No description available.

The aim of this essay is to examine the eucharist in three denominations of Christianity, namely Svenska kyrkan, Pingst and Jehovah’s witnesses. These groups are examined individually, followed by a comparison of the different views of the eucharist. The information the examination is based on are different official documents provided by the named denominations’ theologians and elders for both members of the church as well as the public. The comparison is followed by a discussion about the relationship between the denominations’ view on eucharist and their ecclesiology, i.e. their view of the church.    The results show that the differences between them are much due to the sources they use to support their claims as well as their individual history. The similarities are found to be due to a general desire to unite all members of the congregation and to let everyone take part in a collective connection with Christ regardless of whether or not the partakers roles in the church. The discussion about the relationship between the three denominations’ relationships between eucharist and ecclesiology show that the eucharist is a somewhat good representation of the general denominations’ views. This conclusion aligns with the view of Scott W. Bullard’s research about the relationship between the eucharist and the church, where the result is that the eucharist is a foundation of the church’s construction and organization.

The aim of this paper is to describe the contradictions of Christian denominations, not dogmatically doctrinal, but generally doctrinal, in terms of how they arise and how they impact the thinking within the respective groups. Two churches were selected for this comparison, the Catholic Church and Jehovah's Witnesses, as representatives of the denominations with the most notable differences. The initial starting point is the history of the two churches, which highlights the cultural and historical conditions under which the two churches were formed. Further work on two cases of conflict, the concept of the Holy Trinity and access to apostolic succession, discusses the basic argumentative practices that apply to both churches. This passage shows that on this level the difference between the two communities is only minimal, the procedures applied by both are consistent. The argument is followed by the interpretative part, which deals with the search for the causes of discrepancies in the diversity of interpretations of the Bible, which was published as a joint authority of both communities from previous argumentation analysis. Finally, this work describes how the differences resulting from different interpretations are involved in the daily life and organization of the Church. A different discourse...

Bien que présent dans les communautés autochtones au Canada depuis le début des années 1930, le jéhovisme chez les Autochtones au Canada n’a pourtant fait l’objet d’aucune étude ethnographique, sociologique ou historique. Ce mémoire a pour but de remédier à ce vacuum en proposant la première étude ethnographique des Témoins de Jéhovah chez les Autochtones au Canada. Plus précisément, cette recherche traite de la présence historique et actuelle des Témoins de Jéhovah dans la communauté anishinabe (algonquine) de Kitigan Zibi (Québec). À partir d’un terrain de recherche ‒ en ligne ‒ s’étant étalé sur une période de 10 mois, je retrace le développement du jéhovisme à Kitigan Zibi en plus de m’intéresser aux raisons pour une personne autochtone de devenir ‒ ou de rester ‒ Témoins de Jéhovah aujourd’hui, ou, à l’inverse, de ne pas devenir Témoins de Jéhovah. Mon analyse démontre que : 1) La conversion des premiers Anishinabeg au jéhovisme à Kitigan Zibi s’inscrit dans un contexte historique particulier (conflits avec les missionnaires oblats, rupture avec le territoire et début de travail salarié comme principale source de revenus des Anishinabeg); 2) De nos jours, la transmission intergénérationnelle de la religion joue un rôle prépondérant dans la reproduction des Témoins de Jéhovah à Kitigan Zibi; 3) La décision de devenir ou de rester Témoins de Jéhovah s’inscrit pleinement dans l’épistémologie algonquine; 4) Dans un contexte de concurrence avec d’autres mouvements religieux, le jéhovisme ne semble plus aujourd’hui répondre aux motivations que les Algonquins sont susceptibles d’avoir. / Although present in Aboriginal communities in Canada since the early 1930s, Jehovism among Aboriginal people in Canada has not yet been the subject of any ethnographic, sociological, or historical study. The purpose of this thesis is to remedy this vacuum by proposing the first ethnographic study of Jehovah's Witnesses among Aboriginal people in Canada. More specifically, this research deals with the historical and current presence of Jehovah's Witnesses in the Anishinabe (Algonquin) community of Kitigan Zibi (Quebec). From an online field of research spanning a period of 10 months, I trace the development of Jehovism in Kitigan Zibi in addition to exposing the reasons for an Indigenous person to become ‒ or to stay ‒ Jehovah's Witnesses today, or, conversely, not to become Jehovah's Witnesses. My analysis shows that: 1) the conversion of the early Anishinabeg to Jehovism at Kitigan Zibi takes place in a particular historical context (conflicts with oblate missionaries, rupture with the territory and the beginning of wage work as the main source of income for the Anishinabeg); 2) Nowadays, the intergenerational transmission of religion plays a major role in the reproduction of Jehovah's Witnesses in Kitigan Zibi; 3) The decision to become or remain Jehovah's Witnesses fits fully into Algonquin epistemology; 4) In a context of competition with other religious movements, Jehovism no longer seems to respond to the motivations that the Algonquins are likely to have.

Text in Afrikaans / This study is about the provision of a prototype court preparation programme for the primary school child that had been sexually assaulted. The programme is developed from a Gestalt approach. Literature regarding several existing court preparation programmes was studied and compared in order to identify certain themes for the child's preparation. Knowledge regarding the court, procedures and the functions of the various role players was conveyed to the child with emphasis on the child's role as witness. The research strategy utilised in the study was that of the intervention research and specifically the D&D-model that comprises six phases. The study incorporates the first three phases plus the first step of the fourth phase. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were utilised to establish which themes could be addressed to support the child towards being a credible witness. These themes are summarised in the court preparation programme and are addressed from the Gestalt approach. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Spelterapie)

Text in English / Every victim wants to see the perpetrator or offender of serious crimes convicted for their criminal actions. Each victim in a case is supported by witnesses and the community in wanting accused persons to be locked away behind bars. Having the accused persons locked away in prison is an achievement of every role player involved in the process of putting that accused where he/she belongs. The ultimate goal of investigation is to see successful bail opposing to ensure the safety of witnesses. There are accused who are released from custody by the court despite many attempts made by an investigator to keep that criminal in custody until trial. Victims and witnesses are struggling to get their offenders punished for the crimes they committed. It is the wish of every investigator of crime to satisfy every complainant in cases but it does not always happen, not because of any lack of skills, but because of many factors which come along with the successful prosecution in a case. Once the accused is released on bail, the chances and hopes of putting him/her back in prison are equal to the chances of getting him/her back in the community for good. This difficulty is caused by the fact that, once the accused is out on bail he/she might evade trial or the docket will be in and out of court for further evidence until the court declines to prosecute. / Criminal and Procedural Law / M.A. (Criminal Justice)

Text in Afrikaans / This study is about the provision of a prototype court preparation programme for the primary school child that had been sexually assaulted. The programme is developed from a Gestalt approach. Literature regarding several existing court preparation programmes was studied and compared in order to identify certain themes for the child's preparation. Knowledge regarding the court, procedures and the functions of the various role players was conveyed to the child with emphasis on the child's role as witness. The research strategy utilised in the study was that of the intervention research and specifically the D&D-model that comprises six phases. The study incorporates the first three phases plus the first step of the fourth phase. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were utilised to establish which themes could be addressed to support the child towards being a credible witness. These themes are summarised in the court preparation programme and are addressed from the Gestalt approach. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Spelterapie)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Text in Afrikaans / In the past, witness statements obtained by or on behalf of a party to a criminal case were protected, from disclosure to the opponent, by privilege. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate whether such claims to privilege are justified and whether openness before and during the trial is not perhaps more important to the interests of justice. The disclosure of witness statements to the defence is a commonly recognized practice all over the world. This practice enhances openness before and during the criminal trial. The arguments against and in favor of such a practice are many, but investigation into these has shown that it is in the interests of justice to disclose such statements to the defence, rather than to deny access. Furthermore, the writer investigates whether it would be in the interests of justice to compel the defence to assist the court in determining the truth. / In die verlede is getuieverklarings wat deur of ten behoewe van 'n party tot 'n strafsaak bekom is deur privilegie beskerm, teen openbaarmaking aan die teenstander. Verskeie argumente is aangevoer om die beroep op getuieverklaring privilegie te regverdig. Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om ondersoek in te stel of sulke aansprake geregverdig is en of openheid voor en gedurende die verhoor nie meer belangrik vir die belang van geregtigheid is nie. Die openbaarmaking van getuieverklarings aan die verdediging is 'n algemeen erkende praktyk regoor die wereld. Hierdie praktyk bevorder openheid voor en tydens die strafverhoor. Die argumente vir en teen so 'n praktyk is baie en 'n ondersoek daarvan dui daarop dat dit in die belang van geregtigheid is om sulke verklarings aan die verdediging te openbaar, eerder as om toegang daartoe te weier. Die vraag is nou of dit nie ook in die belang van geregtigheid is dat die verdediging verplig word om die hof by te staan om die waarheid vas te stel nie. Ten slotte het die skrywer aan die hand gedoen dat partye tot 'n straf saak getuieverklarings gelyktydig voor die verhoor uitruil en ondersoek ingestel of so 'n praktyk in ooreenstemming met die Grondwet van Suid-Afrika 108 van 1996 kan wees. / Law / LL.M.

The aim of the study was to examine the news coverage surrounding Stockholm City Theatre’s former CEO Benny Fredriksson during the metoo-movement, from the time of the accusations against him until a time after his death. The questions examined were: How is Benny Fredriksson represented at the time of the publishing of the accusations and at the time of his death? How are the anonymous witnesses and the journalism represented? How does the representation of victims and perpetrators change after the death of Benny Fredriksson? What are the differences and similarities in the reporting of Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter? To analyze this, we made a discourse analysis of 12 articles from Aftonbladet and 13 articles from Dagens Nyheter. The results showed that the roles of all the characters change during the coverage. At the time of the publishing of the accusations, Benny Fredriksson is represented as an evil dictator that harasses his employees at Stockholm City Theatre. After his death, Benny Fredriksson is represented as a victim of circumstances, helpless and full of anxiety. At first, the witnesses are represented as scared, helpless victims. At the end of the coverage the representation has changed, and the victims are instead represented as perpetrators that are accused of lying. The journalism goes from being represented as investigative journalism to being represented as a media hunt that killed Benny Fredriksson. Overall, Aftonbladet is more defending of the witnesses and the journalism while Dagens Nyheter is more defending of Benny Fredriksson. The study shows that a death can affect the news coverage and consequently how the characters are represented.

Green space is an essential part of the city urbanism. Research dedicated to development of the greenery and emergence of the first public parks contributes substantially to the understanding of urban issues and urban history. Green space has an aesthetic function, but is also a socially stratified space. Every city has its own unique greenery. It is not different in the case of Prague, whose dominant - Prague Castle creates unique linking of urban and green with Petřín and Malá Strana. The thesis "Green spaces in the city, their development and transformation on the example of Prague in the 19th and 20th century" aims to bring the historical development of Prague's greenery, especially the creation of public green space and point out the fact that people commonly accepted phenomenon of public parks was not always a matter of course. Development of green space, the struggle for its development and rescue, employed clubs, societies and individuals and has become one of the priorities for urban policy. Mainly the contemporary guides were used as a source for this work and for describing the emergence of the first public parks in the 19th century and the transformation of types of urban green areas. Other sources featured professional literature, contemporary book- published titles, memoirs, maps,...