<p><p>Studien avser undersöka hur unga Jehovas vittnen håller sin tro övertygande. Frågeställningar har varit hur de hanterar den mångfald av världsuppfattningar, värderingar och normer som inte är förenliga med Jehovas vittnens lära, hur deras tro bekräftas kontinuerligt samt om de upplever sig skilda från den icke-troende världen. Tre unga Jehovas vittnen har intervjuats för denna studie. Deras svar har relaterats till vad tidigare forskning och sociologiska teorier säger om att hålla tro övertygande, att vara ung och religiös samt om att vara ett Jehovas vittne. Frågeställningar och syfte besvaras genom ett flertal faktorer som träder fram i studien: församlingen utgör en starkt normbildande primärgrupp och utgör en stabil plausibilitetsstruktur. Ungdomarna begränsar sina sociala relationer till främst inom rörelsen. De bekräftar sin tro offentligt genom kyrklig aktivitet. Det framstår som att tron blir övertygande genom att rörelsens normer kommer först för alla vittnen, vilket bygger upp en varaktig plausibilitetsstruktur.</p></p>

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to study the personal problems that can occur when defecting from a destructive cult, and what kind of support you may need from social authorities. The aim is to develop guidelines for social workers who are in contact with sect defectors. It’s a qualitative study based on interviews with six defectors from Jehovah’s witnesses. The results shows that all the defectors that have been interviewed have had anxiety problems, lost contact with friends and relatives, low level of education, and low self esteem when defecting or after. Most respondents have reported that they have had thoughts of suicide. It also occurs that respondents have had eating disorders, psychosomatic problems, drug abuse, lack of knowledge about society and have felt threatened and harassed in connection with the defection. These psychosocial problems that have been ascertained to constitute areas where social authorities should aid sect defectors. In accordance with the purpose of this thesis, guidelines are formed for social workers.</p> / <p>Syftet med undersökningen är att undersöka den personliga problematik som kan uppstå vid avhopp från en destruktiv sekt och de behov av stöd och hjälp man kan behöva ha från sociala myndigheter. Avsikten med studien är att försöka utveckla vägledande anvisningar för socialarbetare som kommer i kontakt med avhoppare. Det är en kvalitativ studie baserad på intervjuer med sex avhoppare från Jehovas vittnen. Resultatet visar att alla de avhoppare som intervjuats hade haft ångestproblematik, förlorat kontakt med vänner och familj, låg utbildningsnivå samt svag självkänsla i samband med avhoppet eller där efter. De flesta respondenterna sagt sig ha haft självmordstankar. Det förekommer även att respondenter säger sig ha haft ätstörningar, psykosomatisk problematik, narkotikamissbruk, bristande kunskap om samhället samt känt sig hotade och trakasserade i samband med avhoppet. De psykosociala problem som intervjupersonerna berättar om liknar det som tidigare studier funnit och som utgör områden där sociala myndigheter bör bistå sektavhoppare. I enlighet med syftet är slutligen vägledande anvisningar utformade för socialarbetare.</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to study the personal problems that can occur when defecting from a destructive cult, and what kind of support you may need from social authorities. The aim is to develop guidelines for social workers who are in contact with sect defectors. It’s a qualitative study based on interviews with six defectors from Jehovah’s witnesses. The results shows that all the defectors that have been interviewed have had anxiety problems, lost contact with friends and relatives, low level of education, and low self esteem when defecting or after. Most respondents have reported that they have had thoughts of suicide. It also occurs that respondents have had eating disorders, psychosomatic problems, drug abuse, lack of knowledge about society and have felt threatened and harassed in connection with the defection. These psychosocial problems that have been ascertained to constitute areas where social authorities should aid sect defectors. In accordance with the purpose of this thesis, guidelines are formed for social workers. / Syftet med undersökningen är att undersöka den personliga problematik som kan uppstå vid avhopp från en destruktiv sekt och de behov av stöd och hjälp man kan behöva ha från sociala myndigheter. Avsikten med studien är att försöka utveckla vägledande anvisningar för socialarbetare som kommer i kontakt med avhoppare. Det är en kvalitativ studie baserad på intervjuer med sex avhoppare från Jehovas vittnen. Resultatet visar att alla de avhoppare som intervjuats hade haft ångestproblematik, förlorat kontakt med vänner och familj, låg utbildningsnivå samt svag självkänsla i samband med avhoppet eller där efter. De flesta respondenterna sagt sig ha haft självmordstankar. Det förekommer även att respondenter säger sig ha haft ätstörningar, psykosomatisk problematik, narkotikamissbruk, bristande kunskap om samhället samt känt sig hotade och trakasserade i samband med avhoppet. De psykosociala problem som intervjupersonerna berättar om liknar det som tidigare studier funnit och som utgör områden där sociala myndigheter bör bistå sektavhoppare. I enlighet med syftet är slutligen vägledande anvisningar utformade för socialarbetare.

Studien avser undersöka hur unga Jehovas vittnen håller sin tro övertygande. Frågeställningar har varit hur de hanterar den mångfald av världsuppfattningar, värderingar och normer som inte är förenliga med Jehovas vittnens lära, hur deras tro bekräftas kontinuerligt samt om de upplever sig skilda från den icke-troende världen. Tre unga Jehovas vittnen har intervjuats för denna studie. Deras svar har relaterats till vad tidigare forskning och sociologiska teorier säger om att hålla tro övertygande, att vara ung och religiös samt om att vara ett Jehovas vittne. Frågeställningar och syfte besvaras genom ett flertal faktorer som träder fram i studien: församlingen utgör en starkt normbildande primärgrupp och utgör en stabil plausibilitetsstruktur. Ungdomarna begränsar sina sociala relationer till främst inom rörelsen. De bekräftar sin tro offentligt genom kyrklig aktivitet. Det framstår som att tron blir övertygande genom att rörelsens normer kommer först för alla vittnen, vilket bygger upp en varaktig plausibilitetsstruktur.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes and perceptions of health care professionals to alternatives to blood transfusion for Jehovah's Witnesses patients in a critical care setting. Methodology: Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to explore the attitudes and perceptions of health care professional to alternatives to blood transfusion, in a critical care setting. The study was conducted in four largest hospitals in the Durban Metropolitan area, of which two were public and two private. A questionnaire was used as tool for collecting data. Space was provided to accommodate comments from the respondents in the questionnaire. Analysis of findings was done quantitatively by using a computer programme called SPSS (Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences), version 11.5. Themes that emerged from the participant's responses were classified under categories in the conceptual framework and analysed qualitatively. Findings: Most of the respondents had mixed feelings about using alternatives to blood transfusion. The study revealed, however, that although alternatives to blood transfusions were commonly used in a critical care setting, some of the respondents did not know about the different types of alternatives available. Furthermore, it was evident from the respondent's comments that most of them had a positive attitude to people who refused blood transfusion and preferred alternatives. Research into suitable alternatives to blood transfusion was encouraged by most of the respondents. However, transfusion transmitted diseases emerged as a current concern over and above the religious concerns. Recommendations for the future were made for the health care professionals working in critical care setting, nurse educators and nursing management. / Thesis (M.N.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2004.

Univ., Diss.-2005--Frankfurt (Main), 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 145 - 172.

The diploma thesis, entitled ?Milevsko. Its history, personalities and historical monuments?, is concerned with a South Bohemian town situated between Tábor and Písek, which is, unfortunately, quite neglected. It outlines the history of Milevsko from prehistory up to the present with respect to the latest research. More attention is paid to the foundation of Milevsko in the twelfth century and the Premonstratensian Monastery because it?s a national cultural monument which has a great importance for the town. The Thesis includes even other historical monuments and attractions which deserve attention. All accessible information about their origin, development, present condition and purpose are compiled in appropriate passages. Both cultural heritage of the town and contemporary relationship of town representatives to this heritage and their effort to restore and preserve it is presented on the basis of bibliography. The other part of the Thesis deals with famous and, till this time, not so famous personalities from this region. Information is obtained from witnesses to history and thanks to their witness it was possible to get less known or unpublished information. More attention was paid to famous personalities, with no monographs so far, because their benefit and importance in various fields are necessary to present and highlight.

The topic of the diploma thesis is ``The Nursing Approach to the Jehovah{\crq}s Witnesses at Medical Treatment Units{\crq}q. The probability of a nurse coming across a Jehovah{\crq}s Witness is considerable. Jehovah{\crq}s Witnesses form a large group within the Czech Republic, and therefore the nursing staff should also be ready to treat patients who belong to this community. All this in compliance with the current trend of applying the thoughts of transcultural/multicultural nursing while treating the patients. The present thesis is a contribution to this very discipline. Its task was to investigate the specifics of the Jehovah{\crq}s Witness community, and what the expectations of their members are when it comes to nursing care. With reference to the specifics and expectations, we attempted to detect the problem situations that may come up when caring for the members of the Jehovah{\crq}s Witness community. All this information was investigated in order to be able to offer culturally sensitive nursing care to the patients who belong to the Jehovah{\crq}s Witness community. For the empiric part of the thesis, four objectives were set that lead to three research questions and three hypotheses. Two research methods were chosen, the qualitative method: a semi-standardized dialogue with the respondents being members of the Jehovah{\crq}s Witnesses; and a quantitative method: a questionnaire for the nursing staff of the medical treatment units. The conception of a Jehovah{\crq}s Witness in general is improved by the division of the information in the dialogue according to the Giger and Davidhizar transcultural nursing assessment model. For further clarification of the problem, questions concerning hospitalization and nursing staff were added. The results of the dialogues were drafted as case reports which were then categorized in transparent tables and charts. The questionnaire contained identification questions and questions clarifying the given problem. The remaining questions were aimed at direct or indirect verification of the hypotheses we have set. The outcome of the questionnaire investigation is introduced using tables and charts. The specifics of the approach of the nursing staff are summarized in a nursing care standard, which can be used by the nursing staff when caring for a client/patient who belongs to the Jehovah{\crq}s Witnesses. The thesis offers information on the Jehovah{\crq}s Witness community, and explains the singularities of the approach of the nursing staff towards them. The outcome of the thesis should serve as study material for the students of nursing disciplines, and at the same time we would appreciate it if it was published to become available to the professional community. The thesis should be a contribution to the improvement of the quality of nursing care.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Text in Afrikaans / In the past, witness statements obtained by or on behalf of a party to a criminal case were protected, from disclosure to the opponent, by privilege. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate whether such claims to privilege are justified and whether openness before and during the trial is not perhaps more important to the interests of justice. The disclosure of witness statements to the defence is a commonly recognized practice all over the world. This practice enhances openness before and during the criminal trial. The arguments against and in favor of such a practice are many, but investigation into these has shown that it is in the interests of justice to disclose such statements to the defence, rather than to deny access. Furthermore, the writer investigates whether it would be in the interests of justice to compel the defence to assist the court in determining the truth. / In die verlede is getuieverklarings wat deur of ten behoewe van 'n party tot 'n strafsaak bekom is deur privilegie beskerm, teen openbaarmaking aan die teenstander. Verskeie argumente is aangevoer om die beroep op getuieverklaring privilegie te regverdig. Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om ondersoek in te stel of sulke aansprake geregverdig is en of openheid voor en gedurende die verhoor nie meer belangrik vir die belang van geregtigheid is nie. Die openbaarmaking van getuieverklarings aan die verdediging is 'n algemeen erkende praktyk regoor die wereld. Hierdie praktyk bevorder openheid voor en tydens die strafverhoor. Die argumente vir en teen so 'n praktyk is baie en 'n ondersoek daarvan dui daarop dat dit in die belang van geregtigheid is om sulke verklarings aan die verdediging te openbaar, eerder as om toegang daartoe te weier. Die vraag is nou of dit nie ook in die belang van geregtigheid is dat die verdediging verplig word om die hof by te staan om die waarheid vas te stel nie. Ten slotte het die skrywer aan die hand gedoen dat partye tot 'n straf saak getuieverklarings gelyktydig voor die verhoor uitruil en ondersoek ingestel of so 'n praktyk in ooreenstemming met die Grondwet van Suid-Afrika 108 van 1996 kan wees. / Law / LL.M.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a admissibilidade do instituto da testemunha técnica, comumente utilizado no direito norte-americano, no procedimento especializado insculpido pela Lei 9.099, de 1995, como forma imediata de efetivação do direito fundamental do acesso à justiça, e, de maneira mediata, como concretização do princípio da proteção à dignidade humana. A Constituição Federal, de 1998, impõe a necessária observância ao princípio fundamental em comento, impondo um rol de direitos fundamentais que, em sua essência, visam assegurar a efetivação daquele mandamento. Dentre os mencionados direitos fundamentais, alguns se aplicam de forma direta às relações processuais. Surge, nesse sentido, o direito fundamental do acesso à justiça com o escopo de prover subsídios necessários à consecução de uma tutela jurisdicional adequada, útil e justa, por meio de um processo que, a partir de sua natureza instrumental, promova a realização de tal finalidade. A criação de procedimentos especializados verifica-se como manifestação do direito fundamental mencionado, e, sendo assim, a lei dos juizados especiais vem fortalecer o referido mandamento. Entretanto, em virtude do princípio da oralidade, a produção probatória nesse procedimento sofre determinadas restrições, o que torna impossível a realização de meios probatórios que comprometam a razoável duração do procedimento estabelecida nos moldes da máxima da oralidade. Assim sendo, este trabalho tem por objeto demonstrar a admissibilidade do instituto da testemunha técnica no procedimento especializado da Lei 9.099, de 1995, em face da necessidade de efetivação do direito fundamental do acesso à justiça. Para a confecção dessa dissertação utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, abrangendo doutrina pátria e estrangeira, bem como a jurisprudência pátria. / The present work has the objective of demonstrating the admissibility of the institution of the technical witness, widely used by North American law, in the specialized procedure inscribed by Law 9.009, of 1995, as an immediate way of accomplishing the fundamental right of access to justice, and, in a mediate way, as the materialization of the principle of human dignity protection. The Federal Constitution, of 1988, imposes the necessary observance of the fundamental principle in comment, imposing a roll of fundamental rights which, in their essence, aim to assure the enforcement of that commandment. Among the fundamental rights we mentioned, some of them apply in a direct way to processual relations. In this sense, the fundamental right of access to justice emerges with the scope of providing the necessary resources to the attainment of an adequate jurisdictional guardianship, useful and just, by means of a process which, from its instrumental nature, promotes the accomplishment of that purpose. The creation of specialized procedures turns out as the manifestation of the mentioned fundamental right, and, thus, the law of special courts strengthens that commandment. However, in virtue of the orality principle, the evidential production in this procedure suffers certain restrictions, which make it impossible the accomplishment of proof that compromisse the reasonable duration of the procedure, established within the framework of the maxim of orality. Therefore, this work has as object the demonstration of the admissibility of the institution of the technical witness in the specialized procedure of Law 9.009, of 1995, in view of the need of accomplishing the fundamental right of access to justice. For the making of this dissertation we used bibliographical research, including national and foreign doctrines, as well as national jurisprudence.