O foco da dissertação é a análise da reescrita em dialeto napolitano do século XVII da obra A tempestade de William Shakespeare realizada por Eduardo De Filippo. O que levou o dramaturgo napolitano a escolher esta e não outra peça do autor inglês foram essencialmente suas afinidades no tratamento de temas como a magia, o sonho, o amor, a família, o poder, o perdão. Eduardo não realizou uma tradução literal da peça inglesa, mas, utilizando uma língua que é uma mistura de dialeto napolitano do século XVII com dialeto napolitano contemporâneo e italiano criou uma Tempestade toda original e pessoal, aparentemente distante do texto shakespeariano / The thesis consists in analyzing the rewriting in XVII century Neapolitan language of William Shakespearian play, The tempest, by Eduardo De Filippo. What made the Neapolitan playwright choose this play, was essentially his affinities in dealing with certain themes, such us: magic, dream, love, family, power, forgiveness. Eduardo did not translate word by word of the English play, but, using a language which is a mixture of XVII century Neapolitan dialect, contemporary and Italian, has created an original and personal Tempest, apparently quite far from the Shakespearian one

A Colônia Tirolesa de Piracicaba, no estado de São Paulo, é formada por dois bairros rurais, Santana e Santa Olímpia, e preserva o dialeto trentino (ali chamado tirolês) desde os anos de sua fundação, entre 1892 e 1893. O dialeto trentino ainda falado pelos descendentes mais velhos da comunidade foi trazido pelos fundadores da colônia, imigrantes saídos de Romagnano, Sardagna, Cortesano, Vigo Meano e Albiano, localidades próximas à cidade de Trento (em alemão, Trient), capital do antigo Principado Episcopal de Trento no interno do domínio austríaco e no Sacro Império Romano-Germânico até 1810, centro cultural e administrativo do Tirol Italiano (em alemão Welschtirol) no governo austro-húngaro de 1864 a 1918, e atual capital administrativa da Província Autônoma de Trento e da Região Autônoma Trentino-Tirol do Sul, pertencente à Itália desde 1919. O presente trabalho propõe analisar os aspectos fonéticos e lexicais do trentino piracicabano em suas duas variantes dialetais, próprias a cada um dos bairros que compõem, juntos, a Colônia Tirolesa de Piracicaba, confrontando algumas de suas principais características com o atual dialeto trentino europeu do Vale do Ádige, na Itália, e apresentando os resultados fonéticos e lexicais do contato linguístico entre o dialeto trentino e o português brasileiro da região de Piracicaba. Acreditamos que as análises servirão para um melhor conhecimento sobre a realidade linguística da colonização tirolesa, bem como para uma compreensão mais abrangente acerca da imigração trentina no interno da comumente chamada imigração italiana no Brasil, demonstrando que aspectos como a identidade, a memória e, sobretudo, a diversidade linguística, são importantes na composição social dos brasileiros. / The two districts of Santana and Santa Olímpia in the city of Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, together constitute the Tyrolean Colony of Piracicaba, which preserves the Trentinian dialect (called tirolés in these areas) since the times of its foundation, between 1892 and 1893. This Trentinian dialect, still spoken by the oldest members of the community, was brought there by the founders of the Colony, immigrants from Romagnano, Sardagna, Cortesano, Vigo Meano and Albiano, small villages near the city of Trent (Trento in Italian or Trient in German) - which served as capital of the former Prince-Bishopric of Trent, in the Austrian circle of the Holy Roman Empire until 1810, then as cultural and administrative center of the Italian Tyrol (Welschtirol in German) during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 1864 to 1918, and finally as the capital of the Autonomous Province of Trent and of the Autonomous Region Trentino-South Tyrol, which belongs to Italy since 1919. The present work aims to analyze the phonetic and lexical aspects of the Trentinian dialect of Piracicaba in its two variants, each one inherent to one of the two neighborhoods which together form the Tyrolean Colony of Piracicaba, comparing some of its main characteristics with the present Trentinian European dialect from the Adige Valley, in Italy, and presenting the phonetic and lexical results of the language contact between the Trentinian dialect and the Brazilian Portuguese in the region of Piracicaba. We believe that these analyses will lead to a better understanding of the linguistic situation of the Tyrolean colonization, as well as a broader comprehension of the Trentinian immigration inside the so called Italian immigration in Brazil, thus demonstrating that aspects such as identity, memory and especially the linguistic diversity are of utmost importance in the social composition of Brazilians.

西日本にある関西弁はたくさん色々な形で標準語と異なる。関西弁は１９７０年代の後に、全国で人気を得た。この社会言語学の研究の目的は現在の関西弁に対する感情を調査することである。これは関西弁の話し手ではなくて日本語の母語話者に配ったアンケートで調査された。質的また量的な分析である。結果は一般的に関西弁に好意的であったが、人気がある理由もいろいろあり、それらをさぐるために歴史的なそして文化的な見方を通して議論する。

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Nous avons commencé cette étude en présentant le peuple bakhtiari, d’Iran, dans toute sa diversité : étude résumée de son histoire, de ses origines et de sa formation ethnique, des espaces où il vit, de son rythme et de ses déplacements puisqu’il pratique la transhumance.Nous avons abordé à partir de ses activités et de son économie la manière dont il se loge, se nourrit, se soigne et les aspects les plus coutumiers de son organisation de vie familiale. Puis nous avons abordé et développé l’étude approfondie de la langue des Bakhtiaris.Nous l’avons étudiée, phonétiquement, donnant des renseignements sur les lettres, les sons et l’organisation du système phonétique de la langue bakhtiari. Puis nous avons développé une étude de la grammaire et de la syntaxe de la langue, telle que nous la connaissons et la pratiquons. Il est important de noter qu’il s’agit d’une langue surtout orale et qu’il n’existe pas d’étude approfondie de cette grammaire tant dans sa morphologie que dans sa syntaxe.Notre étude est donc très importante à ce titre. Nous avons pu la mener parce que pendant des années nous avons enregistré, en vivant au milieu des Bakhtiaris, dans notre famille, des conversations, des sessions avec des conteurs et des poètes, ceux qui gardent la langue vivante et nous permettent de la conserver et de l’étudier… / We begin by presenting the Bakhtiari people of Iran. This study summarises the diversity ofthese people: their history, origins and ethnic formation, the places they inhabit and the cycleof their travels since they began the practice of transhumance.We studied the manner in which operations and economy are incorporated into bakhtiariculture, including the more traditional aspects of the organisation of family life. We thenundertook an in-depth study of the bakhtiari language. We have studied this language and itsevolution from its origins to what we know today. We studied it phonetically usinginformation on letters, sounds and organisation of the phonetic system of the bakhtiarilanguage. We then developed a study of grammar and syntax of the language as we knowand practice it. It is important to note that this is primarily an oral language and there is nocomprehensive study of the grammar in both its morphology and syntax. Therefore, ourstudy is very important in documenting this aspect of the bakhtiari language.We have been able to conduct this study because for years our family have lived alongsidethe Bakhtiari people and we have experienced conversations and meetings with storytellersand poets who keep the language alive and allow us to preserve and study their language…

Fala is a language which is spoken by nearly six thousand people in towns: Valverde del Fresno, Eljas and San Martín de Trevejo, in the Spanish region of Extremadura. The author translates the self-contained body of information about fala in a way that it is possible to describe the sociolinguistic situation in the area of the research. The first part of the thesis concentrates on the introduction of already familiar data, apart from general information the characteristic signs of the fala language are described, there is also the historic overview focusing on the facts that have influenced the development of the language, and further basic propositions about its origin are mentioned. The second part is drawn as the author's sociolinguistic research, in which the local language representation is the main subject and its results are presented in the following work in five defined parts. The aim of this thesis is to find out and describe the attitude of the speakers towards their language representation; additionally opinions of the inhabitants regarding the current status, use and possible teaching of fala are presented. The last part evaluates the role of fala in the process of the creation of one's identity. The work tries to assess the current sociolinguistic situation, discusses the future of...

Les différents dialectes de la langue arabe (DA) présentent de grandes variations phonologiques, morphologiques, lexicales et syntaxiques par rapport à la langue Arabe Standard Moderne (MSA). Jusqu’à récemment, ces dialectes n’étaient présents que sous leurs formes orales et la plupart des ressources existantes pour la langue arabe se limite à l’Arabe Standard (MSA), conduisant à une abondance d’outils pour le traitement automatique de cette variété. Étant donné les différences significatives entre le MSA et les DA, les performances de ces outils s’écroulent lors du traitement des DA. Cette situation conduit à une augmentation notable de l’ambiguïté dans les approches computationnelles des DA. Les travaux décrits dans cette thèse s’inscrivent dans ce cadre à travers la modélisation de l’oral parlé dans les médias tunisiens. Cette source de données contient une quantité importante d’Alternance Codique (AC) entre la langue normative MSA et le dialecte parlé en Tunisie (DT). La présence de ce dernier d’une manière désordonnée dans le discours pose une sérieuse problématique pour le Traitement Automatique de Langue et fait de cet oral une langue peu dotée. Toutefois, les ressources nécessaires pour modéliser cet oral sont quasiment inexistantes. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette thèse consiste à pallier ce manque afin de construire un modèle de langage dédié à un système de reconnaissance automatique pour l’oral parlé dans les médias tunisiens. Pour ce fait, nous décrivons dans cette thèse une méthodologie de création de ressources et nous l’évaluons par rapport à une tâche de modélisation de langage. Les résultats obtenu sont encourageants. / The different dialects of the arabic language have a large phonological, morphological, lexical and syntactic variations when compared to the standard written arabic language called MSA (Modern Standard Arabic). Until recently, these dialects were presented only in their oral form and most of the existing resources for the Arabic language is limited to the Standard Arabic (MSA), leading to an abundance of tools for the automatic processing of this variety. Given the significant differences between the MSA and DA, the performance of these tools fall down when processing AD. This situation leads to a significant increase of the ambiguity in computational approaches of AD.This thesis is part of this framework by modeling the oral spoken in the Tunisian media. This data source contains a significant amount of Code Switching (CS) between the normative language MSA and the Dialect spoken in Tunisia (DT). The presence of the latter in a disorderly manner in the discourse poses a serious problem for NLP (Natural Language Processing) and makes this oral a less resourced language. However, the resources required to model this oral are almost nonexistent. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to fill this gap in order to build a language model dedicated to an automatic recognition system for the oral spoken in the Tunisian media. For this reason, we describe in this thesis a resource generation methodologyand we evaluate it relative to a language modeling task. The results obtained are encouraging.

The current study implements a speech perception experiment that interrogates local perceptions of Spanish varieties in Miami. Participants (N=292) listened to recordings of three Spanish varieties (Peninsular, Highland Colombian, and Post-Castro Cuban) and were given background information about the speakers, including the parents’ country of origin. In certain cases, the parents’ national-origin label matched the country of origin of the speaker, but otherwise the background information and voices were mismatched. The manipulation distinguishes perceptions determined by bottom-up cues (dialect) from top-down ones (social information). Participants then rated each voice for a range of personal characteristics and answered hypothetical questions about the speakers’ employment, family, and income. Results show clear top-down effects of the social information that often drive perceptions up or down depending on the traits themselves. Additionally, the data suggest differences in perceptions between Hispanic/non-Hispanic and Cuban/non-Cuban participants, although the Cuban participants do not drive the Hispanic participants’ perceptions.

Dans l'étude présente, nous avons fait une analyse distributionnelle du ngam, langue sara parlée au Sud du Tchad et au Nord de la République Centrafricaine. L'étude s'est subdivisée en cinq parties:<p>- la phonologie<p>- une description générale des structures du syntagme nominal<p>- une description du nom<p>- un chapitre consacré à l'expression de la qualification en nous basant essentiellement sur la définition de la catégorie des adjectifs qualificatifs<p>- une étude pronominale<p>Le verbe ne fait partie de cette étude, elle fera l'objet d'une publication dans un futur proche. L'annexe comprend un lexique et un texte d'illustration. / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis examines the perfective marker dao in the Nanjiang dialect and traces such usage in history. The morpheme dao in the language variety can be used as perfective marker in a variety of constructions, whereas in the Early Modern Chinese period dao's perfective use was relatively limited: measure phrases are employed to modify either the main verb or the object of a transitive verb. By reflecting on semantic changes of dao taking place in Early Modern Chinese, we suggest that relativization is a key step in the development of dao as an aspectual marker, that is, V(erb) dao O(bject) may be a direct reanalysis of V dao (as a modifier) + Head Noun, different from what is assumed in the literature, the substitution/analogy hypothesis about how the object of a transitive verb is placed after the post-verbal particles like le.