資訊品質三者看法不一致,(4)非營利組織亟需制定一般公認會計原則,(5)教育部應建立成本會計制度以計算學生單位成本。
根據實證結果與美國非營利組織一般公認會計原則之整理,本研究建議(1)參考美國制訂一般公認會計準則的模式訂定國內非營利組織一般公認會計原則,(2)改進財務報表表達方式,(3)私立大專院校會計相關法令合理性探討,(4)國內會計人員與資訊使用者重視非營利組織財務資訊。
|
Page generated in 0.0738 seconds