行政院農委會為了提昇網站服務品質，委託台灣農業資訊科技發展協會將「休閒農業服務網」入口網站與所屬的二十個家族網站進行相關整合計畫，同時以2007年12月研考會公布的「政府服務品質獎評獎作業手冊」為參考依據，希望透過「休閒農業服務網」入口網站改善來提昇網站的服務品質，整合各相關業務機關的資訊，提供民眾完善的資訊服務平台，為農村旅遊配套措施加值，並促進農村經濟活絡與提昇生活品質之終極目標。 本研究首先依據評獎的計分方式，以內部效益、外部效益、整合性的解決手法與資通訊（ICT）服務導入等四大項評分標準，協助建置客觀且可衡量的構面與指標。然後利用深度訪談、專家訪談的專業建議、焦點團體訪談(FGI)等方式來瞭解使用者真正的需求與題項，並修正前項構面與指標。並採用層級分析法（AHP）來計算服務品質構面的題項，最後以網路問卷與問卷調查的方式進行滿意度分析，進而產生初步KPI。 同時，透過初步KPI進行實際的網站功能改善，分析民眾對網站服務品質的滿意度是否提升，提出具體可行、較大幅度的修正建議，以趕上目前科技網路的進步。希望透過此次研究，能更深入了解非營利入口網站的實務機制與流程，日後可依不同網站需求做調整，推展到其他非營利的網站。 本研究的網站服務品質提升的計畫經過嚴謹的調查，確實執行所有階段活動，並實體進行網站服務品質的功能改善，經過改善前後的兩次問卷調查結果對照，來評估網站功能改善的效益。研究結果依據評獎計分方式，在總得分1000分中獲得989分。整體而言，本次計畫確實有達到服務品質提升的目的。網站內容技術的發展以及網站應用普及，已促使政府機關或民眾，在觀念上及對網站內容的預期上，都遠高於以往。近年，整體大環境加上政府資訊網路的大幅發展，也促使我們需要認真思考，非營利網站與休閒農業相關的政府網站能加強改進，以滿足網路使用者的需求。 / The Council of Agriculture (COA), Executive Yuan authorized the Taiwan Agriculture Information Technology Association—the management team of the EZGO website—to integrate COA’s twenty sub-websites into a “EZGO” portal website. Referring to the service benchmarks of the annual “Executive Yuan Service Quality Award“, which the Research, Development and Evaluation Commission of the Executive Yuan presented on December, 2007, EZGO hopes to improve the COA’s web service quality with integrated information from related government agencies. Furthermore, with this portal, EZGO aims to promote agri-tourism, to expedite the economic revival of farm and fishing villages, and to improve the living quality of rural communities. The objective of this research is to provide EZGO with measurable and objective Key Performance Indicators （KPIs）to evaluate EZGO’s portal. First, measurable evaluate on criteria, which are based on the Government Service Quality Award’s benchmarks, were established. Second, some literatures review, in-depth interviews, expert interviews and a focus group interview to investigate the current situation of the web portal and its sub-websites and to determine the real needs of primary users were conducted. These results were adapted to previous criteria. Third, utilize the analytic hierarchy process method was utilized to calculate the weight of criteria and convert them into performance indicators. Finally, online questionnaire surveys and face-to-face interviews were conducted to turn those indicators into preliminary KPIs. Furthermore, EZGO used those preliminary KPIs to improve their website service quality, analyze users’ feedback to website and even suggest web redesign, in alignment with contemporary Internet user behavior trends. This research intends to establish fair, measurable and adjustable KPIs to evaluate non-profit portals and other similar websites. The research demonstrates a website service improvement process that combines rigorous investigation and thorough execution. The research actually did interpret and apply research findings to the EZGO portal website services and compared the before and after KPIs to evaluate improvements to the EZGO portal.

商業上的大趨勢（megatrend）一直是學者專家所研究的對象，因為它影響著企業如何競爭與為消費者創造價值。近年來，由於全球化與新興經濟體所帶來的環境衝擊與自然資源的競爭，迫使商業開始出現本質上的改變。本研究以里仁公司為例，深入研究日益蓬勃發展的社會企業如何因運時勢而生，及其如何運用獨特的經營模式來為消費者以及農友創造價值，以達到經濟、社會與環境的三重盈餘。 本研究採用文獻回顧分析結合非結構式的訪談，與里仁公司的總經理、公關部進行數十小時的溝通與意見交流，以分析歸納出里仁公司的經營模式與關鍵成功因素。里仁公司的成立目的是推廣台灣的有機農業與慈心食品 ，讓消費者有健康的飲食，提升台灣農民的競爭力同時保育環境。里仁公司為佛教徒所創立，其研習的經典「菩提道次第廣論」為組織的思想與價值觀，指導著組織上下的行為法則，形塑出強勢的企業文化。因此相較於一般企業，里仁公司的組織成員目標與組織目標整合程度較高，而由此衍生出來的成功關鍵有三，一為宗教背景帶來的組織整合能力，二為慈心事業利用社會資本所創造的綜效帶來供應鏈的緊密關係，三為里仁公司的創新與研發能力。 里仁公司的成功，有賴於高度的組織認同與組織獨特經營模式的相輔相成，對於里仁公司而言，能夠落實佛法才是事業的意義。因此在面臨市場需求大的組織成長壓力，里仁公司仍堅定步伐讓員工慢慢從佛法內化學習起，因其不以利益擴張為考量，即便組織成長趨緩可能會影響獲取規模經濟的優勢。從經營模式來看，社會資本的大量運用與模式中各個環結串連的流暢性是里仁模式成功的關鍵，慈心事業的各組織分別在供應鏈上扮演著資源的媒合者來把上游供應商、消費者與里仁公司緊緊串連，供應商與消費者亦同時成為組織社會資本的一部分，帶入更多的人來認識里仁與新的消費力量。 里仁公司藉由提供有機與慈心食品給消費者，同時幫助台灣的農民在走向外銷之路上更具有競爭力，盈餘則贊助兩個股東基金會的生命成長營隊、校園蔬食及種樹護地球等讓促進社會健康與改善環境的活動。目前台灣有機農業已逐漸發展成熟，里仁公司已開始邁向新的策略—結合環境保育與有機農業，期望能讓台灣重要的環境保育區、集水區上游有乾淨的水質與土壤，並利用環境保育商標來凝聚消費者對這塊土地的重視。 對於此經營模式如何複製與擴充，作者認為整合經營模式中利害關係人需求間的交換機制以及善用經營模式的可複製元素是成功關鍵。在個案公司的例子中是將佛家以人為本的普世價值形成強組織文化，將供應商、消費者的需求與供給能夠透過組織力量的媒合進行更有效率的交換。強組織文化在此種商業模式的應用上不可或缺，其為累積社會資本的一大關鍵。另外則是運用社會資本產生一回饋系統。 / Business megatrend has always been an important research target, as it influences on how enterprises compete and create value for their customers. In recnt years, globalization and emerging economies bring environmental impact and competition for natural resources, forcing fundamental and persistant shift in how companies compete. In this research, Leesen Company is used as a case of a social enterprise to illustrate how it creates and utilizes social capital to grow and sustain its business, which provides a reference for social entrepreneurs and researchers to develop new business model that achieves the so called triple bottom lines. Systematic paper review combined with 26 hours of low-structured interview with CEO and director of public relations in Leezen Company, this study aims to summarize and analyze the business model and key success factors. Leezen Company is built for promoting organic agriculture and non-toxic food, trying to make healthy food available for all consumers in Taiwan. Founded by a Buddhist, Leezen company is guided by the Buddhist Sutra “Lamrim Chenmo”, which deeply influences employees’ thoughts and core value. This, in tern, results in higher integration of goals between organization and employees compared to other organization. Key success factors are as follows: Highly coordinated and integrated coporate culture formed through buddsim generates great synergy in supply chain of Tzu-Xin conglomerates, where Leezen Company belongs to, and gains great trust from consumers. Also, the innovation and R&D in food technology created by its persistence in doing the right thing strengthens its competitive advantage in in organic argiculture and non-toxic food. Through providing organic and non-toxic food, Leezen Company creates a healthier environment for consumers and bolsters competitiveness of Taiwanese farmers to sale argicultural product abroad. Revenue goes to sponsor various activities that benefit our mind, health and environment of two shareholder foundations. As the organic industry become more mature these days, Leezen Company starts to adopt a new strategy of combining environmental protection and organic agriculture, expecting to replace traditional agriculture in conseravation aeras and upstream reservoirs. Also, it develops an environmental protection trademark for food grown in those areas, trying to arouse the awareness of more people. The key to replicate and expand this business model lies in how the organization can integrate and exchange its stakeholders’ needs, also how it can make good use of its replicable factors in the business model. In this case, Buddhism shapes strong organizational culture, which increases the efficiency of mediating the needs between suppliers and customers, accumulating its social capital. Further, social capital creates feedback system which makes the business model self-sufficient.

近年來，由於消費者對於產品安全的重視程度與日俱增，各式各樣的私營標準開始蓬勃發展。這些私營標準雖不具備法律強制力，其所導致的市場排擠效應仍使生產者不得不積極使其產品取得各項私營標準的認證，引發私營標準是否具有實質上強制力並進而影響國際間自由貿易之疑慮。隨著開發中國家自2005年開始於SPS委員會中提出全球良好農業慣例標準對國際自由貿易之負面影響，私營標準之相關法律議題於WTO場域中益發重要，實有研究討論之必要。鑒於私營標準種類、數量之眾，本論文以於WTO下被具體指謫之全球良好農業慣例標準為例，探討全球良好農業慣例標準是否有落入WTO法規範管轄範疇之可能，並透過涉及私營標準議題之食品衛生檢驗與動植物檢疫措施協定、技術性貿易障礙協定與關稅及貿易總協定相關條文的解釋與分析，討論全球良好農業慣例標準與該些規範之關連性及適法性，既而於WTO下甚至WTO以外之國際場域，探究尋求相關貿易衝擊因應之道的可行性，希冀能為私營標準對國際自由貿易體系所帶來的影響及其與WTO之關係進行審視並作出建議。 / In recent years, all kinds of private standards have started to develop prosperously because consumers consider product safety more and more important. Although these private standards are not mandatory, the crowding out effect of markets causing by these standards still makes producers have to achieve relevant certification as far as possible. This situation causes anxiety about the possibility that private standards are de facto mandatory and create trade barriers. While developing countries have stated that GlobalGAP Standard makes bad influence on international trade in the SPS Committees since 2005, the legal issues about private standards become more and more important under WTO regime and need to be studied and discussed. In view of the fact that there are too many kinds of private standards, the thesis takes GlobalGAP Standard for example to discuss whether private standards shall be subject to the rules of WTO Agreements. In order to conduct careful examining and come up with suggestions of the influence on international trade which caused by private standards and the relationship between private standards and WTO, it is necessary to research into the connection between GlobalGAP Standard and WTO rules and the legality of this standard through explaining and analyzing relevant rules which involves the issue of private standards under the SPS Agreement, TBT Agreement, and GATT and to discuss the feasibility of finding the solution to relevant trade impact under WTO regime or other international fields.

本研究以城鄉差異觀點，評估台灣鄉村型社區心理衛生中心之服務需求，具體目的有(1)分析台灣縣市及雲林縣鄉鎮與心理衛生有關之各項社會指標，以驗證社區心理衛生相關問題的城鄉差異性；(2)瞭解雲林縣及其鄉鎮關鍵訊息提供者對高度農業地區各項社區心理衛生問題嚴重程度、問題型式、地理分佈與相關在地服務資源之看法；(3)瞭解雲林縣高度農業人口鄉鎮社區居民對其村落各項相關心理衛生問題嚴重程度、問題型式、社區壓力源、因應方式與求助情形之看法；(4)由社區居民調查結果，抽取鄉村心理衛生相關問題之共同因素，並歸納諸項調查研究與指標分析結果，初步擬定出一「台灣鄉村心理衛生指標系統目錄」。 研究方法採用多方法評估策略。社會指標分析方面，共計分析台灣地區23個縣市24項及雲林縣20個鄉鎮市16項心理衛生相關問題，以比較不同農業人口分群其發生率或盛行率之差異。關鍵訊息提供者調查方面，使用自編問卷分別調查雲林縣30位與二崙與水林兩鄉69位政府單位、民間機構或專業個人等。社區居民調查方面，二崙與水林兩鄉共發出2049份問卷，回收1074份(52.4%)，有效問卷為967份(41村、97.6%)。統計方法有描述統計、集群分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、因素分析等。 研究主要發現如下：(1)高度農業人口地區之老年、低教育程度、喪偶、外籍配偶、身心障礙、意外事故死亡、醫事人員平均服務人口數等比例明顯較高，離婚、全般刑案、竊盜、強盜搶奪、暴力犯罪、強制性交等比例則較低。(2)台灣縣市心理衛生相關嚴重問題社會指標之地理分佈概況不明顯，但雲林縣心理衛生相關嚴重問題比例則以高度農業人口的二崙與麥寮兩鄉明顯較高。(3)雲林縣與二崙、水林兩鄉關鍵訊息提供者皆認為人口外移與老化、老人問題(獨居、貧窮、安養等)、電話詐騙等問題比例較高。雲林縣關鍵訊息提供者主觀覺得口湖、台西與四湖為最亟需心理衛生服務的農業鄉鎮。二崙鄉關鍵訊息提供者主觀覺得大庄、楊賢與港後為該鄉最亟需心理衛生服務的村落。水林鄉關鍵訊息提供者主觀覺得水北、塭底與大山為該鄉最亟需心理衛生服務的村落。(4)二崙與水林兩鄉社區居民認為電話詐騙、人口外移、農產經營影響、人口老化、家庭經濟壓力等問題比例較高，青少女母親(含未婚懷孕)、家庭人數眾多、親友與鄰居死亡頻傳、自殺、性侵害、精神疾病、家庭暴力、家庭虐待等比例較低。(5)二崙與水林兩鄉居民認為「社區孤立與無望感」來自人口老化、多孤獨貧窮老人、人口外流嚴重、生活無聊、缺乏休閒娛樂等因素較多，「犯罪被害擔憂與恐懼」來自竊盜、詐騙、嗑藥吸毒等問題較多，「社區憂鬱現象」來自個人與家庭經濟壓力、失業、農業損害或收益等因素較多。(6)二崙與水林兩鄉居民認為其感受社會壓力源以治安惡化為主，農業壓力源以農產收益與自然災害為主，社區壓力源以治安不佳、衛生環境不良、缺乏休閒娛樂等較多，學校壓力源以城鄉差距大、教育與學習資源不足、課業或升學壓力、教育政策多變等較多，家庭壓力源以經濟收入與子女教養為主，個人壓力源以經濟收入、身體健康、工作壓力等較多。(7)二崙與水林兩鄉居民指出習慣(或主要)抒解或因應壓力方法，以「找人聊天」居首，只有6.5%曾求助於親友之外的專業人員。(8)雲林縣現有7個單位或機構(衛生局─社區心理衛生中心與長期照護管理示範中心、社會局─各課、家庭教育中心、台大醫院雲林分院精神科、雲林區心理衛生諮詢服務中心與生命線協會)共提供37個鄉村心理衛生相關服務項目。 本研究由社區居民調查結果，共抽取出七個因素構面並分別命名為「一般社區心理衛生問題」、「農業社區心理衛生問題」、「環境污染」、「經濟壓力」、「居住生活風險」、「犯罪」與「家庭婚姻特性」，並歸納諸項調查研究與指標分析結果，初步擬定出一「台灣鄉村心理衛生指標系統目錄」(5大指標向度，14個指標項目)。 文末，研究者並根據研究結果與國內外相關文獻，分別提出鄉村居民心理健康政策、鄉村心理衛生指標系統、農業危機服務、老人心理衛生、社區孤立與無望感、犯罪被害恐懼、環境污染心理影響、鄉村性別與族群心理議題、鄉村學校之預防功能、鄉村心理衛生服務模式等10項建議。 / The purposes of this thesis were: (1) to analyze the differences of some social indicators related to mental health of Taiwan (23 cities/counties) and Yunlin county (20 townships). (2) to understand the opinions of the key informants about community mental health problems. (3) to survey community residents of agricultural areas about the subjective perceptions of their mental health. (4) to set up a summative index of Taiwan Rural Mental Health indicators System. This research used a multi-method strategy. Data collected in the spring of 2005 included 24 social indicators of 23 cities/counties in Taiwan, and 16 social indicators of 20 cities/township in Yunlin, and questionnaires of 99 key informants and 967 community members of Erh-lun and Shui-lin Township of Yunlin County. Major findings of this study were as follows: (1)Significant differences were found in the social indicators about the numbers of older population, the lower educational status, the widowed, the foreign spouse, and the disabled, the accidental injury-related deaths in agricultural counties. In contrast, urbanized areas had higher rates of the divorced, all criminal case, larceny, robbery and forceful taking, violent crime, rape, and the average number of people serviced by per medical personnel . (2)The geographic analysis in terms of the mental health status and service needs of residents revealed no significant differences among 23 cities/counties, but significant differences among 20 cities/township (Yunlin County), Erh-lun and Mailiao had much more problems. (3)Yunlin County’s key informants indicated that the areas of Kou-hu, Tai-si and Sih-hu have high needs for mental health services. Erh-lun’s key informants indicated that 3 villages have high needs for mental health services. Shui-lin’s key informants indicated that 3 villages have high needs for mental health services. (4)Most respondents of resident sample ranked the following mental health problems as serious: fraudulent telephone calls, out-migrant, farm crisis, being elderly, and family economic hardship. (5)Most respondents of resident sample employed “chatting with others” as stress-relieving or coping method. Besides “family and friends”, only about 6.5% of respondents reported that they sought help from mental health professionals or specialists. (6)To set up the initial rural mental health indicator systems of Taiwan: a summative index consists of 14 items and is divided into five dimensions The recommendations for rural mental health policies, indicator systems, program strategies and rural mental health service delivery issues were also suggested.

本研究分析我國49家本國銀行、55家信用合作社、287家農會信用部及27家漁會信用部等四類金融機構之經營現況，並參照各國金融預警制度運作方式，選取適合的財務比率，運用SAS統計軟體及Z-score、Logistic等模型，分別找出造成各類金融機構經營失敗之顯著相關財務比率，評估各類金融機構之經營效率、失敗機率與模型之正確區別率，以建立預測金融機構失敗機率之預警模型。研究之樣本資料分別為：本國銀行49家、2001年第2季~2003年底共計11季25項財務比率，信用合作社55家、1998年底~2003年底共計21季26項財務比率，農會信用部287家1998年底~2003年底共計21季25項財務比率，漁會信用部27家1998年底~2003年底共計21季25項財務比率。 本研究之結論為： 一、彙整Z-Score模型對各類金融機構具有顯著性之財務變數，本國銀行有6項、信用合作社有7項、農會信用部有6項，漁會信用部有4項。 二、彙整Logistic模型對各類金融機構具有顯著性之財務變數，本國銀行、信用合作社各有6項，農會信用部有5項，漁會信用部有4項。 三、金融預警模型中，Logistic模型較Z-Score模型有較高的正確區別率。 / This research analyzes 49 domestic banks, 55 credit cooperative unions, 287 credit department of farmer associations and 27 credit department of fisherman associations above four kind of financial institution´s management situation, and refers the operation ways of various countries financial early warning system, selects suitable financial ratios , utilizes SAS statistics software and Z-score, Logistic models, it identifies the root cause of bankruptcy thus reveals finance of ratio the correlation, appraises management efficiency, the defeat probability each kind of financial institution if the correct difference rate. It appraises each kind of financial institution´s management efficiency, defeats probability and correct difference rate. It establishes early warning model that forecasts financial institutions failure rate. The research model and period: used 49 domestic banks from 2001 in 2nd season to the end of 2003 total 11 seasons and 25 items of finance ratio、55 credit cooperative associations from the end of 1998 to the end of 2003 total 21 seasons and 26 items of finance ratio、287 credit department of farmer associations and 27 credit department of fisherman associations from the end of 1998 to the end of 2003 total 21 seasons which used respectively 25 items of finance ratio. The conclusion of this research are: Firstly, it collects the entire Z-Score model to have significant financial indicator to each kind of financial institution, the domestic banks have 6 items, the credit cooperative associations have 7 items, the credit department of farmer associations have 6 items, and the credit department of fisherman associations have 4 items. Secondly, it collects the entire Logistic model to have significant financial indicator to each kind of financial institution, the domestic banks and the credit cooperative associations have 6 items respectively, the credit department of farmer associations have 5 items, and the credit department of fisherman associations have 4 items. Thirdly, in the financial early warning model, when comparing Z-Score with Logistic model , the latter appears to have a higher correct difference rate.