The aim of the current study was to investigate the roles of meta-mood experience on the mood congruency effect in recognizing emotions from neutral facial expressions. For this aim, three scales were translated and adapted to Turkish, namely Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS), State Meta-Mood Scale (SMMS), and Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS). The reliability and validity analyses came out to be satisfactory. For the main analyses, an experimental study was conducted. The experimental design consisted of the administration of the Brief Symptom Inventory, Pre- induction Brief Mood Introspection Scale, Trait Meta-MoodScale, and Basic Personality Traits Inventory in the first step, followed by a sad mood induction procedure and the administration of Post- Brief Symptom Inventory, and State Meta-Mood Scale in the second step. The last step consisted of the administration of the NimStim Set of Facial Expressions. For the main analyses regarding mood congruency only the v mislabelings of neutral faces as sad or happy were considered. The results revealed that among personality traits Agreeableness was negatively associated with perceiving fast displayed neutral faces as sad. After controlling for personality traits / however, unpleasant mood measured before the mood induction procedure was positively associated with perceiving neutral faces as sad. When perceiving slow displayed neutral faces as happy were examined, it was found that anxiety was positively associated with such a bias. After controlling for symptomatology, among personality traits, extraversion and conscientiousness were found to be negatively associated with mislabelling slow displayed neutral faces as happy. Among the evaluative domain of the SMMS, typicality was found to be negatively associated with such a bias / and lastly, among the regulatory domain of the SMMS, emotional repair was found to be negatively associated with mislabelling slow displayed neutral faces as happy.

Adolescents with health disorders experience an increased risk of psychological functioning problems. However, the lack of availability of psychological help and research on methods’ effectiveness in this group is still being extensively discussed worldwide. Theoretical assumptions of the Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), closely related to the ideas of constructivism and systems theory, indicate that therapeutic effect of the model can be viewed as not limited to changes in the problem presented for the therapy, but as having potential of spreading into other areas of psychological functioning. Thus the aim of the dissertation is to estimate the changes in the severity of psychological functioning problems during SFBT among in-patient and out-patient adolescents experiencing mental or physical health disorders. Participants were 12-18 year old out-patients of two primary mental health care centers and in-patients of a rehabilitation hospital (N=131). Treatment group consisted of 23 out-patients and 21 in-patients (control groups accordingly 23 and 28 adolescents). Changes in the severity of problems presented for the therapy were assessed by The Therapist’s Evaluation of Improvement and The Client’s Evaluation of Progress, while the severity of psychological functioning problems and its changes were assessed by Standardized Interview for the Evaluation of Adolescents’ Problems and Checklist of Adolescent Behavior Changes. Results of the study revealed that mental... [to full text] / Sveikatos sutrikimų turintys paaugliai susiduria su padidėjusia psichologinio funkcionavimo problemų rizika. Tačiau dažnai diskutuojama psichologinės pagalbos prieinamumo ir metodų efektyvumo tyrimų šioje grupėje trūkumo problema. Darbe tyrinėjamo į sprendimus sutelkto trumpalaikio konsultavimo (SSTK) prielaidos, kurios glaudžiai siejasi su konstruktyvizmo ir bendrosios sistemų teorijos idėjomis, leidžia galvoti, kad SSTK terapinis poveikis neapsiriboja tik konkrečios problemos sprendimu, bet turi galimybę išsiplėsti į kitas psichologinio funkcionavimo sritis. Tad šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti dėl psichikos ir somatinės sveikatos sutrikimų gydomų paauglių psichologinio funkcionavimo problemų laipsnio kitimą SSTK metu. Tyrime dalyvavo 131 vienoje reabilitacijos ligoninėje ir dviejuose pirminės psichikos sveikatos priežiūros centruose gydomas 12 – 18 m. paauglys. Poveikio grupę sudarė 23 PPSPC ir 21 reabilitacinės ligoninės pacientas (kontrolines grupes – atitinkamai 23 ir 28). Konsultavime sprendžiamų problemų sunkumo pokyčiams vertinti taikyti Kliento vertinamas problemos sprendimo progresas ir Konsultanto vertinamo problemos sprendimo progreso skalė, o psichologinio funkcionavimo problemų laipsniui ir jo kitimui vertinti – Standartizuotas interviu paauglių problemoms įvertinti ir Paauglio elgesio klausimynas. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad psichikos sveikatos sutrikimas paauglių psichologinį funkcionavimą paveikia labiau nei somatinės sveikatos sutrikimas, tačiau savęs... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

<p>Aim: To establish whether a family centered approach to HIV care in which HIV positive adults are counseled on the importance of having their children tested results in the adults bringing their children under the age of five years for testing and or accessing HIV care, and to explore challenges faced by caregivers in bringing children for testing and care.</p>

Background & objective Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Motivational Interviewing (MI) have been the treatment of choice for problem or pathological gambling in the field in Western countries, and their efficacy has been supported by a considerable empirical research. Alternative treatments are little known; and such treatments for minority ethnic populations have been scarce. This study adopted Kazdin‘s procedures for assessing the acceptability of treatments (Kazdin, 1980a, 1980b, 1981) to test alternative treatments of problem or pathological gambling as a part of the broadening of treatment choices. This thesis presented 2009 survey results from counselling service providers in New Zealand on the acceptability of alternative treatments to problem or pathological gambling. The thesis, therefore, reports the responses of counsellors to counselling vignette case examples, not the views of actual clients viewing counselling. Methods The survey pack was distributed to counselling service providers in New Zealand. The survey included descriptions of sixteen vignettes of case examples of counselling treatments. Categories of clients in the vignette case examples included two genders (male, female) and three ethnicities (Pakeha, Maori, and Asian). Four counselling treatment conditions were selected from Solution-Focused Brief Counselling (SFBC), SFBC+Multicultural Counselling (SFBC+MC), Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI). CBT and MI were only administered to Pakeha clients for the purpose of comparison of the alternatives. Two measurements were used. The first a modified Problem Gambling Treatment Evaluation Inventory (TEI) was used to measure the acceptability levels of the alternative treatments for problem or pathological gambling. The Cross-Cultural Counselling Inventory-Revised (CCCI-R) was used for measuring the perceived cross-cultural competency of counsellors depicted in the vignette case examples. Findings Counsellors‘ ratings of the vignette case examples revealed the following findings: Measurement 1: Problem Gambling Treatment Evaluation Inventory (TEI). Overall, 1) The survey results of TEI questionnaires showed significant main effects across the four treatment conditions and the three client ethnicities, and there was no difference according to client genders. 1.1) SFBC+MC and SFBC were slightly more acceptable than CBT, and much more acceptable than MI. 1.2) The TEI scores for Pakeha clients were much higher than for Maori clients, and the scores for the Asian clients were in between. 2) There was a significant interaction effect between the four treatments and the three client ethnicities. 2.1) For Maori clients: SFBC+MC was much more acceptable than SFBC; for Pakeha clients: SFBC+MC was the most acceptable, closely followed by SFBC, CBT, then MI; and for Asian clients: SFBC was more acceptable than SFBC+MC. 2.2) SFBC+MC was most acceptable to Maori clients across all treatments and ethnic groups. 2.3) The variation in acceptability ratings for SFBC was larger than for SFBC+MC in Maori and Asian clients, and less variable in Pakeha. 2.4) Maori clients had the largest mean variation between SFBC and SFBC+MC, and Pakeha clients had the smallest mean variation. Measurement 2: Cross-Cultural Counselling Inventory-Revised (CCCI-R). The survey results of the CCCI-R showed significant main effects across the four treatment conditions and the three ethnicities. 1) The counsellors depicted in the vignette case examples under the SFBC+MC treatment condition were rated with the highest mean competence score and least variability across all the treatments and the ethnicities, the MI treatment condition were rated with the lowest mean score, CBT and SFBC were in between. 2) The counsellors described in the vignette case examples were rated more culturally competent with Pakeha clients and Maori clients than with Asian clients in the vignette case examples, the rating levels for both Pakeha and Maori were similar. 3) The Maori client in the vignette case examples had the largest mean gap between SFBC and SFBC+MC, and Pakeha client in the vignette case examples had the smallest mean gap. Clinical implications The tests of the acceptability of alternative treatment for problem or pathological gambling could provide useful information about 1) whether the above alternatives would be recommended or selected by the counselling service providers in their clinical practice, 2) which treatment would be more/less preferred by which ethnic group, 3) whether it would work or be worth the efforts to introduce or promote the above alternatives to the counselling service providers, 4) what needs to be explored for increasing levels of the acceptability of alternative treatment to problem or pathological gambling, 5) adding training in the techniques to counsellors training programme and curricula. The limitation of this study was discussed and future research was suggested.

In attempting to give more years of life to cancer patients, their Quality of Life (QoL) during this time has frequently been compromised. Assessment of patients’ QoL provide nurses with an opportunity to know about the whole range of patients’ needs and desires. These information would be potentially very useful for health care professionals particularly nurses for planning, conducting and evaluating the nursing care of cancer patients. Questionnaire survey research carried out in countries other than Australia identified a varied amount of agreement between cancer patients and nurses about cancer patients’ QoL. However, based on the literature review, no research study has been found in Australia that provides a detailed understanding of how nurses and cancer patients are similar or different in their perceptions of cancer patients’ QoL. A research study, therefore, was conducted to answer the following key questions: (a) what differences and/or similarities are there between patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of cancer patients’ QoL; (b) why do these differences and/or similarities exist? A research study with a mixed approach was undertaken to answer the research questions. In the first phase, a survey by questionnaire was conducted. The main aims were to identify: (a) the level of agreement between cancer patients’ and nurses’ scores on the World Health Organisation’s Quality of Life Brief questionnaire (WHOQoL-BREF); and (b) variables that may influence the level of agreement between them. Each patient and nurse was invited to complete the WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire, which was considered as an appropriate tool for evaluating cancer patients’ QoL. This questionnaire considers QoL across four domains or dimensions: physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental. In the first phase of the study, 166 cancer patients and 95 nurses were recruited from three major hospitals in Adelaide, South Australia. The patients had a range of cancer diagnoses with breast cancer being the most prevalent. Most patients were being treated as inpatients with chemotherapy being their primary treatment. The mean age of nurses was approximately 37 years and their clinical experience with cancer patients averaged approximately eight years. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) between patients’ and nurses’ scores ranged from ‘poor’ in the social relationship and psychological domains up to ‘moderate’ in the physical domain indicating that generally nurses were different in their perceptions from those of cancer patients. Another major finding of this phase was that nurses underestimated cancer patients’ QoL in the social relationship and environmental aspects, which consisted of more personal and private issues. Having finished the first phase, the second phase was conducted based on the principles of a classical version or mode of grounded theory. The aim here was to include an interpretive perspective and explore the reasons why nurses may differ in their perceptions about cancer patients’ QoL in comparison to cancer patients. In this phase, three cancer patients and 10 nurses took part in semi-structured interviews. Participants were selected from different inpatient and outpatient oncology services and a palliative setting. Differences in patients’ and nurses’ perceptions about cancer patients’ QoL and their implications for nursing clinical practice were discussed further in the light of six important categories found in the second phase including: QoL meanings, QoL aspects, Cues-based QoL assessment; Purpose-based QoL assessment; Facilitators of QoL assessment; and Barriers to QoL assessment. It emerged that QoL has individualised meanings and nurses generally have difficulties understanding their patients’ personal perspective or definition of QoL. Another interpretive outcome that may explain why nurses differed in their perceptions when compared with cancer patients is that nurses’ assessment of cancer patients’ QoL in oncology wards is mainly made during their interaction with patients when providing care. Such an assessment has a focus on physical cues and may not facilitate nurses developing a more holistic picture of cancer patients’ QoL. Participants in the interpretive phase indicated that time limitations, focus on care tasks, and discontinuity of care, all work against nurses developing a more accurate understanding of cancer patients’ QoL. Conversely, it was found that building a relationship and stronger rapport with patients is the main facilitator in improving nurses’ understanding of cancer patients’ QoL.

Volume One, the adult literary novel, Dissection, is a portrayal of the inner world of Anna McBride, a female GP who has been sued for medical negligence. The novel spans the three-month period prior to Anna's mediation meeting with a young male patient, now the plaintiff, and his mother. Central to the writing of Dissection is the rendering of the consciousness of a woman who, in the wake of what she perceives to be a grave error of judgement, unflinchingly questions her worth and her relationships with others. Volume Two, the exegesis, examines various literary techniques (autonomous monologue, narrated monologue and communal narration) used in the representation of the consciousness of female characters in Marie Darrieussecq's 'A brief stay with the living' and Jacinta Halloran's 'Dissection'. With reference to the work of narratologists, Susan Lanser and Dorrit Cohn, these literary techniques are analysed in the context of two contemporary novels that seek to represent women's inner lives.

Zugl.: Freiburg, Univ., Diss., 2004

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GLAUCIA MARGONARI MACHADO.pdf: 1086448 bytes, checksum: d10a26657c63612155eea15a1b58d0ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptive efficiency, before and after an intervention in Brief Psychotherapy Operational in a patient with Diabetes Mellitus type 1. The instruments used were the Preventive Clinical Interview, the Operational Adaptive Diagnostic Scale - EDAO and Brief Psychotherapy Operational - PBO. The design of this research was made by the clinical method combined with descriptive observational method. We conducted a case study of a patient diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus type 1, who underwent eight diagnostic interviews to obtain the clinical diagnosis and then to twelve sessions of Brief Psychotherapy Operational. After six months of the end of the sessions the patient attended an interview for Follow up. The adaptive diagnosis, after the first interviews was: Adaptation Inefficacy, which were detected in situations-problems to be addressed in the PBO was organized and the planning of this intervention. After completion of the PBO and six months after the patient underwent an interview Follow up, in which the diagnostic classification was: Mild Inefficient Adaptation. We conclude that this case study an evolution in the adaptive diagnosis after the intervention in PBO, showing the importance of customer service in Brief Psychotherapy Operational. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia adaptativa, antes e após intervenção em Psicoterapia Breve Operacionalizada em um paciente portador de Diabetes Mellitus tipo1. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Entrevista Clínica Preventiva, a Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada EDAO e a Psicoterapia Breve Operacionalizada PBO. O delineamento desta pesquisa se deu pelo método clínico combinado ao método descritivo observacional. Foi realizado um estudo de caso com um paciente diagnosticado com Diabetes Mellitus tipo1, que foi submetido a oito entrevistas diagnósticas para a obtenção do diagnóstico clínico e em seguida a doze sessões de Psicoterapia Breve Operacionalizada. Após seis meses do término das sessões o paciente participou de uma entrevista de Follow up. O diagnóstico adaptativo, após as primeiras entrevistas foi: Adaptação Ineficaz Severa, no qual foram detectadas as situações-problemas a serem abordadas na PBO e foi organizado o planejamento desta intervenção. Finalizada a PBO e após seis meses o paciente foi submetido a uma entrevista de Follow up, no qual a classificação diagnóstica foi: Adaptação Ineficaz Leve. Conclui-se que neste estudo de caso que houve uma evolução no diagnóstico adaptativo após a intervenção em PBO, mostrando a importância do atendimento em Psicoterapia Breve Operacionalizada.

Introdução: Eventos traumáticos em nossa sociedade, a gravidade dos quadros psicopatológicos que podem advir desses eventos e a dificuldade terapêutica que podem significar levam à necessidade de embasar solidamente as medidas terapêuticas e de prevenção nas características individuais das vítimas de trauma, sendo o Transtorno de Estresse Pós- Traumático (TEPT) o principal transtorno psiquiátrico associado aos acidentes e a violência. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da psicoterapia ultra-breve psicodinamicamente orientada no TEPT e TEA. Método: A amostra foi composta por 27 mulheres que foram atendidas no período de maio de 2008 e novembro de 2009 que completaram pelo menos quatro semanas de tratamento no Núcleo de Estudos e Tratamento do Trauma Psíquico (NET-TRAUMA) do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brasil. 85,2%(23) das pacientes preencheram os critérios para TEPT e 14,8%(4) tinham TEA . As pacientes foram avaliadas antes e após intervenção psicoterápica através das escalas: Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), Inventário Beck de Depressão (BECK), Defense Style Questionaire (DSQ-40), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) Impressão Clínica Global (CGI) e Avaliação Global do Funcionamento (GAF). Resultados: Após tratamento houve melhora na sintomatologia das escalas DTS, BECK, CGI E GAF, mesmo controlando para uso de psicofármacos. Com tamanho de efeito elevado na comparação entre as escala no pré e pós-tratamento: CGI d=1,18, GAF d= 1,03, DTS d=0,95 e BDI d=0,9. Houve uma redução da defesa de projeção (p=0,036) e um aumento na defesa humor (p=0,024). Encontramos uma associação positiva entre a diminuição de sintomas de TEPT e a diminuição no escore do fator imaturo (p=0,032 r=0,43). Conclusões: A psicoterapia ultra-breve psicodinamicamente orientada mostrou-se eficaz para o tratamento do TEPT e TEA. Houve melhora na sintomatologia das escalas DTS, BECK, CGI E GAF, mesmo controlando para uso de psicofármacos. / Introduction: Traumatic events in our society, the severity of psychopathology that may result from such events and therapeutic difficulty may mean that lead to the necessity of basing solidly therapeutic measures of prevention and individual characteristics of victims of trauma, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the main psychiatric disorders associated with accidents and violence. Objective: To evaluate the effects of psychotherapy ultra-brief psychodynamically oriented PTSD and ASD. Method: The sample consisted of 27 women who were treated between May 2008 and November 2009 who completed at least four weeks of treatment in the Center for Research and Treatment of Psychic Trauma (NET-TRAUMA), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre ( HCPA), Brazil. 85.2% (23) of patients met criteria for PTSD and 14.8% (4) had ASD. Scales used were: Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), Beck Depression Inventory (BECK), Defense Style Questionaire (DSQ-40), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Results: After treatment there was improvement in symptoms scales DTS, BECK, CGI and GAF, even controlling for use of psychoactive drugs. With such a large effect on the comparison between the scale before and after treatment: d = 1.18 CGI, GAF d = 1.03, d = 0.95 DTS and BDI d = 0.9. There was a reduction in the defense of projection (p = 0.036) and an increase in defense humor (p = 0.024). We found a positive association between the reduction of PTSD symptoms and reduction in score of the immature factor (p = 0.032 r = 0.43). Conclusions: The ultra-brief psychotherapy psychodynamically oriented proved effective for the treatment of PTSD and ASD. There was improvement in symptoms scales DTS, BECK, CGI and GAF, even controlling for use of pharmacological drugs.

O objetivo principal da “investigação de processos” é compreender os mecanismos de ação das psicoterapias. Um dos instrumentos mais utilizados na atualidade para a avaliação do processo das psicoterapias é o Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS). Esta tese teve como objetivo elaborar a versão em português do PQS e utilizá-la para avaliar a relação entre o processo e o resultado na Psicoterapia Psicodinâmica Breve (PPDB). Três artigos foram elaborados, sendo dois estudos empíricos e uma revisão da literatura. O primeiro artigo apresenta a elaboração da versão em português do PQS e sua metodologia inclui tradução, retrotradução, avaliação formal da equivalência semântica dos itens, e discussão dos resultados. Neste artigo o estudo de avaliação da fidedignidade interavaliadores do PQS é também apresentado. O segundo artigo é uma revisão crítica da literatura acerca da aplicabilidade do estudo de caso na pesquisa em psicoterapia. O terceiro artigo analisa o processo de mudança em um caso de PPDB. Os escores do PQS referentes ao processo real foram correlacionados com os protótipos do PQS para a psicoterapia psicodinâmica (PPD) e para a terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC), gerando escores de adesão. Testes t para amostras pareadas verificaram se o processo terapêutico aderiu mais ao modelo ideal PPD do que ao modelo alternativo, TCC. Análises de séries temporais bivariada (Gottman & Ringland, 1981) foram realizadas para avaliar as relações entre a adesão aos protótipos ideais da PPD e da TCC com o progresso terapêutico (reduções nos níveis estimados de sofrimento geral, ansiedade, depressão, somatização e ajustamento social). De modo geral, os resultados indicam que a versão em português do PQS é equivalente em termos semânticos à versão original e apresenta boa fidedignidade interavaliadores (coeficientes variaram entre 0,53 e 0,72 no estudo de fidedignidade relatado no artigo 1, e entre 0,52 e 0,85 no caso principal estudado no artigo 3). O PQS se mostrou capaz de fornecer dados relevantes à realização de um estudo abrangente do processo terapêutico de uma psicoterapia breve. Os achados do estudo de caso revelaram um quadro multifacetado e complexo e estão em consonância com outras pesquisas realizadas nesta linha de investigação que indicam que, na privacidade de seus consultórios, os psicoterapeutas efetivos muitas vezes se distanciam dos modelos ideais das psicoterapias que professam, adaptando suas técnicas às necessidades do contexto. A partir deste trabalho, os pesquisadores brasileiros agora dispõem de um instrumento capaz de fornecer descrições empírica e clinicamente válidas do processo terapêutico de diferentes psicoterapias, e de um modelo para investigar, de forma sistemática e seqüencial, a correspondência entre processos ideais e processos reais das psicoterapias e a sua influência sobre o progresso de tratamento. / The main goal of process studies is to understand how change occurs during treatment, identifying the mechanisms of therapeutic action. Nowadays, one of the most used instruments to assess psychotherapy process is the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS). This thesis aimed to develop the Portuguese version of PQS and to use it in examining the relationship between process and outcome in brief psychodynamic therapy (BPDT). Three articles were prepared, comprising two empirical studies and one literature review. The first article presents the development of the Portuguese version of PQS. Its methodology includes translation, back translation, semantic equivalence appreciation and discussion of results. In this paper, the study of inter-rater reliability of PQS is also presented. The second article reviews the literature about the applicability of case studies in psychotherapy research. The third article analyzes the process of change of a brief psychotherapy single case. PQS ratings of the actual therapy process were correlated with PQS prototypes of ideal psychodynamic therapy (PDT) and ideal cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to derive adherence scores. Paired t tests examined whether the psychotherapy process adhered more closely to ideal PDT than ideal CBT. Bivarate times series analysis (Gottman & Ringland, 1981) were performed to verify relations between adherence to prototypes of ideal PDT and of ideal CBT and therapeutic progress (reductions in estimated levels of general distress, anxiety, somatization, depression and social adjustment). In general, results indicate that the Portuguese version of PQS is semantically equivalent to its original and has adequate inter-rater reliability (coefficients ranged between 0.53 and 0.72 in the study of reliability reported in article 1 and between 0.52 and 0.85 in the case study in the 3rd article). The PQS provided relevant data to perform a comprehensive study of a brief psychotherapy process. The case study findings revealed a multifaceted and complex picture, and are consistent with other studies of this line of research indicating that, in the privacy of their offices, effective psychotherapists, many times, stray away from the ideal model of psychotherapy they profess and adapt their techniques to context needs. From now on, Brazilian researchers have a research tool that provides clinical and empirically significant descriptions of different psychotherapies therapeutic processes. They also have now a model to investigate, in systematic and sequential manner, the correspondence between ideal and real processes, and the influence of the different elements of the process on therapeutic progress.