No description available.

No description available.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 andrighetto_c_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 293280 bytes, checksum: dda49cdd60873926170b0a3b5a781ff1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O ultra-som é utilizado também como uma ferramenta para estimar a área de olho de lombo e a espessura de gordura subcutânea em animais de produção. Os trabalhos sobre o uso do ultra-som são direcionados aos bovinos, portanto é imprescindível estudar esta ferramenta na criação dos bubalinos. Foram utilizados 20 bubalinos, da raça Murrah, castrados, descornados, com idade média inicial de 15 meses. Submeteram-se os animais a quatro tratamentos, abatidos aos 75, 100, 125, 150 dias de confinamento. As medidas realizadas foram área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea do dorso (avaliadas entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas) e a espessura de gordura da garupa, mensuradas pelo ultra-som quando os búfalos atingiram o ponto de abate pelo período de confinamento e, na carcaça após o abate, através da. A área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura do dorso e da garupa, realizadas pelo ultra-som e na carcaça, apresentaram efeito linear crescente (P<0,05). O ultra-som subestimou a área de olho de lombo da carcaça, sendo, a diferença entre as medidas -5,4cm2. A área de olho de lombo para 100kg de carcaça, no último abate foi 27,8cm2 e a espessura de gordura subcutânea do dorso 3,8mm. As correlações medidas pelo ultra-som e na carcaça foram 0,75 (P<0,05) para área de olho de lombo e 0,82 (P<0,05) para espessura de gordura subcutânea no dorso. As características de carcaça medidas por ultra-som, em bubalinos, apresentam boas correlações com as medidas realizadas na carcaça. / The ultrasound is used too as estimate the ribeye and fat thickness. The works about the use of ultrasound are managed to cattle, therefore it is essential to study the use of this tool to raise buffaloes. Twenty castrated, hornless, Murrah buffaloes with average initial age of 15 months old. The buffaloes were separated in four groups that were slaughtered in 75, 100, 125, 150 days of feedlot. The measures were ribeye, back fat thickness (between 12ª and 13ª ribs) and fat thickness in rump, measured by the ultrasound when the buffaloes reached the slaughter point by the feedlot stages and in the carcass at the moment of slaughter. The ribeye, back fat thickness and fat thickness in rump presented linear increase effect (P<.05). The average difference between the ribeye in ultrasound and carcass was 5.4 cm2, we observe that the ultrasound underestimated the ribeye in carcass. The ribeye for 100kg of carcass, the last slaughter was 27.8 cmø and back fat thickness 3.8mm. The increase of fat thickness measure for days in feedlot in carcass and ultrasound was similar between back and rump. The correlations measured by the ultrasound and carcass were 0.75 (P<.05) for ribeye and 0.82 (P<.05) for back fat thickness. The characteristics of the measures in ultrasound showed good correlations with measures at the moment of slaughter of the ribeye and back fat thickness in differents stages of feedlot.

Thesis (M.A.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Anthropology, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Studies were conducted to provide information about bovine spleen and its potential uses in comminuted meat products. Scientific data may generate interest and lead to the better utilization of this valuable source of iron and protein in human nutrition. An effective, economical means of removing capsular and internal connective tissue from splenic pulp was found. Beef spleens were passed through a Beehive deboner with a desinewing head. The process yielded 79.1 percent mechanically separated spleen (MSS) containing 17.0 percent protein, 2.9 percent fat and 762 ppm iron. The effect of mechanical separation on protein quality was determined by protein efficiency ratio (PER). Rats fed MSS and whole spleen diets exhibited significantly greater weight gains than those fed casein. PER values for whole spleen (2.4) and MSS {2.3) were not significantly. different. The PER value of casein (2.5) was significantly higher than that of MSS but not whole spleen. Beef and pork frankfurters were produced with 0, 5, 10 and 15 percent of the meat block being MSS. Substitutions of MSS were made at the expense of the pork portion of the formula. There were no major differences in proximate composition among the treatments. No fatting or peelability problems were experienced. Vacuum packaged frankfurters were held at 2°C and evaluated at 2 week intervals for 6 weeks. Initial frankfurter color, as indicated by internal and external Hunter L values and total and nitroso-heme pigments, intensified linearly with increased MSS. Each product showed significant fading of the external surface and loss of total pigment concentration. Rate and degree of change increased with increased MSS. Internal color of all except the 15 percent product was stable. Significant losses in nitroso pigment occurred in the 5 and 15 percent products. A physical attributes panel noted intensified cured meat color and decreased resilience, binding and overall physical acceptability with increased MSS. Consumer panelists rated all products acceptable for flavor, texture and color. A bi-monthly laboratory taste panel evaluated all frankfurters, except those containing 15 percent MSS, acceptable in flavor, texture, color and overall acceptability during storage. Allo-Kramer shear values verified the trend toward softer frankfurters with increased MSS indicated by the sensory panels. Frankfurters with 5, 10 and 15 percent MSS had 2.2, 3.9 and 4.9 times more iron than the control, respectively. Level of MSS did not influence bacterial numbers in the emulsions or cooked frankfurters. During storage, mesophiles increased whereas psychrophiles and coliforms decreased. No signs of spoilage were observed after 6 weeks storage. Meat patties containing 0, 5 and 10 percent MSS yielded 69 percent after oven broiling. Taste panelists rated all patties acceptable for juiciness, flavor, mouth-feel and overall acceptability. Cooked patties with 5 and 10 percent MSS contained 2.6 and 3.8 times the iron of the all-beef control, respectively. MSS is a valuable source of protein capable of elevating the iron value of comminuted meat products while maintaining consumer acceptability. / Ph. D.

Orientador: Irenilza de Alencar Nääs / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T17:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_AnnaMonteiroCorreia_D.pdf: 727089 bytes, checksum: 35dbabd5e5be44e560b02060dfe791b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O aumento de produção que levou o Brasil a ocupar a posição de segundo maior produtor de frangos de corte do mundo se deve a intensificação de criação. Essa intensificação teve como base vários aspectos que foram cuidadosamente controlados, dentre eles a nutrição e o manejo (sistemas de criação, ambiência, sanidade etc). Atualmente o que se observa em várias partes do mundo é a tendência em produzir frangos de corte, com bem estar animal. Paralelamente no Brasil, vem ressurgindo em nova versão a criação de frangos caipiras. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar índices zootécnicos obtidos durante a produção de dois sistemas de frango de corte em escala comercial (In situ), um intensivo, convencional (granja A) e outro semi-extensivo, caipira (granja B), para verificar as inter-relações entre bem-estar animal, manejo, saúde animal e qualidade da carne. Na granja A foram alojados 14000 pintos enquanto que na granja B foram 7150. Observou-se que frangos da granja A apresentaram mais problemas locomotores: calos de pés, discondroplasia tibial quando comparados com frangos provenientes da granja B. Os frangos da granja A apresentaram alta prevalência de necrose da cabeça do fêmur, melhor conversão alimentar e ganho de peso, embora tenham apresentado maior mortalidade A e B, foram respectivamente 5,32 e 1,34%. Quanto a Salmonella sp. e Mycoplasma sp. não houve presença de frangos reagentes nas duas granjas. Quanto à qualidade da carne em termos físico-químicos, o pH do peito apresentou-se menor significativamente para carcaças de frangos provenientes da granja A, enquanto o pH da coxa não apresentou diferença significativa. A força de cisalhamento da carne de frango proveniente da granja A apresentou-se menor, quando comparada à de carcaças de frangos da granja B (1,972 para carcaças de A e 2,462 para as de B). A capacidade de retenção de água não diferiu entre as carcaçaa provenientes das granjas. Em termos microbiológicos a Salmonella sp. não foi encontrada em nenhuma carcaça de frango, embora a Listeria sp. tenha sido encontrada em 50% das carcaças analisadas. Os frangos da granja B estiveram em melhores condições de bem-estar animal. Com base nesses resultados foi possível estimar que os índices zootécnicos da granja A foram melhores que os da granja B, entretanto os problemas locomotores foram maiores nos frangos provenientes da granja A / Abstract: The increase in production technology was the major factor that lead Brazil to be the second largest world poultry producer. This production technology had the basis several aspects that were carefully controlled, among them nutrition and management (environment, health and rearing systems). Nowadays it is observed a world¿s tendency to produce animal searching good welfare conditions. In parallel in Brazil is growing a new version of extensive produced broilers (free-range broiler). The objective of this study was to evaluate the production indexes from two distinct industrial scale broiler productions (in situ): one intensive (farm A) and other semi-extensive (farm B) for verifying the inter-relations among welfare, management, health and meat quality (14000 broilers in farm A and 7150 broilers in farm B). It was observed that birds from farm A showed more leg weakness (foot burn and tibial dyschondroplasia) when compared with broiler from farm B. The broilers from farm A presented high prevalence of femur necrosis, higher feed conversion, and higher gain weight, although they had presented higher mortality (5,32 in farm A and 1,34% in farm B.). Regarding Salmonella sp and Mycoplasma sp it was not found serological reagent birds in neither of the studied farms. Regarding meat quality (in the physical chemistry analysis) the breast meat pH from farm A¿s birds presented values significantly smaller than the bird¿s carcass from farm B. The shearing force on meat from broiler reared at farm A were smaller than the ones from birds reared at farm B (1,972 farm A e 2,462 farm B).. Water holding capacity did not differ from the carcasses from both farms. In microbiological terms Samonella sp was not found the studied carcasses, however Listeria sp was found in 50% of the analyzed carcasses. About welfare conditions broilers from farm B were better. Based on these results it was possible to estimate that production index was better in farm A than in farm B, however leg weakness problems were higher in broilers from farm B / Doutorado / Construções Rurais e Ambiencia / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Styckares arbete är fysiskt ansträngande och kännetecknas av att vara utpräglat manuellt där den handhållna kniven är det viktigaste verktyget. Arbetet innebär enligt arbetsskadestatistiken hög risk för arbetsrelaterade skador och sjukdomar. Syftet med avhandlingen är att identifiera och utvärdera arbetsmiljöförbättringar som styckningsföretag och anställda styckare i samverkan och under beaktande av systemeffektivitet kan vidta. Ett andra syfte är att ge ett kunskapsbidrag som branschen kan tillämpa i sin framtida arbetsmiljöutveckling. Avhandlingen baseras på det arbete som genomfördes i två forskningsprojekt (STAR respektive SKARP). Dessa bedrevs som en branschintervention, i en interaktiv ansats och med styrgrupper med deltagare från branschorganisationen Kött- och Charkföretagen samt representanter från styckningsföretag och livsmedelsarbetarnas fackförening. De studier som ingår i avhandlingen har huvudsakligen genomförts i reell miljö som kvasi-experimentella fallstudier. Styrgrupperna i projekten samt de aktuella företagen deltog i planering och utvärdering av dem. Resultaten visade att styckningsarbete är så fysiologiskt krävande att många styckare ingående i mätningarna låg över den nivå som rekommenderas för att arbetet skall vara hållbart. Avhandlingen rekommenderar därför att den fysiska arbetsbelastningen på individnivå i styckningsarbete inte ska överstiga 30 Relative Aerobic Strain (RAS), dvs. den andel av sin fysiska förmåga uttryckt i syreupptagning som individen använder i sitt arbete. Vidare visar resultaten att ökad arbetstakt försämrar kvalitet och utbyte samt företagens lönsamhet. En ökad arbetstakt upplevs dessutom negativt av styckarna. Polering av knivarna istället för att slipa dem innebär att kniven kan bli vassare, dess livslängd förlängs och därmed minskar kostnaderna för knivslitage samtidigt som risken för belastningsskador minskar. För den enskilde individens hållbara anställning i styckningsarbete föreslås flera åtgärder: bl.a. att införa ett system för förbättrad knivskärpa där utbildning och teknik för att hålla knivarna vassa ingår samt att organisera arbetet med en anpassning av teknik, arbetstakt och arbetstyngd som främjar styckarnas hälsa. Interaktiviteten i projekten resulterade i ökat samarbete om arbetsmiljön mellan styckningsföretagen och med Arbetsmiljöverket. För att arbetsmiljöförbättrande åtgärder ska bli hållbara samt även ge ett bidrag till företagets lönsamhet bör de ske i samverkan med samt engagera de anställda. / <p>QC 20150630</p>

Orientadores: Pedro Eduardo de Felício, Angélica Simone Cravo Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T11:18:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guizzo_MarianaMasson_M.pdf: 798911 bytes, checksum: d15448b3fe13c02e48078fa86ee4fd74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Um dos maiores desafios do setor produtivo da carne esta relacionado com a alteracao do perfil de acidos graxos atraves da manipulacao da dieta fornecida aos animais. O teor de gordura e a composicao de acidos graxos da carne assumem, atualmente, um papel importante na cadeia produtiva sob influencia das exigencias pelo mercado consumidor. A tendencia atual e a da demanda crescente por alimentos considerados "saudaveis", cujas características principais sao os baixos teores de gorduras saturadas. Porem, a busca de um produto mais atraente ao consumidor pode influenciar de forma positiva e/ou negativa nas caracteristicas de quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaca e da carne. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da nutricao animal sobre as caracteristicas da carcaca e carne de cordeiros, 24 cordeiros machos inteiros, da raca Santa Inesx Dorper foram confinados em baias individuais, separados aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos utilizando sementes oleaginosas nas dietas, sendo os tratamentos contendo caroco de algodao (CA), semente de girassol (SG), grao de soja (GS) e controle (C). Apos 84 dias de confinamento, os cordeiros foram abatidos e, apos 24h o resfriamento, foram realizadas as analises quantitativas da carcaca, e em seguida a desossa e a separacao do musculo Longissimus dorsi para a realizacao das analises de parametros de qualidade da carne. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repeticoes. As dietas com caroco de algodao, semente de girassol e grao de soja, prejudicaram o peso, o rendimento e o comprimento de carcaca na comparacao com a dieta controle. Para as demais características quantitativas e qualitativas, nao houve influencia (P>0,05) dos tratamentos, para as medidas de AOL e EGS, pH, cor, e maciez, perda de peso na coccao e os teores de umidade e lipidios da carne dos cordeiros. Sob o ponto de vista da avaliacao sensorial, houve diferenca estatistica (P<0,05) em relacao a aceitabilidade do aroma, sabor e do produto de modo geral, indicando que os consumidores apresentam maior preferencia por carne de cordeiros confinados com dietas contendo semente de soja e girassol, do que contendo caroco de algodao. O uso do grao de soja aumentou significativamente os teores de acido linoleico (18:2) e CLA na carne, acidos graxos que sao desejaveis para o consumo humano / Abstract: One of the biggest challenges of the meat industry is related to the change in composition of the fatty acid profile by manipulating the diet givere to the animals. Nowadays the fat content and fatty acid composition of meat has an important role in the meat industry due to the influence of the consumer market demands. The current trend is the growing demand for foods deemed "healthy", whose main characteristic is the low saturated fat. However, the search for a product more attractive to consumers can influence in a positive or negative way on characteristics of meat and quantitative or qualitive carcass. With the aim of evaluating the effects of animal nutrition on carcass and ovine meat characteristics, 24 male lambs, . Santa Ines . Dorper breed were housed in individual pens, randomly separated in four treatments using oilseeds into diets, and treatments containing cottonseed (CS), sunflower seeds (SS), soybean (SB) and control (C). After 84 days on the feedlot, the lambs were slaughtered and, after 24h of cooling, were conducted quantitative analyzes of the carcass, and when the carcass was deboned the Longissimus dorsi muscle was separated to perform the meat quality analysis. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and six replications. The diets with cottonseed, sunflower seed and soybean, undermined the weight, yield and carcass length compared to the control diet. For other quantitative and qualitative characteristics, there was no influence (P> 0.05) of treatment, measures to AOL and EGS, pH, color, and softness, weight loss during cooking and the moisture and fat meat lambs. From the point of view of sensory evaluation, there was a statistical difference (P <0.05) relative acceptability of aroma, flavor and overall product, indicating that most consumers have a preference for beef and sheep fed diets containing seed soya and sunflower, which contains cottonseed. The use of soybean significantly increased levels of linoleic acid (18:2) and CLA in the flesh fatty acids that are desirable for human consumption / Mestrado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestra em Tecnologia de Alimentos