１９５０年代，中、韓兩國均針對地權不均與惡劣的租佃制度，進行土地改革，中華 民國台灣地區首先改善租佃制度，繼之推行耕者有其田政策。大韓民國則在消除租佃 制與創設自耕農的原則之下，實行農地改革。由於兩國所採取的改進措施有些不同， 而顯示不同的結果，隨著農業環境之變化，而面臨了新的租佃問題。於是筆者乃著眼 兩國之租佃問題之所在與已實行的改進措施，並比較分析相類點與相異點，導出相互 可供借鏡之處，以探尋向後租佃制之改進方向。 租佃制度與各種農業問題相互涉及的範圍相當廣泛，因此，本文的研究範圍限於租佃 制度之實態與已推行的改進措施。採用比較研究法，蒐集相關資料，進行整理分析， 俾能了解兩國的租佃制，並提出改進意見，以供兩國之參考。 第一章導論，分析本論文之研究動機、目的目、方法及範圍。 第二章首先諭論及租佃問題之所在與其改進措施，加以說明租佃制與農地利用關係。 第三、四章探討中、韓兩國之租佃制，分析農地改革前之租佃問題，加以說明其改善 措施與結果。 第五章比較分析，探討農地改革以來租佃制之演變過程與問題之背景等，加以比較兩 國所採用的改進措施與當前課題。 第六章提出改進意見，做為結論與建議。

一、問題緣起、動機： 現金的農業部門出現許多農業發展的瓶頸，例如勞動成本高，規模不經濟而導致農業 所得偏低。部分學者專家認為提高農業所得的有效方法是減少農民轉業。為此便需要 了解目前的地主、佃農對於耕地收入的依賴性。 二、操作性定義： 對地主而言依賴程度＝出租地租金收入/總收入 對佃農而言依賴程度＝承租地產出收入/總收入 對出（承）租地的自由度＝１－依賴程度 三、研究目的： １．地主（佃農）人口統計變數與其依賴度之關係。 ２．地主（佃農）耕地規模變數與其依賴度之關係。 ３．地主（佃農）住屋狀況變數與其依賴度之關係。 ４．地主（佃農）其機器設備變數與其依賴度之關係。 ５．地主（佃農）依賴度對處理出（承）租地之意願。 四、研究方法： 本論文之研究工具為問卷調查與分析，樣本戶數五二０分遍及全省各縣市五四個鄉鎮 。其中地主一０四分、佃農四一六分。至於本研究所採用的分析工具包括，百分比， ’ANOVA’ Gross Tables。 五、研究內容： 本文共分五章，其內容如下概述： 第一章 緒 論 第二章 文獻回顧與理論基礎 第三章 地主對出租耕地依賴程度及其相關因素之研究 第四章 佃農對承租耕地依賴程度及其相關因素之研究 第五章 結論與建議 六、繼續研究的課題

台灣養殖漁業自1970年代起，進入快速成長時期，而在1980年代為台灣養殖漁業全盛時期，造就台灣成為「養蝦王國」、「養殖王國」揚名國際之美名，也為台灣沿海農漁村地區開拓新的漁業契機，而讓農漁民累積不少財富，故當時養殖漁業儼然成為台灣農業結構上重要之一環，對繁榮沿海農村經濟，安定農村社會，極具貢獻。 然而，諷刺的是，1980年代卻也是台灣耕地轉供養殖池之情況快速蔓延的時代，形成台灣沿海逐漸形成養殖區域性發展，卻也因為養殖漁業對於水土資源超限使用下，而超抽地下水而引起地層下陷及地下水體汙染等永世災難及耕地轉供養殖池諸多問題產生，導致環境不永續之後果，值得謀求解決之道。 本研究以質化研究中之個案研究法，以永續發展理念為基礎，運用文獻分析法及深度訪談法交互分析。先探討台灣養殖漁業管理及養殖漁業用地管理制度之演進及衍生出問題；再以宜蘭縣五結鄉季新村、錦眾村個案研究地區，深入探討台灣及宜蘭養殖漁業發展牽動五結鄉養殖區範圍擴散之可能原因及其影響，並就其耕地轉供養殖池之產業營運、違規使用、養殖環境轉變、養殖池棄養等不永續利用問題予以分析，最後提出「台灣養殖漁業與其用地管理制度改進策略」及「五結鄉養殖漁業與用地管理策略」。 經由研究發現，台灣超抽地下水及地層下陷問題最為嚴重之縣市，申請經營養殖漁業竟不需審核地下水之合法用水資格，而經個案地區研究也發現台灣及宜蘭養殖漁業發展牽動五結鄉耕地轉供養殖池之擴散，而經耕地轉供養殖池後，在養殖漁業沒落後，欲將棄養養殖池回復耕作環境困難重重，當地逐漸形成一片荒涼景象。 最後建議政府漁業單位應設計優良養殖環境之制度，即應先規劃養殖生產區並『主動』興建完成養殖專用之進水（海水、地下水）、排水之共同管線系統等相關養殖公共設施，並劃為非都市土地使用分區「養殖漁業生產區」（建議新增非都市土地使用分區），而該分區內之養殖池，有別於一般農地申請做養殖池，不應依據相同之法令規範，應放寬該養殖生產區內養殖池就地合法或是簡易申請程序以方便並快速取得合法養殖之資格，以有效管理養殖漁業減少違規使用情形發生及促進養殖漁業朝向永續發展方向邁進，並促進水土資源永續性利用。另建議政府漁業單位經全面性可行性評估後，認為不適合繼續養殖之地區應投入資源積極輔導該地區轉型，協助並引導該地區轉供較為永續利用之方向（如生態旅遊等）。 / Since 1970's the aquaculture develops rapidly in Taiwan, and becomes pre-vailing as the golden age of the aquaculture fishery in the 1980's. At that time Taiwan is well known of the kingdom of shrimp and aquaculture fishery in the world, and fishermen and farmers near the coast areas gain a new chance of incomes, so aquaculture fishery has become a very important chain of Taiwan's agriculture. It also has great contribution to flourishing village's economy and society stabilization. However, ironically, in 1980's many farms become aquaculture ponds quickly, that result in regional development of aquaculture fishery along the coast of Taiwan gradually, but overuse the resource of water and soil. Tapping groundwater inappropriately causes terrible disaster which lead to land subsi-dence and contamination of groundwater. The conversion of farms to aquacul-ture ponds cause many problems, that leads to environment being not sustaina-ble. There is an urgent need to find out relevant solutions. This research is based on two cases study the ideas of sustainable develop-ment.We adopt the modes of literature review and analysis, and depth interview. Firstly, we inquire into management system of the aquaculture industry and aq-uacultural land and the regarding problems. Secondly, we select the areas of Ji-sin village and Jin-jhong villege in Wujie Township Yilan County , in order to thoroughly inquire into possible reasons and influences that how aquaculture development in Yilan County and Wujie Township lead to the spreading of the areas for aquaculture production zone.Thirdly, we analyse problems of being not sustainable use of resources, such as the operation of the aquaculture pond, violating the rules of farmland use, changes of the cultivation environment, dis-card of aquaculture pond etc. Lastly, we put forth improvement strategies of aquaculture and its land management system both in Wujie Township and Tai-wan. Through the research, we find in counties with the most serious problems of tapping groundwater inappropriately and land subsidence in Taiwan, the gov-ernment doesn't need to examine the legality qualifications of the groundwater use when people apply for aquaculture fishery.We also find that aquaculture development in Yilan and Taiwan result in farmland conversion into aquaculture pond in the areas of Wujie Township . Because it is very difficult to make dis-carding aquaculture pond return to farmland, the region becomes a slice of desolate prospects gradually when the aquaculture decline. Finally, we suggest the Fishery Bureau of Government should design better institution for aquaculture environment. That is, they should plan for aquaculture production zone first and build public facilities of aquaculture fishery, such as the common pipeline system of using sea and groundwater for aquaculture fishery .The government should review the classification of non-urban land usage since the attributes of aquaculture ponds in "Aquaculture Production Zone" are different from others. In order to manage aquaculture fishery effec-tively, we also give some suggestions concerning decrease the occurrence of violating the rules, promoting the aquaculture fishery moving forward to sus-tainable development, and improving the sustainable use of water and soil re-source. We think to simplify application procedure of getting legal qualifications for aquaculture fishery may is not the best way but is an easy way to solve problems currently. Another suggestion is that after comprehensive feasibility evaluations, the Fishery Bureau of Government should actively invest adminis-tration resource to help areas that are not suitable for being use of aquaculture pond transferring to sustainable use, such as ecotourism etc.

我國農業用地實施休耕補貼之相關政策迄今已逾32年，該政策因長期推行，導致大量農田連續休耕及廢耕，致使生產環境惡化及農地資源浪費，龐大的休耕補貼金額不僅侵蝕國家財政亦讓農民產生不勞而獲之錯覺。農委會冀望透過「調整耕作制度活化農地計畫」的政策目標，本研究選取彰化縣福興鄉、芳苑鄉、大城鄉等領取補貼金額將近該縣半數之農業鄉為樣區，目的在於檢視該政策施行是否具有農業多功能性及永續發展，並就計畫產生的問題擬定對策和修正建議。 　　本研究以文獻分析及深度訪談作為研究方法，透過多功能性的多項評估指標檢視研究結果發現：在經濟生產面向中，量化成果達成率極高，活化農地減少影響鄰地耕作，創造小地主大佃農契機，政策執行成果整體偏向經濟生產面；至於社會生活面，則因農村人口老化、青農返鄉誘因不足與耕地取得不易等，不甚彰顯。另於生態環境面，因多施行慣行農法對於環境較不友善。因而，農業多功能性聯合產出特徵不明顯，離農業永續發展目標仍有距離。 　　本研究建議，政府對休耕地活化補貼政策應再作調整，就商品產出面言，加重申報不實罰責及建立政策退場機制，以確保農業競爭力，並考量因地制宜明定復耕作物項目；就非商品產出面言，應排除耕作困難地補貼，增加環境生態或景觀維護補貼，俾利展現農業多功能，實現永續農業目標。 / Taiwan has been subsidizing the fallowing of agricultural land for 32 years. Due to the long period of execution of the fallowing policy, large areas of agricultural land have been continuously fallowed or abandoned, causing the deterioration of production environment and waste of agricultural resources. In addition, the large amount of subsidy has not only eroded the country’s financial situation, but also caused misconception of farmers of reaping without sowing. The Council of Agriculture expects to achieve the policy objective through adoption of “Adjustment of Farming System and Plan of Revitalizing Fallow Agricultural Land.” This study selects half of the agricultural townships receiving subsidies in Changhua County such as Fuxing Township, Fangyuan Township and Dacheng Township as examples. It aims to examine whether or not this policy is able to facilitate agricultural multi-functionality and sustainable development, in order to formulate countermeasures and suggestions. 　　 　This study utilizes literature review and in-depth interviews as research methods. Through various Multi-functional indices, this study discovered the following phenomenon. First, from the perspective of economic production, the extremely high achieving rate for revitailzing fallow farm land reduces the impact on the farming of neighboring fields, and creates opportunity for small landowners to become big tenant-farmers. The outcomes of policy execution are tilted to the economic production. Second, in terms of the aspect of social life, due to the aging population in the farming villages, less incentives for young farmers to return to hometowns and difficulty of acquiring arable lands, it is difficult to manifest results. Last, regarding the ecological environment, owing to the unfriendliness of conventional farming skill, the characteristics of Multi-functional agricultural outputs are unclear. There is a certain distance to go to reach to goal of sustainable agricultural development. 　This study suggests that the government should adjust the Fallow Land Subsidy Policy. As for the output of Commodity outputs, government should aggravate the penalties for false declaration and establish the exit mechanism, in order to keep the competitiveness of Taiwan’s agriculture. It is essential to clearly indicate the replanting items that suits local circumstance. With regard to the Non Commodity outputs, the subsidy for difficult arable land should be abolished. Nevertheless, the subsidy for maintaining environmental ecology and scenery should be increased. These measures can help achieve the Multi-function of agriculture and realize the goal of sustainable agriculture.

我國為配合加入WTO，紓緩日後大量農產品開放進口，對本土農地利用管理與農業生產所帶來的衝擊，政府乃大幅度修正農業發展條例（以下簡稱農發條例），以為因應。該條例及配套法案業於民國八十九年一月四日、六日及十三日經立法院三讀通過，並由總統於同年一月二十六日公布施行。本次農發條例之修正要點，在農地政策方面，主要側重於農地合理的利用、有效地管理與適當的釋出，其中最大的轉變在於調整為「放寬農地農有，落實農地農用」原則，不再限制農地移轉承受人之身份與資格，並有條件地許可農企業法人承受農地。這樣的變革，旨在建立更為開放競爭的耕地買賣市場，增進耕地的流動性，以利農業經營者取得耕地，調整農業經營結構，應值贊同。然而，條文內容有無疏漏不妥？仍有待深入檢討；條文原則性的規定能否落實？尚待相關法令的配合修訂，方能儘速建立合理農地利用、管理與釋出機制，以確保我國的農業發展。 　　緣此，本研究乃就農發條例之研修條文內容，深入探析農地政策與移轉規定之轉變，同時藉由實地調查（問卷調查與深度訪談）及拜訪農政等單位，以瞭解移轉制度變遷之實施現況及其對農業經營之影響程度，並訪察農業經營者之意向及博採各方之想法，據以確實地檢視現行農地移轉制度有關之爭議與問題，再提出研修現行條文、修訂行政命令及研議配合措施等改進意見，冀能有助於促進農地合理利用，並供後續法律修正、執行之參考。最後，再綜合本研究之成果，推衍以下結論： 　　一、調整農地農有制度係時勢潮流，農地農用管理機制應詳加落實。 　　二、實證調查發現，受訪者大抵認同目前農地移轉制度之變革規定，惟對促進農地流動及帶動農業升級助益不大。 　　三、引進農企業法人承受耕地之成效不彰，且牽涉法令繁多，亟待整合修訂。 　　四、制度規則未能公平提供誘因，且未能有效減低執行面之不確定性，應儘速檢討改進並確實執行之。 　　五、農民與農企業法人普遍欠缺對相關法令資訊的瞭解，應加強相關人員之專業訓練與宣傳輔導。 　　此外，在研究過程中，發現仍有相關課題有待未來後續研究，以促使農地更有效利用管理，並能確保農業永續發展，建議如下： 　　一、健全農企業法人承受耕地之管理制度。 　　二、建構重要農業區之區分與保護機制。 　　三、進一步研究農業產銷班與農地利用之關聯性。 / For joining WTO and moderating the impact of the import of agricultural products on agricultural lands use and, management and production, our government reacted by revising the Agricultural Development Act (ADA). The ADA has been revised by the Legislative Yuan on January 4 and promulgated by the Presidential Decree on January 26, 2000. The main point of the revision is to emphasis on reasonable farmland uses, effective management and adequate release of the land regulations in the agricultural policy. The main change is to adjust ADA’s principle from “the right to own and use farmland to be limited to the farmer” to “the release of the restriction on farmland transferee and realization of the substantial farmland uses.” The revision does no longer set a limit to the status and qualification of transferees and permits the transferable rights of agribusiness on some certain conditions. It is approved that the revision is to establish a more open and competitive arable land market, to improve the liquidity of arable lands, to facilitate the acquirement of arable lands for agribusiness, and to adjust the agricultural production structure. However, we should review the completeness and realization of the revised ADA after the promulgation in order to assure the agricultural development. 　　Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis is to probe into the change of the agricultural land policy and transfer regulation from the provisions of the revised ADA, examine the exercising of transfer system change and its influence on agricultural operation, investigate the intention of agricultural managers for reviewing the relative debates and issues, and then offer some advice as references of revision in the future. The conclusion is described as follows: 　　1.It is a trend of the times to adjust the transfer system that the right to own and use farmland is limited to the farmer, and the mechanism of assuring the substantial farmland uses should be realized. 　　2.From empirical research, the interviewees almost agree to the new agricultural land transfer system, but think that it is not useful for accelerating the liquidity and promoting the level of agricultural industry. 　　3.It is not significant on introducing agribusiness to be the transferee of arable lands, and it is necessary for our government to integrate too many relative and complicated laws. 　　4.We should review and implement the revised ADA because the rules themselves cannot provide fair incentives and effectively reduce the uncertainty from exercising it. 　　5.Farmers and agribusinesses lack the knowledge of relative laws, so the government should enhance them the professional training and give them consultant service. 　　In addition, from this research, we also found that some issues need to be studied for effective management of agricultural lands and sustainable development of agricultural industry in the future. 　　1.How to sound the management institution when agribusinesses want to be the transferee of arable lands. 　　2.How to designate important agricultural zones and establish protection mechanism. 　　3.Study the correlation between the agricultural product marketing class and agricultural land uses.