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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

知的財産制度下における植物遺伝資源の開発・流通・保全に関する研究―特許制度を中心とする接近―

岡田, ちから 24 November 2020 (has links)
付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22850号 / 農博第2433号 / 新制||農||1082(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R2||N5310(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科生物資源経済学専攻 / (主査)准教授 伊庭 治彦, 教授 秋津 元輝, 教授 辻村 英之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
122

政府開発援助による農業農村開発の効果的実施制度の研究 -フィリピンにおける農業開発援助実績を基にして-

河原, 行弘 23 September 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13054号 / 論農博第2838号 / 新制||農||1045(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N5011(農学部図書室) / 33144 / (主査)教授 星野 敏, 教授 川島 茂人, 教授 藤原 正幸 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
123

從農業發展條例之研修檢視我國農地移轉制度 / Review on Agricultural Land Transfer System through Amendment of the Agricultural Development Act in Taiwan

張志銘 Unknown Date (has links)
我國為配合加入WTO,紓緩日後大量農產品開放進口,對本土農地利用管理與農業生產所帶來的衝擊,政府乃大幅度修正農業發展條例(以下簡稱農發條例),以為因應。該條例及配套法案業於民國八十九年一月四日、六日及十三日經立法院三讀通過,並由總統於同年一月二十六日公布施行。本次農發條例之修正要點,在農地政策方面,主要側重於農地合理的利用、有效地管理與適當的釋出,其中最大的轉變在於調整為「放寬農地農有,落實農地農用」原則,不再限制農地移轉承受人之身份與資格,並有條件地許可農企業法人承受農地。這樣的變革,旨在建立更為開放競爭的耕地買賣市場,增進耕地的流動性,以利農業經營者取得耕地,調整農業經營結構,應值贊同。然而,條文內容有無疏漏不妥?仍有待深入檢討;條文原則性的規定能否落實?尚待相關法令的配合修訂,方能儘速建立合理農地利用、管理與釋出機制,以確保我國的農業發展。   緣此,本研究乃就農發條例之研修條文內容,深入探析農地政策與移轉規定之轉變,同時藉由實地調查(問卷調查與深度訪談)及拜訪農政等單位,以瞭解移轉制度變遷之實施現況及其對農業經營之影響程度,並訪察農業經營者之意向及博採各方之想法,據以確實地檢視現行農地移轉制度有關之爭議與問題,再提出研修現行條文、修訂行政命令及研議配合措施等改進意見,冀能有助於促進農地合理利用,並供後續法律修正、執行之參考。最後,再綜合本研究之成果,推衍以下結論:   一、調整農地農有制度係時勢潮流,農地農用管理機制應詳加落實。   二、實證調查發現,受訪者大抵認同目前農地移轉制度之變革規定,惟對促進農地流動及帶動農業升級助益不大。   三、引進農企業法人承受耕地之成效不彰,且牽涉法令繁多,亟待整合修訂。   四、制度規則未能公平提供誘因,且未能有效減低執行面之不確定性,應儘速檢討改進並確實執行之。   五、農民與農企業法人普遍欠缺對相關法令資訊的瞭解,應加強相關人員之專業訓練與宣傳輔導。   此外,在研究過程中,發現仍有相關課題有待未來後續研究,以促使農地更有效利用管理,並能確保農業永續發展,建議如下:   一、健全農企業法人承受耕地之管理制度。   二、建構重要農業區之區分與保護機制。   三、進一步研究農業產銷班與農地利用之關聯性。 / For joining WTO and moderating the impact of the import of agricultural products on agricultural lands use and, management and production, our government reacted by revising the Agricultural Development Act (ADA). The ADA has been revised by the Legislative Yuan on January 4 and promulgated by the Presidential Decree on January 26, 2000. The main point of the revision is to emphasis on reasonable farmland uses, effective management and adequate release of the land regulations in the agricultural policy. The main change is to adjust ADA’s principle from “the right to own and use farmland to be limited to the farmer” to “the release of the restriction on farmland transferee and realization of the substantial farmland uses.” The revision does no longer set a limit to the status and qualification of transferees and permits the transferable rights of agribusiness on some certain conditions. It is approved that the revision is to establish a more open and competitive arable land market, to improve the liquidity of arable lands, to facilitate the acquirement of arable lands for agribusiness, and to adjust the agricultural production structure. However, we should review the completeness and realization of the revised ADA after the promulgation in order to assure the agricultural development.   Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis is to probe into the change of the agricultural land policy and transfer regulation from the provisions of the revised ADA, examine the exercising of transfer system change and its influence on agricultural operation, investigate the intention of agricultural managers for reviewing the relative debates and issues, and then offer some advice as references of revision in the future. The conclusion is described as follows:   1.It is a trend of the times to adjust the transfer system that the right to own and use farmland is limited to the farmer, and the mechanism of assuring the substantial farmland uses should be realized.   2.From empirical research, the interviewees almost agree to the new agricultural land transfer system, but think that it is not useful for accelerating the liquidity and promoting the level of agricultural industry.   3.It is not significant on introducing agribusiness to be the transferee of arable lands, and it is necessary for our government to integrate too many relative and complicated laws.   4.We should review and implement the revised ADA because the rules themselves cannot provide fair incentives and effectively reduce the uncertainty from exercising it.   5.Farmers and agribusinesses lack the knowledge of relative laws, so the government should enhance them the professional training and give them consultant service.   In addition, from this research, we also found that some issues need to be studied for effective management of agricultural lands and sustainable development of agricultural industry in the future.   1.How to sound the management institution when agribusinesses want to be the transferee of arable lands.   2.How to designate important agricultural zones and establish protection mechanism.   3.Study the correlation between the agricultural product marketing class and agricultural land uses.
124

以農企業公司方式擴大農場經營規模可行性之研究

鄭聰懿, Zheng, Cong-Yi Unknown Date (has links)
第一章緒論,說明本文研究動機、目的、研究方法、研究的範圍及有關名詞的定義。 第二章擴大農場經營規模的問題,首先瞭解土地改革後的農業發展及現況,其次闡明 大農場經營的理論,再就目前各種擴大農場經營規模的方法加以分析並歸納其問題, 然後探討農企業方式擴大規模的理論。 第三章工業區模式擴大農場規模的調查,調查宜蘭龍德及嘉義民雄兩工業區原農地被 征收之土地所有人之現況。就其徵收前後之生活,勞動力的就業,農業資產的運用與 轉換情況及其意願,對當地社會、經濟的影響情形加以分析。 第四章推行農企業公司之必要配合措施,就前章研究分析結果,探討財經政策、社會 政策、法令制度與修訂及行政上等各方面應如何配合。 第五章以農企業公司擴大農場經營規模之評估,分析推行農企業之預期效益,並探討 其可行笥。 第六章結論,提出本文研究的結果。
125

農漁會家政推廣人員使用圖書館資源之研究 / A study of library resources using on the home economics extension agent

柯文仁, Ke, Wen Jen Unknown Date (has links)
近年來我國致力於改善公共圖書館的資源與環境,希望能夠提供更好的服務給讀者,且提升公共圖書館的使用率,但從一些圖書館使用者的相關統計獲知,農業背景使用圖書館的比例皆不達百分之一。另外對於許多政策上的變革,增添農業推廣發展的難度,其中農業推廣人員,也因自認專業知識的不足,無法完善服務農民多變的需求,產生工作上的許多壓力。 基於以上的原因,且在農業推廣的體系中,家政推廣的內容較貼近於一般民眾,所以本研究針對家政推廣人員進行探討,瞭解其資訊需求,以及圖書館要如何提供良好的服務與館藏,吸引並協助家政推廣人員為主要的目的。 問卷調查的對象,以我國農會與漁會的家政推廣人員為主,分作資訊需求、閱讀習慣以及圖書館使用狀況三方面,根據問卷調查結果,發現到家政推廣人員,多基於工作上的需求,透過網際網路獲取所需資訊,所需的資訊內容也多與工作相關;最多家政推廣人員選擇閱讀的地點,是自家與工作的場所,閱讀資料的來源多是農漁會機構所提供,另外在每週閱讀的平均時數以及每年夠書金額,都高於我國國民平均。分析有使用圖書館習慣的家政推廣人員,大部分是平均每週去圖書館一次、一個月平均借書量為1-5本,鄉鎮圖書館是最多人使用的,使用圖書館的主要目是借還圖書,而一般圖書也是最多人使用的館藏,對於圖書館的最滿意的地方是地點設立的便利性,最不滿意的是圖書館的檢索系統。 依據問卷所得結果,提出鄉鎮圖書館改進的項目,以提升家政推廣人員的圖書館使用率,例如:改善開閉館時間、根據家政人員的推廣活動提供適當館藏、加強宣導圖書館服務項目、舉辦兒童教育與醫療保健相關的推廣活動、改善圖書館的檢索系統、與家政推廣人員合辦社區活動。並且建議我國能夠設立農業專門圖書館以及博物館、農業資訊服務中心應彙整網路資源以及農業推廣充電站可導入知識管理的技術,藉以提昇我國農業推廣的發展。 / In recent years, Taiwan government makes efforts to improve public libraries, and hopes to provide better services and environment to the readers for promoting library usage, but a number of library users studies showed that the users with agriculture background did not reach to 1%. Many policy changes make developments of agricultural extensions harder. Even some agricultural extension staffs feel lacking of professional knowledge to serve farmers, and that results in their pressure at agricultural extension work. Based on the above reasons, and the Home Economics’ services are closer to the general public’s life, so this study aimed at Home Economics Extension agents to explore and understand their information needs, and find out how to provide good library services and collections, in order to attract and assist in Home Economics Extension agents. The questionnaires survey aimed at the home economics extension agents in the framers’ association and fishers’ association. It includes three parts: information needs, reading habits and library usage. According to survey findings, the home economics extension agents would like to obtain the required information about working via the internet, most Home Economics workers prefer reading at home or the offices, and the most sources are from the farmers’ associations or fishers’ associations. Home economics extension agents’ average reading hours per week and spending on buying books every year are above the average of Taiwan populace. Analysis of the home economics extension agents with the habit of using libraries demonstrates that most of them go to the library once per week, every month borrow 1 to 5 books from the library, and primarily use the township libraries. They go to the libraries for the circulations as mainly goal, and feel most satisfied with the location of the library, and most dissatisfied with the library's OPAC system. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the township libraries could improve the following to attract and assist in Home Economics Extension agents: regulating the open hour, according to agents’ needs to provide adequate collections, enforcing marketing the services, conducting extension activities about education and health, improving the OPAC system, and organizing community activities with home economics extension agents. The study makes final suggestions to enhance the promotion of Taiwan's agricultural development as follows: establish the agricultural libraries and museums, agriculture science information center shall collect network resources about agriculture, and use knowledge management technology to manage agricultural resources in Council of Agriculture.
126

一九九O年代我國與拉丁美洲友邦經技合作之研究

王家倫 Unknown Date (has links)
大綱提要 研究之動機、目的及方法 論文組織架構及資料來源 台海兩岸在中南美洲外交對抗之回顧(三個時期) 1949-1970年(我退出聯合國前-敵消我長-友邦數比2:20) 1971-1979年(我退出聯合國後-敵長我消-友邦數比12:12) 1980-1989年(蔣經國執政時期及李登輝執政初期-敵長我進- 友邦數比18:15) 備註:1990-1999年(李登輝執政時期-敵我建交拉鋸戰-友邦數比 19:14) 我國與中南美洲友邦經技合作 背景緣起 組織機制 (1)1960年代-外交部拉丁美洲農業技術合作小組 外交部海外技術合作委員會(1968年) (2)1970年代-海外技術合作委員會CITC(1972年) (3)1980年代-海外經濟合作發展基金會IECDF(1988年) (4)1990年代-財團法人國際合作發展基金會ICDF(1996年) 合作項目 (1)1960-1980年代-農業(1963年起)、漁業(1974年起)、工業(1981年起)、竹工藝(1980年起)及昆蟲醫技(1981年起) (2)1990年代-貸款計畫(基礎工程建設、工業區開發、中小企業轉融資、小農貸款、人道貸款)、外交部政策性貸款及人道援助 經費來源 (1)1974年6月以前-美援及我政府配合款 (2)1975年會計年度起-外交部預算(駐外技術團經費、政策性貸款、人道援助) (3)1988年起-國庫編列援外基金(海外會及國合會貸款計畫) 合作策略 (1)1960-1980年代-傳統的農漁業技術合作 (2)1990年代- 擴大技術合作範圍(協助農業產銷、小農貸款、中小企業輔導與顧 問諮詢服務、海外服務工作團志工服務) 雙邊及多邊經濟合作(1991年CABEI會員國、1992年中美洲國家與中華民國合作混合委員會、1997年中美洲元首暨總理高峰會、1998年中美洲永續發展聯盟會員國及籌設中美洲經貿合作發展基金) 人道援助 合作績效 (1)1960-1980年代 政治外交層面-穩固8國傳統邦誼、爭取新興國家7國建交 經濟層面-1963年起總共派遣農技團23個、漁技團6個、竹技團2個、醫技團1個,至23國進行技術合作,協助當地農、漁業及竹工藝發展 (2)1990年代 政治外交層面-爭取尼加拉瓜復交、友邦支持我國參與聯合國、友邦歡迎我國加入中美洲統合體SICA 經濟層面-提供台灣成功發展經驗、7國中小企業轉融資貸款、 4國小農貸款、海地微額貸款、4國風災緊急紓困貸款、廠商赴友邦投資享有最優惠待遇、設立中美洲經貿辦事處、捐贈中美洲經濟合作發展基金、人道捐助 難題挑戰- (1) 援外經費不足(國合基金僅達預定額度1/3、技術團經費增加有限且人事費偏高、援外金額占GNP比例偏低) (2) 援外機制尚未完全明確建立(國合會成員架構不能反映民意監督功能、我國總體援外預算分屬不同部會或不同科目或隱藏在第二預備金內、援外支出缺乏民意有效監督、駐外使館浮濫運用援外資源) (3) 援外專業人才難覓(國外待遇誘因不大、聘期無保障、國內不願優秀農技幹部外調、駐地貧窮落後或戰亂、被民間企業以高薪挖角) (4) 友邦政府財力及基礎設施配合困難 (5) 廠商經貿投資未能配合援外政策 結論 經技合作--(1)效果:鞏固邦交、增進友邦的經濟發展、建立多邊的政經合作關係、突破中共外交封鎖 (2)影響經技合作成敗的變數:國際因素、中共因素、友邦國內政經情勢因素、我國國內因素 第一章導論 第一節研究動機及目的/3 第二節研究方法/4 第三節組織架構及資料來源/5 第二章台海兩岸在拉丁美洲外交對抗之回顧 第一節「敵消我長」時期(1949年-1970年)/9 第二節「敵長我消」時期(1971年-1979年)/12 第三節「敵長我進」時期(1980年-1989年)/14 第三章一九九○年代以前我國與拉丁美洲友邦經技合作概況 第一節經技合作的背景與緣起/19 第二節經技合作的組織機制、內容項目與經費運用/22 第三節經技合作的評估/39 第四章一九九○年代我國與拉丁美洲友邦經技合作策略之分析 第一節拉丁美洲友邦對我之重要性/51 第二節我國與拉丁美洲友邦經技合作策略之轉變/65 第三節李總統登輝先生的太平之旅與我國與拉丁美洲友邦之經技合作/88 第五章一九九○年代我國與拉丁美洲友邦經技合作之評估 第一節當前我國經技合作的組織機制/111 第二節我國與拉丁美洲經技術合作的績效/117 第六章我國經援及技術合作所面臨的難題挑戰/130 第一節援外經費不足 第二節援外機制尚未完全明確建立 第三節援外專業人才難覓 第四節友邦政府財力及基礎設施配合困難 第五節廠商經貿投資未能配合援外政策 第七章結論/159
127

入口網站服務品質提昇之研究--以休閒農業服務網為例 / Electronic service quality improvement-- the case of ezgo web portal

洪凡嵐, Hung, Fanlan Unknown Date (has links)
行政院農委會為了提昇網站服務品質,委託台灣農業資訊科技發展協會將「休閒農業服務網」入口網站與所屬的二十個家族網站進行相關整合計畫,同時以2007年12月研考會公布的「政府服務品質獎評獎作業手冊」為參考依據,希望透過「休閒農業服務網」入口網站改善來提昇網站的服務品質,整合各相關業務機關的資訊,提供民眾完善的資訊服務平台,為農村旅遊配套措施加值,並促進農村經濟活絡與提昇生活品質之終極目標。 本研究首先依據評獎的計分方式,以內部效益、外部效益、整合性的解決手法與資通訊(ICT)服務導入等四大項評分標準,協助建置客觀且可衡量的構面與指標。然後利用深度訪談、專家訪談的專業建議、焦點團體訪談(FGI)等方式來瞭解使用者真正的需求與題項,並修正前項構面與指標。並採用層級分析法(AHP)來計算服務品質構面的題項,最後以網路問卷與問卷調查的方式進行滿意度分析,進而產生初步KPI。 同時,透過初步KPI進行實際的網站功能改善,分析民眾對網站服務品質的滿意度是否提升,提出具體可行、較大幅度的修正建議,以趕上目前科技網路的進步。希望透過此次研究,能更深入了解非營利入口網站的實務機制與流程,日後可依不同網站需求做調整,推展到其他非營利的網站。 本研究的網站服務品質提升的計畫經過嚴謹的調查,確實執行所有階段活動,並實體進行網站服務品質的功能改善,經過改善前後的兩次問卷調查結果對照,來評估網站功能改善的效益。研究結果依據評獎計分方式,在總得分1000分中獲得989分。整體而言,本次計畫確實有達到服務品質提升的目的。網站內容技術的發展以及網站應用普及,已促使政府機關或民眾,在觀念上及對網站內容的預期上,都遠高於以往。近年,整體大環境加上政府資訊網路的大幅發展,也促使我們需要認真思考,非營利網站與休閒農業相關的政府網站能加強改進,以滿足網路使用者的需求。 / The Council of Agriculture (COA), Executive Yuan authorized the Taiwan Agriculture Information Technology Association—the management team of the EZGO website—to integrate COA’s twenty sub-websites into a “EZGO” portal website. Referring to the service benchmarks of the annual “Executive Yuan Service Quality Award“, which the Research, Development and Evaluation Commission of the Executive Yuan presented on December, 2007, EZGO hopes to improve the COA’s web service quality with integrated information from related government agencies. Furthermore, with this portal, EZGO aims to promote agri-tourism, to expedite the economic revival of farm and fishing villages, and to improve the living quality of rural communities. The objective of this research is to provide EZGO with measurable and objective Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)to evaluate EZGO’s portal. First, measurable evaluate on criteria, which are based on the Government Service Quality Award’s benchmarks, were established. Second, some literatures review, in-depth interviews, expert interviews and a focus group interview to investigate the current situation of the web portal and its sub-websites and to determine the real needs of primary users were conducted. These results were adapted to previous criteria. Third, utilize the analytic hierarchy process method was utilized to calculate the weight of criteria and convert them into performance indicators. Finally, online questionnaire surveys and face-to-face interviews were conducted to turn those indicators into preliminary KPIs. Furthermore, EZGO used those preliminary KPIs to improve their website service quality, analyze users’ feedback to website and even suggest web redesign, in alignment with contemporary Internet user behavior trends. This research intends to establish fair, measurable and adjustable KPIs to evaluate non-profit portals and other similar websites. The research demonstrates a website service improvement process that combines rigorous investigation and thorough execution. The research actually did interpret and apply research findings to the EZGO portal website services and compared the before and after KPIs to evaluate improvements to the EZGO portal.
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社會企業的經營模式-以里仁事業股份有限公司為例 / The business model of social enterprises- Case study of Lee-Zen company

吳宜蓉, Wu, Yi Jung Unknown Date (has links)
商業上的大趨勢(megatrend)一直是學者專家所研究的對象,因為它影響著企業如何競爭與為消費者創造價值。近年來,由於全球化與新興經濟體所帶來的環境衝擊與自然資源的競爭,迫使商業開始出現本質上的改變。本研究以里仁公司為例,深入研究日益蓬勃發展的社會企業如何因運時勢而生,及其如何運用獨特的經營模式來為消費者以及農友創造價值,以達到經濟、社會與環境的三重盈餘。 本研究採用文獻回顧分析結合非結構式的訪談,與里仁公司的總經理、公關部進行數十小時的溝通與意見交流,以分析歸納出里仁公司的經營模式與關鍵成功因素。里仁公司的成立目的是推廣台灣的有機農業與慈心食品 ,讓消費者有健康的飲食,提升台灣農民的競爭力同時保育環境。里仁公司為佛教徒所創立,其研習的經典「菩提道次第廣論」為組織的思想與價值觀,指導著組織上下的行為法則,形塑出強勢的企業文化。因此相較於一般企業,里仁公司的組織成員目標與組織目標整合程度較高,而由此衍生出來的成功關鍵有三,一為宗教背景帶來的組織整合能力,二為慈心事業利用社會資本所創造的綜效帶來供應鏈的緊密關係,三為里仁公司的創新與研發能力。 里仁公司的成功,有賴於高度的組織認同與組織獨特經營模式的相輔相成,對於里仁公司而言,能夠落實佛法才是事業的意義。因此在面臨市場需求大的組織成長壓力,里仁公司仍堅定步伐讓員工慢慢從佛法內化學習起,因其不以利益擴張為考量,即便組織成長趨緩可能會影響獲取規模經濟的優勢。從經營模式來看,社會資本的大量運用與模式中各個環結串連的流暢性是里仁模式成功的關鍵,慈心事業的各組織分別在供應鏈上扮演著資源的媒合者來把上游供應商、消費者與里仁公司緊緊串連,供應商與消費者亦同時成為組織社會資本的一部分,帶入更多的人來認識里仁與新的消費力量。 里仁公司藉由提供有機與慈心食品給消費者,同時幫助台灣的農民在走向外銷之路上更具有競爭力,盈餘則贊助兩個股東基金會的生命成長營隊、校園蔬食及種樹護地球等讓促進社會健康與改善環境的活動。目前台灣有機農業已逐漸發展成熟,里仁公司已開始邁向新的策略—結合環境保育與有機農業,期望能讓台灣重要的環境保育區、集水區上游有乾淨的水質與土壤,並利用環境保育商標來凝聚消費者對這塊土地的重視。 對於此經營模式如何複製與擴充,作者認為整合經營模式中利害關係人需求間的交換機制以及善用經營模式的可複製元素是成功關鍵。在個案公司的例子中是將佛家以人為本的普世價值形成強組織文化,將供應商、消費者的需求與供給能夠透過組織力量的媒合進行更有效率的交換。強組織文化在此種商業模式的應用上不可或缺,其為累積社會資本的一大關鍵。另外則是運用社會資本產生一回饋系統。 / Business megatrend has always been an important research target, as it influences on how enterprises compete and create value for their customers. In recnt years, globalization and emerging economies bring environmental impact and competition for natural resources, forcing fundamental and persistant shift in how companies compete. In this research, Leesen Company is used as a case of a social enterprise to illustrate how it creates and utilizes social capital to grow and sustain its business, which provides a reference for social entrepreneurs and researchers to develop new business model that achieves the so called triple bottom lines. Systematic paper review combined with 26 hours of low-structured interview with CEO and director of public relations in Leezen Company, this study aims to summarize and analyze the business model and key success factors. Leezen Company is built for promoting organic agriculture and non-toxic food, trying to make healthy food available for all consumers in Taiwan. Founded by a Buddhist, Leezen company is guided by the Buddhist Sutra “Lamrim Chenmo”, which deeply influences employees’ thoughts and core value. This, in tern, results in higher integration of goals between organization and employees compared to other organization. Key success factors are as follows: Highly coordinated and integrated coporate culture formed through buddsim generates great synergy in supply chain of Tzu-Xin conglomerates, where Leezen Company belongs to, and gains great trust from consumers. Also, the innovation and R&D in food technology created by its persistence in doing the right thing strengthens its competitive advantage in in organic argiculture and non-toxic food. Through providing organic and non-toxic food, Leezen Company creates a healthier environment for consumers and bolsters competitiveness of Taiwanese farmers to sale argicultural product abroad. Revenue goes to sponsor various activities that benefit our mind, health and environment of two shareholder foundations. As the organic industry become more mature these days, Leezen Company starts to adopt a new strategy of combining environmental protection and organic agriculture, expecting to replace traditional agriculture in conseravation aeras and upstream reservoirs. Also, it develops an environmental protection trademark for food grown in those areas, trying to arouse the awareness of more people. The key to replicate and expand this business model lies in how the organization can integrate and exchange its stakeholders’ needs, also how it can make good use of its replicable factors in the business model. In this case, Buddhism shapes strong organizational culture, which increases the efficiency of mediating the needs between suppliers and customers, accumulating its social capital. Further, social capital creates feedback system which makes the business model self-sufficient.
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私營標準於WTO下之法律問題研究-以全球良好農業慣例標準(GlobalGAP Standard)為例 / The Legal Analysis of Private Standards under the WTO Agreements—Taking GlobalGAP Standard for Example

張仁憶, Chang, Jen-Yi Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,由於消費者對於產品安全的重視程度與日俱增,各式各樣的私營標準開始蓬勃發展。這些私營標準雖不具備法律強制力,其所導致的市場排擠效應仍使生產者不得不積極使其產品取得各項私營標準的認證,引發私營標準是否具有實質上強制力並進而影響國際間自由貿易之疑慮。隨著開發中國家自2005年開始於SPS委員會中提出全球良好農業慣例標準對國際自由貿易之負面影響,私營標準之相關法律議題於WTO場域中益發重要,實有研究討論之必要。鑒於私營標準種類、數量之眾,本論文以於WTO下被具體指謫之全球良好農業慣例標準為例,探討全球良好農業慣例標準是否有落入WTO法規範管轄範疇之可能,並透過涉及私營標準議題之食品衛生檢驗與動植物檢疫措施協定、技術性貿易障礙協定與關稅及貿易總協定相關條文的解釋與分析,討論全球良好農業慣例標準與該些規範之關連性及適法性,既而於WTO下甚至WTO以外之國際場域,探究尋求相關貿易衝擊因應之道的可行性,希冀能為私營標準對國際自由貿易體系所帶來的影響及其與WTO之關係進行審視並作出建議。 / In recent years, all kinds of private standards have started to develop prosperously because consumers consider product safety more and more important. Although these private standards are not mandatory, the crowding out effect of markets causing by these standards still makes producers have to achieve relevant certification as far as possible. This situation causes anxiety about the possibility that private standards are de facto mandatory and create trade barriers. While developing countries have stated that GlobalGAP Standard makes bad influence on international trade in the SPS Committees since 2005, the legal issues about private standards become more and more important under WTO regime and need to be studied and discussed. In view of the fact that there are too many kinds of private standards, the thesis takes GlobalGAP Standard for example to discuss whether private standards shall be subject to the rules of WTO Agreements. In order to conduct careful examining and come up with suggestions of the influence on international trade which caused by private standards and the relationship between private standards and WTO, it is necessary to research into the connection between GlobalGAP Standard and WTO rules and the legality of this standard through explaining and analyzing relevant rules which involves the issue of private standards under the SPS Agreement, TBT Agreement, and GATT and to discuss the feasibility of finding the solution to relevant trade impact under WTO regime or other international fields.
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從城鄉差異的觀點,評估台灣鄉村型社區心理衛生中心之服務需求:以社會指標分析、關鍵訊息提供者與社區居民的調查等方法研究雲林縣高農業人口地區為例 / The Needs Assessment for Rural Community Mental Health Centers in Taiwan Based on the Perspectives of Urban-Rural Differences: A Multi-Method Approach including the Social Indicators Analysis, the Survey of the Key Informants and Community Residents in the High Agricultural Areas of Yunlin County

周才忠, Chou, Tsai Chung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以城鄉差異觀點,評估台灣鄉村型社區心理衛生中心之服務需求,具體目的有(1)分析台灣縣市及雲林縣鄉鎮與心理衛生有關之各項社會指標,以驗證社區心理衛生相關問題的城鄉差異性;(2)瞭解雲林縣及其鄉鎮關鍵訊息提供者對高度農業地區各項社區心理衛生問題嚴重程度、問題型式、地理分佈與相關在地服務資源之看法;(3)瞭解雲林縣高度農業人口鄉鎮社區居民對其村落各項相關心理衛生問題嚴重程度、問題型式、社區壓力源、因應方式與求助情形之看法;(4)由社區居民調查結果,抽取鄉村心理衛生相關問題之共同因素,並歸納諸項調查研究與指標分析結果,初步擬定出一「台灣鄉村心理衛生指標系統目錄」。 研究方法採用多方法評估策略。社會指標分析方面,共計分析台灣地區23個縣市24項及雲林縣20個鄉鎮市16項心理衛生相關問題,以比較不同農業人口分群其發生率或盛行率之差異。關鍵訊息提供者調查方面,使用自編問卷分別調查雲林縣30位與二崙與水林兩鄉69位政府單位、民間機構或專業個人等。社區居民調查方面,二崙與水林兩鄉共發出2049份問卷,回收1074份(52.4%),有效問卷為967份(41村、97.6%)。統計方法有描述統計、集群分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、因素分析等。 研究主要發現如下:(1)高度農業人口地區之老年、低教育程度、喪偶、外籍配偶、身心障礙、意外事故死亡、醫事人員平均服務人口數等比例明顯較高,離婚、全般刑案、竊盜、強盜搶奪、暴力犯罪、強制性交等比例則較低。(2)台灣縣市心理衛生相關嚴重問題社會指標之地理分佈概況不明顯,但雲林縣心理衛生相關嚴重問題比例則以高度農業人口的二崙與麥寮兩鄉明顯較高。(3)雲林縣與二崙、水林兩鄉關鍵訊息提供者皆認為人口外移與老化、老人問題(獨居、貧窮、安養等)、電話詐騙等問題比例較高。雲林縣關鍵訊息提供者主觀覺得口湖、台西與四湖為最亟需心理衛生服務的農業鄉鎮。二崙鄉關鍵訊息提供者主觀覺得大庄、楊賢與港後為該鄉最亟需心理衛生服務的村落。水林鄉關鍵訊息提供者主觀覺得水北、塭底與大山為該鄉最亟需心理衛生服務的村落。(4)二崙與水林兩鄉社區居民認為電話詐騙、人口外移、農產經營影響、人口老化、家庭經濟壓力等問題比例較高,青少女母親(含未婚懷孕)、家庭人數眾多、親友與鄰居死亡頻傳、自殺、性侵害、精神疾病、家庭暴力、家庭虐待等比例較低。(5)二崙與水林兩鄉居民認為「社區孤立與無望感」來自人口老化、多孤獨貧窮老人、人口外流嚴重、生活無聊、缺乏休閒娛樂等因素較多,「犯罪被害擔憂與恐懼」來自竊盜、詐騙、嗑藥吸毒等問題較多,「社區憂鬱現象」來自個人與家庭經濟壓力、失業、農業損害或收益等因素較多。(6)二崙與水林兩鄉居民認為其感受社會壓力源以治安惡化為主,農業壓力源以農產收益與自然災害為主,社區壓力源以治安不佳、衛生環境不良、缺乏休閒娛樂等較多,學校壓力源以城鄉差距大、教育與學習資源不足、課業或升學壓力、教育政策多變等較多,家庭壓力源以經濟收入與子女教養為主,個人壓力源以經濟收入、身體健康、工作壓力等較多。(7)二崙與水林兩鄉居民指出習慣(或主要)抒解或因應壓力方法,以「找人聊天」居首,只有6.5%曾求助於親友之外的專業人員。(8)雲林縣現有7個單位或機構(衛生局─社區心理衛生中心與長期照護管理示範中心、社會局─各課、家庭教育中心、台大醫院雲林分院精神科、雲林區心理衛生諮詢服務中心與生命線協會)共提供37個鄉村心理衛生相關服務項目。 本研究由社區居民調查結果,共抽取出七個因素構面並分別命名為「一般社區心理衛生問題」、「農業社區心理衛生問題」、「環境污染」、「經濟壓力」、「居住生活風險」、「犯罪」與「家庭婚姻特性」,並歸納諸項調查研究與指標分析結果,初步擬定出一「台灣鄉村心理衛生指標系統目錄」(5大指標向度,14個指標項目)。 文末,研究者並根據研究結果與國內外相關文獻,分別提出鄉村居民心理健康政策、鄉村心理衛生指標系統、農業危機服務、老人心理衛生、社區孤立與無望感、犯罪被害恐懼、環境污染心理影響、鄉村性別與族群心理議題、鄉村學校之預防功能、鄉村心理衛生服務模式等10項建議。 / The purposes of this thesis were: (1) to analyze the differences of some social indicators related to mental health of Taiwan (23 cities/counties) and Yunlin county (20 townships). (2) to understand the opinions of the key informants about community mental health problems. (3) to survey community residents of agricultural areas about the subjective perceptions of their mental health. (4) to set up a summative index of Taiwan Rural Mental Health indicators System. This research used a multi-method strategy. Data collected in the spring of 2005 included 24 social indicators of 23 cities/counties in Taiwan, and 16 social indicators of 20 cities/township in Yunlin, and questionnaires of 99 key informants and 967 community members of Erh-lun and Shui-lin Township of Yunlin County. Major findings of this study were as follows: (1)Significant differences were found in the social indicators about the numbers of older population, the lower educational status, the widowed, the foreign spouse, and the disabled, the accidental injury-related deaths in agricultural counties. In contrast, urbanized areas had higher rates of the divorced, all criminal case, larceny, robbery and forceful taking, violent crime, rape, and the average number of people serviced by per medical personnel . (2)The geographic analysis in terms of the mental health status and service needs of residents revealed no significant differences among 23 cities/counties, but significant differences among 20 cities/township (Yunlin County), Erh-lun and Mailiao had much more problems. (3)Yunlin County’s key informants indicated that the areas of Kou-hu, Tai-si and Sih-hu have high needs for mental health services. Erh-lun’s key informants indicated that 3 villages have high needs for mental health services. Shui-lin’s key informants indicated that 3 villages have high needs for mental health services. (4)Most respondents of resident sample ranked the following mental health problems as serious: fraudulent telephone calls, out-migrant, farm crisis, being elderly, and family economic hardship. (5)Most respondents of resident sample employed “chatting with others” as stress-relieving or coping method. Besides “family and friends”, only about 6.5% of respondents reported that they sought help from mental health professionals or specialists. (6)To set up the initial rural mental health indicator systems of Taiwan: a summative index consists of 14 items and is divided into five dimensions The recommendations for rural mental health policies, indicator systems, program strategies and rural mental health service delivery issues were also suggested.

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