This study contributes to nascent entrepreneurship research by investigating factors on the individual and opportunity levels of analysis that determine the exploitation of innovative venture ideas. As a result of the literature review three theoretical perspectives were chosen to organize the factors: human and social capital, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and domain definition strategy. The analysis of the chosen factors is based on hypotheses formulated on the basis of the literature review concerning the impact of the factors on the performance of nascent entrepreneurs during the discovery process. Empirical data were collected from the survey of 409 nascent entrepreneurs who addressed a public advisory agency in Stockholm area. Research findings show that among all factors, statistically significant predictors of exploitation of venture ideas are social capital in terms of the contact with counselors and number of ties with different actors, planning and marshaling self-efficacy, initial investment, tangibility and innovativeness of the future offerings. As for the direction of relationships, too many ties with different networks and higher planning self-efficacy influence exploitation in a negative way. Among variables related to domain definition strategy, entrepreneurs with innovative venture ideas based on services have higher probability of exploiting their ideas. Those who have made initial investment into the development of venture ideas and have a frequent contact with counselors are more likely to continue exploitation efforts. Of five dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, higher marshaling self-efficacy was shown to positively contribute to the exploitation process. It is especially difficult during the early stages of entrepreneurial process to predict which venture ideas will survive, thus, nascent entrepreneurship assistance should encourage experimentation. Although it is difficult to make generalizations from the study about nascent entrepreneurs in the Stockholm area, it can be advised to encourage the development of new services and enhance the entrepreneurial potential of nascent entrepreneurs by developing their entrepreneurial self-efficacy, especially marshaling self-efficacy.

In this dissertation, Foucault’s methodologies, archaeology and genealogy, are used to explore the links between silence, knowledge and power in the area of therapeutic sexual exploitation. Underpinning this task is Foucault’s theoretical assumption that knowledge is not scientifically constructed through objective and rational methods. Knowledge, under Foucault’s theoretical framework, is influenced by the more obscure conditions of possibility which affect power relations and, therefore, power-knowledge. Therefore, New Zealand’s scientific discourse around therapeutic sexual exploitation is analysed by moving between the discursive and the extra-discursive. This is undertaken to highlight the more obscure conditions of possibility which may have affected the political construction of knowledge and its material effects in the area of therapeutic sexual exploitation. New Zealand’s academic discourse on therapeutic sexual exploitation is examined with reference to the social conditions which have influenced the origins of counselling and psychotherapy in New Zealand. This includes an exploration of the links between counselling and psychotherapy to other New Zealand based psy-professions. In particular, an investigation is conducted as to how disciplinary procedures have been applied to those connected to, and affected by, therapeutic sexual exploitation. This, however, is studied by locating New Zealand’s discourse within an international discourse on therapeutic sexual exploitation. This wider lens shows how New Zealand’s discourse around therapeutic sexual exploitation, as other countries’ discourses on this matter, has developed in response to local social conditions and changing power relations. Through this broader analysis of New Zealand’s discursive formation on therapeutic sexual exploitation one can see the interplay between silence, knowledge and power, and its material effects on the lives on people. This dissertation highlights not only what knowledge-power might be restricting, but also what it might be producing in the area of therapeutic sexual exploitation, the impacts of which, it will be argued, extends well beyond the particular domain under examination.

Sweatshop labor has been condemned by scholars, activists, students and consumers in more developed countries on charges of wrongful exploitation, and a failure to respect the dignity, and basic needs of sweatshop workers. This paper surveys charges against sweatshop labor, and some of the more influential arguments for, and against, rectifying the background structural injustices that perpetuate it. I argue that in certain sweatshop cases, compensating workers below a prima facie morally acceptable level can be most successful in striving towards the duty of beneficence that employers owe to their employees. Therefore, we ought to pursue utility-maximizing acts over others in better alignment with a deontic duty to compensate employees at a certain level. I eventually conclude that this debate is a paradigm example of deontological versus utilitarian moral judgments. Sometimes, utility maximizing acts are morally impermissible. Sometimes, adhering to deontic duties instead of committing a wrong to produce a right is morally required. In the circumstances that I describe, the morally right acts ought to be those that are most successful in maximizing overall utility for the most number of people. This responsibility coincides with acts that may not compensate workers at a prima facie morally acceptable level, but incidentally maximize overall utility, welfare and autonomy for some of the world’s most marginalized and impoverished people.

Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of Classics, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Hafez, Mohammed M. ; Second Reader: Springborg, Robert. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Yemen, al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, Terrorism, Weak States. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-95). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph . D.)--Andhra University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

ix, 120 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Gene duplication underlies the evolution of many protein functions and is a known stimulus for molecular innovation. Many models exist to explain the maintenance of duplicate genes in the genome and the dynamics that drive the evolution of novel protein functions; few if any of these models, however, incorporate knowledge of how protein structures and functions actually evolve. A growing body of work on the historical mechanisms of molecular evolution and the ways in which proteins evolve in the lab has provided profound insights into the ways in which proteins respond to mutation, selection, and drift. Evolutionary models of duplicate gene evolution could greatly benefit from the knowledge gained from these mechanistic studies of protein evolution. My dissertation seeks to address this gap in knowledge by reconstructing the process by which novel steroid signaling pathways evolved after gene duplication. I focus specifically on a class of hormones called corticosteroids--critical regulators of the stress response, metabolism, and immunity--and the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors that mediate the steroid response. Both the enzymes that synthesize corticosteroids and the hormone receptors are the result of ancient gene duplication events, and I make use of methods in phylogenetics, molecular biology, and structural biology to reconstruct the mechanisms and dynamics by which they evolved. This dissertation comprises three separate but complementary studies that illuminate the origins of corticosteroid signaling. In the first project, I show how lineage-specific steroid signaling arose in elasmobranchs as a novel hormone exploited the structural promiscuity of preexistent receptors. Next, I describe how degenerative and stabilizing mutations defined the divergence of the glucocorticoid receptor after gene duplication. And finally, I use phylogenetic and functional analyses to reconstruct the origins of corticosteroid synthesis with the duplication of enzymes in the steroid synthesis pathway. Together, I provide a comprehensive reconstruction of the evolution of corticosteroid signaling. This work also highlights specific evolutionary mechanisms--molecular exploitation, structural and functional promiscuity, degenerative mutations, and stabilizing mutations--that could drive the evolution of novel protein functions after gene duplication. This dissertation includes both previously published and unpublished co-authored materials. / Committee in charge: Patrick Phillips, Chairperson, Biology; Joseph Thornton, Advisor, Biology; William Cresko, Member, Biology; John Postlethwait, Member, Biology; Kenneth Prehoda, Outside Member, Chemistry

No description available.

A prostituição infanto-juvenil tornou-se um fenômeno independente da adulta nos idos de 1990, tanto em nível nacional quanto internacional. Percebida sob os signos da gravidade e da urgência, suscitou denúncias, intervenções e saberes especializados. Na busca por compreender as condições de surgimento desses novos discursos, seus fundamentos e perspectivas hegemônicas acerca da prostituição infanto-juvenil, a presente dissertação percorre quatro etapas. Inicialmente, elabora uma genealogia das três principais fontes brasileiras sobre a exploração sexual na década de mil novecentos e noventa: documentos do CECRIA, a série de reportagens Meninas Escravizadas da Folha de S. Paulo e a CPI da Prostituição Infantil de 1993. Sob inspiração foucaultiana, elabora nova genealogia, agora sobre o sexo, em sua relação com o cristianismo, o direito e as ciências humanas e médicas. Visando a perceber novos olhares sobre a prostituição infanto-juvenil, em seguida ouve prostitutas adultas, uma militante dos direitos das prostitutas e também adolescentes envolvidas com o mercado sexual. A última etapa, de feições ensaísticas, constitui uma tentativa de vislumbrar possibilidades para uma sexualidade mais livre e de apontar trajetórias mais interessantes para a prostituição adulta e infanto-juvenil / The juvenile prostitution became an adult independent phenomenon in the 1990s, both nationally and internationally. Being realized by its gravity and urgency, it aroused denunciations, interventions, and specialized skills. This dissertation covers four stages which aim to understand the conditions in which these new discourses have sprouted as well as their foundations, and the juvenile prostitution perspectives. Initially, it elaborates a genealogy of the three main Brazilian sources about the sexual exploration in the 1990s: documents of the Child and Adolescent Center for Reference, Study and Action (CECRIA); the series of news articles entitled Slaved Girls from Folha de São Paulo; and the investigations conducted by the legislative branch (CPI) about the juvenile prostitution in 1993. Keeping the Foucaultion inspiration, it elaborates a new genealogy, but now about the sex in relation to the Christianity, the human rights, and the medical and human sciences. Some adult prostitutes, a militant of the prostitutes rights, and adolescents involved in the sexual market were heard with the aim of realizing new views on the juvenile prostitution. The last stage, with essayistic features, constitutes an attempt of glimpsing possibilities for a freer sexuality, and of pointing at more interesting paths for the adult and the juvenile prostitution

A prostituição infanto-juvenil tornou-se um fenômeno independente da adulta nos idos de 1990, tanto em nível nacional quanto internacional. Percebida sob os signos da gravidade e da urgência, suscitou denúncias, intervenções e saberes especializados. Na busca por compreender as condições de surgimento desses novos discursos, seus fundamentos e perspectivas hegemônicas acerca da prostituição infanto-juvenil, a presente dissertação percorre quatro etapas. Inicialmente, elabora uma genealogia das três principais fontes brasileiras sobre a exploração sexual na década de mil novecentos e noventa: documentos do CECRIA, a série de reportagens Meninas Escravizadas da Folha de S. Paulo e a CPI da Prostituição Infantil de 1993. Sob inspiração foucaultiana, elabora nova genealogia, agora sobre o sexo, em sua relação com o cristianismo, o direito e as ciências humanas e médicas. Visando a perceber novos olhares sobre a prostituição infanto-juvenil, em seguida ouve prostitutas adultas, uma militante dos direitos das prostitutas e também adolescentes envolvidas com o mercado sexual. A última etapa, de feições ensaísticas, constitui uma tentativa de vislumbrar possibilidades para uma sexualidade mais livre e de apontar trajetórias mais interessantes para a prostituição adulta e infanto-juvenil / The juvenile prostitution became an adult independent phenomenon in the 1990s, both nationally and internationally. Being realized by its gravity and urgency, it aroused denunciations, interventions, and specialized skills. This dissertation covers four stages which aim to understand the conditions in which these new discourses have sprouted as well as their foundations, and the juvenile prostitution perspectives. Initially, it elaborates a genealogy of the three main Brazilian sources about the sexual exploration in the 1990s: documents of the Child and Adolescent Center for Reference, Study and Action (CECRIA); the series of news articles entitled Slaved Girls from Folha de São Paulo; and the investigations conducted by the legislative branch (CPI) about the juvenile prostitution in 1993. Keeping the Foucaultion inspiration, it elaborates a new genealogy, but now about the sex in relation to the Christianity, the human rights, and the medical and human sciences. Some adult prostitutes, a militant of the prostitutes rights, and adolescents involved in the sexual market were heard with the aim of realizing new views on the juvenile prostitution. The last stage, with essayistic features, constitutes an attempt of glimpsing possibilities for a freer sexuality, and of pointing at more interesting paths for the adult and the juvenile prostitution