This paper is an account of the Theatre VCU mainstage production of Pride & Prejudice, in which I played the roles of Mrs. Bennet and of the vocal coach. In order to address the various skill levels of the cast, I planned to coach the production in a manner inspired by immersion language learning programs, with the cast speaking in dialect throughout the rehearsal process so as to learn the necessary vocal skills and to grow together as a theatrical ensemble. When the director of Pride & Prejudice was not receptive to this plan, I had to compromise and adapt while fulfilling my duties as actor and coach. The paper includes my initial ideas, a detailed account of pre-production, rehearsals, and performances, and an analysis of the many lessons I learned about artistic collaboration and the art of dialect coaching for the stage.

(in English): In this thesis several types of temporal verbal constructions in the Egyptian dialect of Arabic are to be discussed. The main focus was headed on the verbal forms connected with the most occuring auxiliary/temporal verbs kān and ba'a. An inextricable part of the thesis was a detailed insight in the theory of Arabic verbs, both in Modern Standard Arabic and Egyptian Dialect. Our aim was to find out the frequency of these verbal forms, comparing their appearance and their contextual embedding. For the purpose of the analysis an original corpus of texts in Egyptian dialect (more than 700 thousands words) was created. The sources of the corpus came almost exclusively from texts of Egyptian bloggers. Last but not least programm PERL served as the tool for our analysis - statistically and contextually allowing working out of all possible combinations of verbal forms in question.

This thesis is devoted to a relatively little explored issue - the social differentiation of literary characters and the transfer of its linguistic means. The language material for exploring this field of translatology was provided by Döblin's novel Berlin Alexanderplatz (1928) and by two translations into Czech (1935 and 1968). We analyzed utterances of two characters. The first one represents a lower social class and criminal environment. In his speech the analysis showed many elements of Berlin urbanolect which were used for his social characterization. The second character represents the Jewish ethnic group. His direct speech contains elements of literary Yiddish, alluding to his Jewish origins. The subsequent utterance analysis of the first character in Czech translations showed an appropriate use of common Czech as a substitute for Berlin urbanolect in both translations. The analysis was set in the context where the usage of nonstandard elements in Czech and translated literature used to be a convention. Both translators followed these conventions successfully. When translating the literary Yiddish in the direct speech of the second character, significant differences in both translations were discovered. In the first translation the Yiddish elements were not replaced. In the second...

(in English): The aim of this thesis, called Portuguese in Macau, is to examine the situation of Portuguese language in the former Portuguese colony. The thesis is divided into several main parts. In order to examine the situation of Portuguese language in detail, a complete understanding of historical development in this territory as well as in China, where it belongs nowadays, is required. The history of Portuguese presence in Macau is outlined in the first chapter. The second chapter focuses on Macau's demographics. Development in number of inhabitants and ethnic composition is described. The chapter also takes account of population age composition, place of birth and religion. As a result of interaction of diverse cultures in Macau peninsula, a specific group of inhabitants has been formed. This community does identify themselves neither with the Chinese majority nor with the Portuguese minority. The chapter tends to define, who these native inhabitants of Macau, the so called filhos da terra, are. The historical formation and the most important characteristics are described. Considering the diverse ethnic composition of Macau's population, we can expect that this fact will be reflected in language situation of the territory. The fourth chapter focuses on language situation. Its first parts...

The present study aims to address the question of how vowel quality varies between rural and town-dwelling male speakers of Irish-English in South Roscommon, Ireland. Previous studies have identified four distinct varieties of Irish-English in Ireland: the Eastern, South &Western, Midland, and Northern varieties, loosely based on the political provinces of Munster, Connaught, Leinster, and Ulster. County Roscommon straddles the provinces of Connaught and Leinster, complicating the presence of phonological features associated with one of two different ‘accent regions’. The last phonological study carried out in Roscommon was by Patrick Leo Henry in 1957. While this was a promising start in assessing regional distinctions, rural ones in particular, the lack of recent studies leaves a sizeable gap that does not address modern changes in the linguistic landscape of Ireland, nor the availability of modern methods of acoustic analysis. In particular, the present study investigates the pre-nasal merging of front unrounded vowels /ɛ/ and /ɪ/, vowel centralization, and a lower /æ/, associated with the Western variety of Irish English. Factors such as supraregionalization lead to my hypothesis that rural speakers will demonstrate higher frequency of the vowel features associated with the Western variety. To assess the frequency of certain vowel sounds, twenty participants were recorded and formant data was extracted for F1 and F2 values of the tokens. It was found that the rural speakers in Roscommon demonstrated a more prominent merger between /ɛ/ and /ɪ/, a lower [æ], and the rural speakers demonstrated an overall trend toward centralization.

Dans cette recherche nous nous intéressons aux professionnels du domaine de la santé qui travaillent à la frontière Uruguay-Brésil. Cet espace est marqué non seulement par une culture « frontalière », mais aussi par le plurilinguisme car deux langues standard telles que l’espagnol et le portugais, ainsi que deux dialectes locaux étant le Portugais Gaúcho da Fronteira et Portugais de l’Uruguay (populairement appelé portugnol) son présents sur ce territoire. C’est exactement dans ce sens que nous cherchons à savoir comment les professionnels de santé travaillent dans un espace si singulier et si complexe. L’objectif de cette recherche est ainsi celui d’étudier l’activité professionnelle et les compétences mises en œuvre par les travailleurs de ce domaine dans le but de mieux répondre aux besoins des patients frontaliers. Nous nous demandons quelles compétences, autres que techniques, sont nécessaires afin d’assurer une prise en charge adéquate et efficace des patients dont le cadre de référence socio-économique, culturel et linguistique peut différer de celui du professionnel. Pour aborder ce sujet, nous avons choisi de travailler avec plusieurs approches, qui bien que différentes, s’avèrent pertinentes pour une compréhension plus holistique de notre objet d’étude. C’est ainsi que nous évoquerons les travaux de l’ergonomie francophone, la théorie des champs conceptuels proposée par Gérard Vergnaud, la didactique professionnelle, la clinique de l’activité et les travaux réalisés dans le domaine de l’interculturalité. En nous situant plus particulièrement dans la perspective historico-culturelle du psychisme, développée par l’école russe de psychologie, et notamment à travers les travaux de Vygotski et de Leontiev, nous étudierons davantage l’activité professionnelle et les compétences qui s’expriment à travers cette activité. Pour cela, nous avons mené cette étude auprès de 208 professionnels, aussi bien uruguayens que brésiliens, en utilisant cinq outils méthodologiques : des observations ethnographiques, un questionnaire, des entretiens informels, des entretiens dits d’instruction au sosie et des entretiens d’autoconfrontation simple. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que les professionnels de santé travaillant dans cet espace frontalier semblent avoir développé des compétences, autres que techniques, afin de proposer une prise en charge plus adéquate et plus efficace. En outre, et à travers les résultats qualitatifs et quantitatifs, nous avons remarqué que ce contexte culturellement et linguistiquement hybride ne viendrait pas tellement rendre difficile l’activité professionnelle. Au contraire, et dans certains cas, il aiderait même à développer d’autres compétences et à prendre des initiatives qui dépassent aussi bien ce qui est attendu par les prescriptions formelles que par les prescriptions propres au métier. / This research focuses on the study of health professionals who work on the border between Uruguay and Brazil. This area is characterized not only by a “culture of the borderlands”, but also by multilingualism because two standard languages (Spanish and Portuguese) as well as two local dialects (Portuguese Gaucho da Fronteira and Uruguayan-Portuguese - popularly called portuñol) are found in this territory. It is in this particular sense that we are trying to understand how healthcare professionals work in such a singular and complex area. The aim of this research is to study these workers’ professional activity and the competences they employ in their domain to better take care of the patients living in the border. We wonder which competences, other than technical, are necessary to these professionals to ensure a suitable and efficient care of the patients whose socio-economic, linguistic and cultural background may differ from theirs. We have chosen to work on this subject using a variety of techniques, which differ greatly but are all relevant in helping us achieve a holistic understanding of the topic we are studying. In this way, we will mention francophone ergonomics, the theory of conceptual fields developed by Gerard Vergnaud, the clinic of activity, and research from the domain of intercultural studies. More specifically using the historical-cultural theory of mind developed by the Russian school of psychology (in particular Vygotski and Leontiev’s work), we will study the professional activity and competences expressed through this activity. For this purpose, we have conducted this study with 208 Uruguayan and Brazilian professionals, using five methodological tools: ethnographic observations, a questionnaire, informal interviews, the so-called instruction to a double, and self-confrontation interviews. The results of this research show that the health professionals who work on that borderland seem to have developed a set of competences, other than technical, in order to provide more suitable and efficient care. Moreover, and in these quantitative and qualitative results, we have noticed that this culturally hybrid context is not an obstacle to their professional activity. On the contrary, in some cases, it is even likely to help them develop other skills and take initiatives that exceed what is demanded by technical requirements as well as their job's requirements.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo as edições fac-similar e semidiplomática justalinear de manuscritos datados do século XIX da cidade de Porto Feliz, e, com base nesses manuscritos, realizar, sucintamente, uma análise codicológica e paleográfica, e, por fim preparar um índice remissivo dos topônimos e antropônimos encontrados nos referidos documentos. Ao todo serão 105 manuscritos compostos por 101 ofícios e 4 atestados. Serão analisados também fatores históricos fundamentais para a formação da cidade de Porto Feliz e, conseqüentemente, de sua variedade lingüística. A partir dessa pesquisa, obtemos dados relevantes para o estudo da formação e expansão do dialeto caipira formado na região ribeirinha do Rio Tietê, e que se expandiu até o centro-oeste do Brasil, mais precisamente até o Estado de Mato-Grosso, por meio das monções. / The present dissertation has for objective the editions fac-similar and semidiplomatic line by line of dated manuscripts of century XIX of the Porto Feliz city and with base in these manuscripts, to make it, briefly, a codicological and paleographic analysis and finally to prepare a remissive index of the place names and antroponyms found in these documents. To all they will be 105 manuscripts composites for 101 offices and 4 certified. It will also be analyzed historical factors essentials for the formation of the Porto Feliz and consequently, of its linguistic variety. From this research, we get relevant dices for the study of the formation and expansion of the rustic dialect formed in the riverside region of the River Tietê and that it expanded until the center-west of Brazil, more necessarily until the Mato Grosso State, by means of the monsoons.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar se o modo de vida da população do século XIX interferia no seu comportamento linguístico. Segundo Amadeu Amaral, as variantes linguísticas presentes nestas populações compunham o dito dialeto caipira. Portanto, para fazermos este estudo, tratamos da história social da região tendo como base os documentos manuscritos datados do século XIX, todos emitidos da própria localidade estudada, que é a região de Tietê. E assim, faremos um estudo de como era formado o meio social destas pessoas, e se este meio social interferia no seu comportamento linguístico. / This works aims to investigate whether the way of life of nineteenth century interfered in their linguistic behavior. According to Amadeu Amaral, linguistic variants present in these populations comprised the rustic dialect mentioned. So to do this survey, we deal with the social history of the region based on the manuscripts documents dating from the nineteenth century, all drawn from the studied area, which is the Tietê region. And so, we will make a study to show now the social environment of these people was formed, and if it interfered in the social linguistic behavior.

A presente tese tem como escopo analisar, na perspectiva da História das Ideias Linguísticas, as concepções linguísticas do gramático João Ribeiro acerca da variedade brasileira do português. Por meio de duas edições da Grammatica Portugueza (curso superior), a 3ª edição de 1889 e a 21ª edição de 1930, pretendemos analisar, metalinguisticamente, duas correntes nos quais estas concepções aparecem: a corrente naturalista na qual constatamos o discurso evolucionista, determinista e positivista acerca do português do Brasil, considerado um dialeto degenerado em relação à língua portuguesa de Portugal, e a corrente culturalista em que o gramático revela-se inovador ao constatar que a variedade brasileira é língua portuguesa também, enriquecida com novas vozes, a indígena, a africana, entre outras que colaboraram para a formação desta língua. No entanto, nossa hipótese é a de que Ribeiro, mesmo sendo inovador, não conseguiu libertar-se das ideias conservadoras ou puristas. Portanto, nossa tese é de que Ribeiro é um gramático conservador, embora tenha introduzido, na edição de 1930 da sua gramática, características próprias do português do Brasil e tenha se revelado um autor inovador em outras obras de natureza não gramatical. / The aim of this thesis is to analyze, within the field of History of Linguistic Ideas, the linguistic conceptions from the grammarian João Ribeiro concerning the Brazilian variety of the Portuguese language. By means of two editions of Grammatica Portugueza (curso superior) - the 3rd edition from 1889 and the 21st edition from 1930 - we intend to analyze, through metalanguage, two currents when these conceptions develop: the naturalist current, when we can verify the evolutionist, determinist and positivist discourse concerning the Brazilian Portuguese language - which had been considered a degenerate dialect in relation to the Portuguese from Portugal - and the cultural current, in which the grammarian reveals himself as being innovative by verifying that the Brazilian variety is the Portuguese language too, enriched with new voices the Indigenous, the African, among others which have contributed to the formation of this language. However, our hypothesis is that Ribeiro, despite being somewhat innovative, could not get out of the conservative or purist ideas altogether. Therefore, our point is that Ribeiro is actually a conservative grammarian, although he introduced, in his grammar of the 1930 edition, idiosyncratic features of the Brazilian Portuguese language and revealed as an innovative author in other pieces of work of non-grammatical nature.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo um estudo sobre o processo de formação e expansão da cultura e dialeto caipira na região de Piracicaba, município do interior do Estado de São Paulo, cuja fundação oficial ocorreu em 1767. Acredita-se que, durante este perído, enquanto as primeiras pessoas, em sua maioria pobre, negros, índios e mestiços, foram se estabelecendo na região, houve um processo de formação e expansão de uma cultura caipira local. Procurou-se assim, tomando como base o estudo de Amaral (1920) além do uso de documentos manuscritos do século XIX e coleta de material oral com moradores idosos da região mencionada, resgatar não apenas a história oficial da fundação de Piracicaba como também resgatar um pouco da história do homem pobre livre desta região / This research has as objective a study about the process of formation and expansion of the culture and caipira dialect in the area of Piracicaba, municipal district of the interior of the State of São Paulo, whose official foundation happened in 1767. It is Believed that, during this period, While the first people, in most of them poor, black, mamelucos and Indians were settling down in the area, there were the process of formationand expansion of a local caipira culture. It was intended, taking as base Amaral\\\'s study (1920) besides the documents here selected and collection of oral material with senior residents of the mentioned area, not just to rescue the official history of the foundation of Piracicaba as well as to rescue a little of the poor and free man of this area