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非營利組織政府補助收入影響因素之實證研究 / Determinants of Government Subsidies in Nonprofit Organizations:An Empirical Study黃存民 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究是以「台灣公益團體自律聯盟」40家會員為研究對象,2007年與2008年為研究期間,採用落後一期的解釋變數,並利用Tobit模型來探討哪些非營利組織的特性變數會影響其政府補助收入的多寡。本文分組織財務特性與組織自身特性二個構面來分析。組織財務特性的實證結果為:捐款收入與資本適足性對於政府資金挹注具有顯著的負面效果;組織服務效率對於政府資金挹注具有顯著的正面效果;而商業收入與政府補助收入之間呈現不顯著的反向關聯性;行政管理成本與政府補助收入呈不顯著的正向關聯性。由組織自身特性實證結果發現:組織宗旨及組織規模對於政府經費補助有顯著的正面影響效果;組織年齡對於政府經費補助有顯著的負面影響效果;而組織區位、企業資助成立者則與政府經費補助之間呈現無顯著的正向關聯性;組織服務範圍與政府經費補助之間呈現無顯著的反向關聯性。
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公司財務特性對私募折價幅度之影響 / The effects of financial characteristics on price discounts in private placement藍亦敏 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以2002年至2010年4底前辦理私募增資之上市(櫃)公司為研究對象,探討公司財務特性對私募折價幅度之影響。研究結果顯示, 私募金額占公司市值比例與無形資產價值愈高,象徵公司價值的衡量愈複雜,私募應募人在衡量私募公司價值時需付出的較高成本,折價幅度將較高。再者,當私募目的指出私募公司有新的投資機會時,私募之折價幅度將較小;另外,私募公司股東權益報酬率愈高,代表私募公司利用現有資源效率較高,折價幅度愈低;而私募公司負債對股東權益比愈大,其長期償債能力較差,營運風險也會提升,所以應募人會要求較高折價幅度以補償此風險;當私募公司有發生財務危機可能時,應募人也會要求較高折價補償其所承受之風險。因此,私募折價幅度與公司資訊成本、投資機會及營運風險程度有密切關聯。 / This study examines the effects of financial characteristics on price discounts in private placement. Based on the Market Observation Post System, the sample includes private placements of all listed and OTC firms in Taiwan during 2002 to April of 2010. The empirical evidence shows that discounts will be larger when private placement size is large relative to firm size. Intangible assets are difficult to value and therefore private placement investors will require larger discounts as compensation. If the issuer’s purposes of private placement indicate the availability of positive NPV investment opportunity to the firm then the discount will be smaller. In addition, the ROE variable has significant and negative association with discounts. This is consistent with the expectation that investors will assess the quality of the firm’s existing assets to form an opinion on risk and expected return of their private equity investment. On the other hand, high debt levels as measured by debt to equity result in higher discounts. Moreover, the existence of financial crisis is positively associated with discounts. In a word, the size of the discount to current market price is strongly related to proxies for the quality of the firm’s financial characteristics, future prospects and risk.
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製造業財務特性對大陸投資之影響徐受延, Seo, Soo-Youn Unknown Date (has links)
自中國大陸經貿改革開放後,外國對中國大陸的直接投資漸為風潮,除中國在策略上積極擴大對外貿易以及引進外資,並採行各種租稅優惠等措施外,其本身也具備勞動力充沛、工資便宜、土地廣大、取得成本低廉以及內銷市場廣大的優勢,因而對台商產生了莫大的吸引力。1980年代後,因台灣島內工資上升、土地昂貴以及環保意識抬頭等,台商需積極另覓生產基地,由於兩岸文化同文同種,中國大陸遂成為台商在海外投資的首選。隨其經濟快速成長,大陸內銷市場已成為全球企業兵家必爭之地,台商對大陸投資更無減退的跡象,本論文重點在於探討母公司財務特性,希冀透過對這些財務因素的分析,瞭解其對大陸投資的影響。是故,本論文以此為動機,旨在檢視過去幾年來台商母公司之財務特性對大陸投資之影響。
本論文以2000年 ~ 2004年6月赴大陸投資的台灣上市、櫃公司為研究樣本,假設大陸投資為應變數,獲利能力、穩定性、成長性、活動性等財務指標為自變數,應用敘述性統計的方法,就現金流量、財務比率進行分析。為探討影響大陸投資的主因,採用「因素分析」中的「主成分分析法」(principal component analysis),並藉由迴歸分析來檢定母公司財務特性對大陸投資的影響 。
研究結果發現,電子產業營收較多,但有關營運部分的現金流量卻不及傳統產業,導致現金化比率不高,其原因可能為該產業普遍進行再投資所致。其次,在財務槓桿比率、長期負債比率、資金運用率上,兩種產業的實證結果相反;在獲利能力方面則呈現同樣的結果,顯見不論何種產業,獲利愈多愈增強企業赴大陸投資的意願。
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公司融資選擇與財務特性之研究-以台灣資訊電子業為例莊雅雲, Chuang, Ya-Yun Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,隨著台灣金融環境自由化,再加上金融創新的趨勢使然,各種不同的對外公開融資工具紛紛出籠,企業可以依照公司之所需及當時經濟環境狀況來決定其要選擇的融資工具,而在這樣的研究背景之下,本研究針對國內電子資訊業上市櫃公司,以民國88年到民國93年為研究期間,探討公司四種對外公開融資選擇與其財務特性差異之間的相關性研究,主研究內容包括選擇負債與權益融資之公司財務特性差異,以及選擇國內與國外融資之公司財務特性差異,利用Panel Logit Model-多項邏輯迴歸模型,在研究資料為連續時間固定樣本的Panel Model形式,加入時間效果或個別企業效果,探討公司財務特性差異與其選擇融資工具及融資地點之間的相關性研究。研究結果如下: / 一、非Panel模型實證結果:
針對公司選擇以負債或權益工具進行融資之財務特性比較,當公司選擇在國內進行融資,規模愈小、成長性愈低、獲利能力愈高、財務風險愈高、及營運風險愈高的公司,會較傾向以國內權益工具進行融資;而當公司選擇在國外進行融資時,規模愈大及獲利能力愈高的公司,會愈傾向以國外權益工具進行融資。
而對於公司融資地點不同之財務特性比較,則不論以負債或權益工具進行融資,只要公司的規模愈大,公司會愈傾向到國外進行融資。 / 二、考慮時間效果的Panel模型實證結果:
有關公司選擇以負債或權益工具進行融資之財務特性比較,當公司選擇在國內進行融資,規模愈大、成長性愈高、財務風險愈低、及營運風險愈低的公司,會較傾向以國內負債工具進行融資;而在時間效果部分,相較於民國88年基期,民國90年到民國93年,公司會更傾向使用國內負債融資工具。而當公司選擇在國外進行融資時,規模愈小的公司,會愈傾向以國外負債工具進行融資,且在民國92年到民國93年,這個現象會更加明顯。
有關公司選擇在國內或國外進行融資之財務特性比較,不論以負債或權益工具進行融資,只要公司的規模愈大,公司會愈傾向到國外進行融資。而在時間效果影響部分,相較於民國88年比較基期,在民國92年,台灣電子資訊產業上市櫃公司會更傾向到國外進行融資。 / 三、考慮個別企業效果的Panel模型實證結果:
有關公司選擇以負債或權益工具進行融資之財務特性比較,當公司選擇在國內進行融資,規模愈小、成長性愈低、獲利能力愈高、財務風險愈高、及營運風險愈高的公司,相較於以國內負債工具融資,會較傾向以國內權益工具進行融資;而當公司選擇在國外進行融資時,規模愈小、獲利能力愈高、及財務風險愈大的公司,相較於以國外負債融資,會愈傾向以國外權益工具進行融資。
有關公司選擇在國內或國外進行融資之財務特性比較,當公司選擇以負債工具進行融資時,規模愈大或是營運風險愈高的公司,相較於選擇在國內融資,公司會愈傾向到國外進行融資;而當公司選擇以權益工具進行融資時,財務風險愈高的公司,相較於選擇在國內融資,公司會愈傾向到國外進行融資。 / In recently years, with the liberalization and innovation trends in financial institutions, there are more and more different kinds of financing instruments that corporations can choose to finance their capital needs. Under such environment, this paper attempts to find out the relationships between corporations’ financial choices and their financial characteristics. Based on the data of Taiwan public issuing firms’ data from 1999 to 2004 and the Panel Logit Model adding time or individual firm effect, this paper not only investigates the differences of financial characteristics between firms choose debt or equity financing instruments, but also analyzes the differences of financial characteristics between firms choose domestic or international financing. The main empirical results are as follows: / 1.Non-Panel Logit Model
For the comparisons of firms using different financing instruments, when firms choose domestic financing, the smaller the size, the lower the growth rate, the higher the profitability, financial risk and operational risk, firms will more tend to choose equity instruments for financing. On the other hand, when firms choose international financing, the larger the size and the higher the profitability, firms will more tend to choose equity instruments.
As for the comparisons of firms choosing domestic or international financing, firms will be more willing to finance internationally when their size are larger. / 2.Panel Logit Model with Time Effect
For the comparisons of firms using different financing instruments, when firms choose to finance domestically, the larger the size, the higher the growth rate, the lower the financial and operational risk, firms will tend to choose debt instruments for financing. As for the time effect, firms will more tend to use domestic debt instrument for financing from 2001 to 2004. On the other side, when firms choose to finance internationally, they will be more willing to choose debt instruments for financing when their size are smaller. Moreover, this tendency is more apparently from 2003 to 2004.
As for the comparisons of firms choosing domestic or international financing, firms will tend to finance internationally when their size get larger. Moreover, this effect is more influential in 2003. / 3.Panel Logit Model with Individual Firm Effect
For the comparisons of firms using different financing instruments, when firms choose domestic financing, the smaller the size, the lower the growth rate, the higher the profitability, financial risk and operational risk, firms will more tend to use equity instruments for financing. On the other hand, when firms choose international financing, the smaller the size, the higher the profitability and financial risk, they will more tend to choose equity financing instruments.
As for the comparisons of firms choosing domestic or international financing, when firms choose debt financing, the larger the size and operational risk, the more willingness of firms to choose international financing. Meanwhile, when firms choose equity financing, they will more tend to finance internationally as their financial risk are higher.
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企業對產品責任保險需求因素之分析-以我國上市公司為例 / On the Corporate Demand for Product Liability Insurance: Evidence from Listed Compaines in Taiwan黃慧琳, Huang,Hui Lin Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要探討我國企業對產品責任保險需求之原因,分別以四個構面來分析企業對產品責任保險的需求。包括企業經營動機、公司背景資料、產品安全風險管理與上市公司財務特性等四方面來探討企業的投保動機。本研究以我國上市公司為樣本,共計發放440份問卷,並以回收的90份問卷進行Logistic迴歸及複迴歸之實證分析。
研究結果發現,企業交易對象(買方)的要求、產品風險理財因素和產品市場行銷因素為影響上市公司投保產品責任保險之決定因素,呈顯著正向關係。另外,當上市公司過去曾發生過產品損害事件時,對產品責任保險之需求愈高;而且當公司的產品銷售本國地區、美加地區或同時銷售國內外地區時,對產品責任保險需求愈高。至於產品安全風險管理與產品責任保險需求之間的關係,實證結果顯示二者為互補關係,此與Ehrilich and Becker(1972)的理論假設一致。除此之外,本研究發現當公司規模愈大、產品銷售量愈大、負債對業主權益比率愈高以及公司無長期負債時,其對於產品責任保險的需求愈高。此外,當上市公司的財務危機成本愈高以及所面臨的損失頻率與幅度愈大時,其對於產品責任保險需求愈高。 / This paper investigates the corporate demand for product liability insurance in Taiwan. The motivations to purchase product liability insurance can be categorized into four groups, business operation incentive, features of the firm, product safety management, and financial management. The decision of insurance is analyzed based on the logistic model and multivariate regression models with a sample of 90 publicly traded companies in Taiwan.
The empirical results of this study indicate that customers’ requests, product risk financing, and product marketing are the determinants for companies to buy product liability insurance. Further, the companies with previous experience of product liability losses have higher product liability insurance demand. Those companies selling their products to North America and Taiwan will purchase more product liability insurance. Moreover, the empirical evidences suggest significantly positive correlation between product safety management and product liability insurance demand, which is consistent with Ehrilich and Becker (1972) that market insurance and self-protection are complements. The results also show that the firm will purchase more product liability insurance when it has larger firm size, greater product sales, higher debt to equity ratio, and no long term debt.
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