In the field of Cinema studies recent and updated studies on Swedish 1930s cinema has been absent. The aim of this thesis is to provide new insights into the period by examining the films starring actor Edvard Persson released between 1930 and 1939. In total the study analyses 17 feature films with Persson in a leading or minor role in how they portray modernity and modernisation. The focus of the research lies on certain aspects of modernity such as machines, borders, class differences, national identity, and the role of women. The goal is to shed new light on Persson’s films in the 1930s and give updated research on a period of Swedish film history that is in need of newer scholarly work.

This study discusses the case of modernising the Southern African Development Community (SADC) regional payments system facilitated by the SADC Payment System Project. The long-term objective is to have harmonised cross-border and inter-bank settlement systems to facilitate the economic activity such as supporting the flow of trade within the SADC region. The SADC Payment System Project purports to have adopted a strategic management process to achieve its mandate. The modernisation process is in line with the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP). The aim of the RISDP is to provide strategic direction with respect to various SADC programmes and activities and to align the strategic objectives and priorities of SADC with the policies and strategies for achieving its long-term goals. The concept of payment, clearing and settlement system is explained to provide the context within which the national payment system fits in the economic system and its role towards economic development. The first objective of the study is to discuss the strategic management process. The objective of the discussion is to reflect how the strategic management theoretical constructs were translated into practice. The second objective of the study is to explore the environmental and country internal factors that are likely to impact on and delay the fully harmonised regional cross-border and inter-bank settlement systems. Although not exhaustive, the identified factors include; - The structural arrangements of country- specific teams that support the modernisation initiatives, - The availability of skills and capacity to harness the implemented systems within each member country in the SADC region. iii - The influence of foreign fund donors, as a result of a possible duplication of efforts, - The repair state of power supply and communication networks, - The supporting legal and regulatory regimes, - The forms of economic systems, - The influence and the extent of trade flows with the SADC region, and - The resilience banking networks in the facilitation of financial information flows within each member country and externally (internationally). The target population of central bank officials who also take an active role in the modernisation of SADC regional payments systems were requested to provide feedback on the prepared questionnaire to address the above factors. The responses provided are summarised in Chapter 5. It was clear from the responses that the identified factors appeared to pose little challenge for respective member countries. However, additional comments by respondents indicated that there is still a lot of groundwork to be covered. There was an evidence of the need for on-going training in payment systems and to improve communication networks and power supply within each member country, especially on the remote country areas/rural areas. Some members also hinted a warning on developing systems, which would have a potential to become white elephants if other sectors are not developed in parallel to the regional payment systems. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / M.B.L.

Text in Afrikaans / Een van die grootste probleme waarmee die prediker in 'n industriele konteks te doen het, is om die evangelie op 'n sinvolle wyse aan die hoarders oor te dra. Die radikale verandering in die samelewing deur die moderniseringsproses, het die homiletiek gedwing om teoreties her te besin. Hierdie moderne homiletiese teorie soos deur H.J.C. Pieterse, T.G. Long en G.D.J. Dingemans verteenwoordig het die volgende belangrike teoretiese aanpassings gemaak: Eerstens, in plaas van die tradisionele beweging van die teks na die hoarders, is die homiletiese proses omgekeer. Die beweging is nou vanaf die hoarder na die teks deur middel van die prediker en weer terug van die teks na die hoorder. Tweedens, hierdie benadering het noodwendig hermeneutiese implikasies gehad. Daarom het die homiletiek die bree aanpak van die moderne kritiese hermeneutiek in diens geneem. Derdens moes 'n nuwe kommunikasieteorie ondersoek word naamlik, die dialogiese kommunikasieteorie van H.J.C. Pieterse en C.J.A. Vos. / One of the greatest problems, with which a preacher in an industrial context have to deal with, is to convey the gospel in a sensible manner to the listeners. The radical change in society caused by the modernisation process, forced homiletics to review its theoretical base. Modern homiletics as represented by H.J.C. Pieterse, T.G. Long and G.D.J. Dingemans, has made the following theoretic adjustments: Firstly, in stead of the traditional movement of the text to the listeners, the homiletical process is revearsed. The movement is from the listener to the text by means of the preacher and back from the text to the listener. Secondly, this approach inevitably has hermeneutic implications. Therefore homiletics has employed the broad approach of modern critical hermeneutics. Thirdly, a new communication theory has to be developed namely, the dialogical communication theory of H.J.C. Pieterse and C.J.A. Vos. The most important theoretical foundation for preaching in an industrial context is the approach of taking the listeners as starting point without neglecting the text. In practice, it brings about that the following topics ask for particular attention: For the understanding and formulating of the message of the Scriptures, the modern critical hermeneutics and the use of metaphors is of the greatest importance. The new understanding of rhetorics which is about conveying the message, must be taken into consideration. The formulating of the message in the language of the listeners has a theoretical influence on the formulating and use of the theological concepts during preaching. The dialogical communication theory is also of great importance, and has dialogue before, during and after the preaching in mind. For it to be fulfilled, preaching work groups is an important component to improve dialogical communication in the congregation. / Practical Theology / D.Th. (Practical theology)

This thesis explores the embodied experiences of the rural population in nineteenth-century France. The prevailing historiography has treated rural bodily culture as a cultural survival swept away by ‘modernisation’ in the nineteenth century. By turning to the lives and words of rural labourers and artisans from the Landes de Gascogne, the thesis questions this account, instead showing ways that popular cultures of the body were flexible traditions, adapted by individuals to meet new needs. It does so through a close focus on the stories, songs, and other oral traditions collected by Félix Arnaudin (1844-1921) in the Grande-Lande between around 1870 and 1914. The thesis focuses on the lives of a few of Arnaudin’s 759 folklore informants, showing both how their bodily experiences were changing during this period, and how songs and stories were creative interventions, designed to shape bodily possibilities from below. The thesis draws attention to the surprising shape of rural experiences of the body, which focused on body parts such as the legs and skin for reasons specific to everyday life, while largely ignoring issues that historians might have assumed would be important, such as religion. It argues that the ordinary men and women who performed stories and sang songs were active agents in constructing their own bodies in response to material conditions of physical illness and disability, as well as a changing environment, changing class relations, or changing sexual norms in the Grande-Lande. The thesis presents an emotional and experiential view of rural bodies with a sensitivity to the different experiences of men and women, young and old, poorer and richer, but emphasizes that the body must be seen in the round, as a unifying concern that links together issues of social class, environmental change, sexual relations, work, disability, and religion.

This thesis presents an exploratory study into the development of digital societies and it examines public sector modernization and innovation from a technology management perspective. The study presents reasons why most city-wide or council-wide development of wireless broadband access networks currently end in failure or are unsustainable. It also suggests its links with wider problems of innovation management and the commercial failure of otherwise technically competent solutions It explores the modernisation of society, government, the underlying theories that influence it as well as the innovations triggered by its wake. The exercise reveals a myriad of innovations; firstly in the modernisation of the infrastructure of government and secondly in the development of societal infrastructure in the form of broadband networks.

This study is an enquiry into the processes shaping rural livelihoods in peripheral areas. The study is situated in the field of livelihood research and departs in the persistent crisis within African smallholder agriculture and in rural policy debates during the postindependence era. The research takes a critical stance to the way that people-centred and actor-oriented approaches have dominated livelihood research, thereby over-shadowing structural and macro-oriented features. The aim of this study is to, through a historical perspective on rural livelihoods and policy regimes, uncover the political and economic processes, with their discursive foundations, that shape contemporary rural livelihoods in peripheral areas. The analytical framework emphasises four key factors: ideas of development and modernity; the terms of incorporation into the global economy; rural policy regimes; smallholders’ ways of making a living. Inspiration is gained from critical political geography, world-systems analysis and different perspectives on rural livelihoods and development. The empirical study is based on fieldwork in Chipata District in Eastern Zambia, investigations at the National Archives of Zambia, the British National Archives and library research. The findings are presented in three parts. The first part looks into contemporary policies and the situation among smallholders in Chipata District. The second part examines the history of the area up to independence in 1964. The third part examines the post-independence period which links colonial experience to the contemporary situation. The findings suggest that smallholders’ livelihoods are shaped by long-term politicaleconomic- discursive processes, rooted in the terms of the study area’s integration into the world-economy in the colonial period. Colonial policies peripheralised the area through tax, labour, and market policies and the creation of native reserves, all of which have led to contemporary problems of food insecurity, soil depletion and a marginal role in agricultural markets. Since the inception of colonial rule, semi-proletarianisation has been a dominant process in the area. Current diversified livelihoods are more a contemporary expression of this semi-proletarianisation than a consequence of postcolonial policies. The households in the study area show preference for a farming way of life. However, the development goal of modernity has since long led to an ‘othering’ of smallholders, labelling them backwards and resistant to change. In the early twenty-first century this ‘othering’ has been played out through a development programme aimed at changing attitudes and mindsets among the farmers in line with individualistic and entrepreneurial behaviour. The ‘othering’ discourses of contemporary and colonial policymakers display striking similarities in this case.

This study discusses the case of modernising the Southern African Development Community (SADC) regional payments system facilitated by the SADC Payment System Project. The long-term objective is to have harmonised cross-border and inter-bank settlement systems to facilitate the economic activity such as supporting the flow of trade within the SADC region. The SADC Payment System Project purports to have adopted a strategic management process to achieve its mandate. The modernisation process is in line with the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP). The aim of the RISDP is to provide strategic direction with respect to various SADC programmes and activities and to align the strategic objectives and priorities of SADC with the policies and strategies for achieving its long-term goals. The concept of payment, clearing and settlement system is explained to provide the context within which the national payment system fits in the economic system and its role towards economic development. The first objective of the study is to discuss the strategic management process. The objective of the discussion is to reflect how the strategic management theoretical constructs were translated into practice. The second objective of the study is to explore the environmental and country internal factors that are likely to impact on and delay the fully harmonised regional cross-border and inter-bank settlement systems. Although not exhaustive, the identified factors include; - The structural arrangements of country- specific teams that support the modernisation initiatives, - The availability of skills and capacity to harness the implemented systems within each member country in the SADC region. iii - The influence of foreign fund donors, as a result of a possible duplication of efforts, - The repair state of power supply and communication networks, - The supporting legal and regulatory regimes, - The forms of economic systems, - The influence and the extent of trade flows with the SADC region, and - The resilience banking networks in the facilitation of financial information flows within each member country and externally (internationally). The target population of central bank officials who also take an active role in the modernisation of SADC regional payments systems were requested to provide feedback on the prepared questionnaire to address the above factors. The responses provided are summarised in Chapter 5. It was clear from the responses that the identified factors appeared to pose little challenge for respective member countries. However, additional comments by respondents indicated that there is still a lot of groundwork to be covered. There was an evidence of the need for on-going training in payment systems and to improve communication networks and power supply within each member country, especially on the remote country areas/rural areas. Some members also hinted a warning on developing systems, which would have a potential to become white elephants if other sectors are not developed in parallel to the regional payment systems. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / M.B.L.

The aim of this dissertation thesis is an analysis of the modernization process during the 1850 - 1938 period in the given region extending from the city of Prague to the regional centre Kolín. The modernization proces is in particular seen in terms of economic history. In the thesis I will analyse demographic and economical development, the building up of the transport, infrastructure, economic elites and partially also some subjects related to democratisation. In addition to the modernization itself, the transformation of the regional structure, mutual relations and development of typologically different settlements will also be assessed. Particular analysis will be done in the frame of the region as well as on selected settlements of Český Brod, Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Kouřim, Pečky and Úvaly. Keywords Modernization / Modernisation, economic, demographic, Region, Urbanization, City, Town, Village, rural, Infrastructure, Elite, Czech, Bohemia

[pt] Tema desta dissertação, o escritor Jorge Luís Borges nasceu em Buenos Aires, centro político-financeiro e capital da Argentina no ano de 1899. Remontando à aurora de seus escritos, o momento de largada de sua produção literária coincide com um intenso processo modernizador em sua cidade natal. Com efeito, frente a uma Argentina que cresce em escala alarmante, Borges em 1921 e aos 21 anos regressa a Buenos Aires após uma temporada de sete anos em solo europeu. Ao chegar se depara com uma cidade profundamente distinta de quando partiu: aumento populacional, imigração maciça e uma inegável transformação no tecido físico da cidade e dos meios de transportes. Estas novas características faziam parte do impulso modernizante que soprara na capital portenha. Por seu turno, Borges engaja-se nas correntes vanguardistas do período e do seu interior fazia ecoar tanto um tom de franco otimismo acerca das recentes possibilidades de intervenção no panorama literário local, quanto numa clave melancólica, um Fervoroso lamento poético sobre a abrupta transformação de sua cidade Buenos Aires.Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o movimento literário do escritor frente às alterações que permitiram um alcance mais amplo para sua prática vanguardista, assim como refletir sobre o sentimento de perplexidade que se deu em seu retorno, ao perceber uma cidade alterada em seus traços primordiais. Desta forma, o entusiasmo de vanguarda será discutido à luz dos manifestos assinados pelo autor e seus textos programáticos de renovação literária. Quanto a outra postura, será analisada pelo Réquiem produzido por Borges em seu primeiro livro de poemas Fervor de Buenos Aires em que o escritor dá ensejo ao movimento de irrealização de uma realidade percebida como estranha com o fito de realizar seu imaginário. / [fr] Thème de cette dissertation, l écrivain Jorge Luis Borges, né en 1899 à Buenos Aires, centre politico-financier et capitale de l Argentine. En reprenant le début de sa production littéraire, on remarque que celui-ci coïncide avec le moment d un intense processus modernisateur dans sa ville natale. En effet, face à une Argentine qui grandit dans des proportions alarmantes, Borges, en 1921, revient à Buenos Aires après un séjour de sept ans sur le sol européen. En arrivant, il sera confronté à une ville profondément distincte de celle qu il a quittée: augmentation de la population, immigration en masse et une inégale transformation dans le tissu physique de la ville et des moyens de transport. Ces nouvelles caractéristiques faisaient partie de l impulsion modernisatrice qui soufflait dans la capitale porteña. À son retour, Borges s engage dans les courants avant-gardistes du moment et y fait aussi bien éclore un ton de franc optimisme quant aux récentes possibilités d intervention dans le panorama littéraire local qu une note mélancolique, une fervente plainte poétique sur l abrupte transformation de sa ville, Buenos Aires.Cette dissertation a pour objectif d`analyser le mouvement littéraire de l écrivain face aux altérations qui ont permis une portée plus ample à sa pratique avant-gardiste, ainsi que réfléchir sur le sentiment de perplexité vécu à son retour, en voyant une ville altérée dans ses traits primordiaux. De cette façon, l enthousiasme de l avant-garde sera discuté à l aide des manifestes signés par l auteur, ainsi que ses textes programmatiques de rénovation littéraire. Quant à l autre posture, elle sera analysée à partir du Requiém produit par Borges dans son premier recueil de poèmes Fervor de Buenos Aires où l écrivain laisse la possibilité au mouvement d irréalisation d une réalité perçue comme étrange avec l intention de réaliser son imaginaire.

In dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich der Autor mit der deutschen Anwaltsorganisation in Form des traditionsreichen Kammermodells. Die anwaltliche Selbstverwaltung durch Rechtsanwaltskammern stellt hierzulande eine besondere Untergliederungsform des Staates dar und verkörpert eine freiheitliche Traditionslinie in der über weite Strecken hierarchisch geprägten Staats- und Verwaltungsorganisation. Dennoch sieht sich das anwaltliche Kammermodell in der Vergangenheit zunehmender Kritik ausgesetzt. Sind die Rechtsanwaltskammern daher möglicherweise als tradierte Relikte deutscher Staatsorganisation zu verstehen? Besteht für die deutsche Anwaltsorganisation ein Modernisierungsbedarf, worin genau liegt dieser und wie ist dies in der Praxis umsetzbar? Hierzu geht der Autor zunächst rechtsvergleichend auf die britische Anwaltsorganisation ein, welche durch den „Legal Services Act 2007“ eine grundlegende Neuordnung erfahren hat und die für die Anwaltsorganisation in den europäischen Mitgliedstaaten insoweit eine Vorreiterstellung einnimmt. Die Anwaltstätigkeit der Solicitors und Barristers ist mittlerweile zur juristischen Dienstleistung in einer „Legal Services Industry“ geworden und die privaten Berufsverbände Law Society und Bar Council haben ihre Regulierungsbefugnisse an den neu eingeführten „Legal Services Board“ verloren, weshalb ihnen fortan originär nur noch die Aufgabe der Interessenvertretung verbleibt. Der Autor unternimmt anschließend den Versuch, praxisnahe Vorschläge für die Modernisierung der Rechtsanwaltskammern zu unterbreiten. Hierzu wird der den britischen Reformen innewohnende „britische Dienstleistungsgedanke“ fruchtbar gemacht und in das anwaltliche Kammersystem implementiert. Im Ergebnis werden die Rechtsanwaltskammern vom Autor als moderne staatliche Dienstleister qualifiziert, denen neben den klassischen Aufgabenbereichen „Regulierung“ und „Interessenvertretung“ unter dem Gesichtspunkt der „Förderung des Berufsstandes“ und im Rahmen des verfassungsrechtlich Zulässigen verstärkt die Aufgabe eines Dienstleisters zugunsten der eigenen Mitglieder zukommen sollte, um deren Zukunfts- und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in einem sich stetig anglisierenden Rechtsberatungsmarkt gewährleisten zu können. / In this work, the author deals with the german lawyers'' organisation in the form of the traditional chamber model. The lawyers'' self-regulation by Bar Associations (“Rechtsanwaltskammern”) in Germany thereby represents a special subdivision of the state and embodies a liberal tradition dominated by authoritarian state structures and administrative organisation. Nevertheless, in the last years the german chamber model has been encountered to an increasing criticism. Have the German Bar Associations therefore to be regarded as traditional relicts of german government organisation? Is there a need to modernise the german lawyer´s organisation, what exactly is this and how is this implemented in practice? According to this, the author processes on comparative law, namely by analising the british lawyer´s organisation, which has been completely reorganised by the "Legal Services Act 2007" and therefore captures a pioneer role according to lawyer´s organisation in the European Member States. Law practice of solicitors and barristers has now become a part of numerous legal services in a "Legal Services Industry" and the lawyer´s associations Law Society and Bar Council have lost their regulatory powers to the newly established "Legal Services Board", meaning that they are from now on only originally responsible for the representation of lawyers´ interests. The author then attempts to submit practical proposals for the modernisation of the German Bar Associations. For this, the british reforms inherent the "british service idea" which is fructified for and implemented in the german chamber system. As a result, the author qualifies the German Bar Associations as modern service providers, which should get strengthened in addition to their traditional mission areas "regulation" and "representation" from the point of "promotion of the profession", meaning to strengthen their task of providing services for their own members within the constitutionally permissible in order to ensure their future and competitiveness in an ever-anglicised German legal services market.