Although digital humanities (DH) has received a lot of attention in recentyears, its status as “a discipline in its own right” (Schreibman et al., A companion to digital humanities (pp. xxiii–xxvii). Blackwell; 2004) and its position inthe overall academic landscape are still being negotiated. While there arecountless essays and opinion pieces that debate the status of DH, little researchhas been dedicated to exploring the field in a systematic and empirical way (Poole, Journal of Documentation; 2017:73). This study aims to contribute tothe existing research gap by comparing articles published over the past threedecades in three established English-language DH journals (Computers andthe Humanities, Literary and Linguistic Computing, Digital Humanities Quar-terly) with research articles from journals in 15 other academic disciplines (corpus size: 34,041 articles; 299 million tokens). As a method of analysis, weuse latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling, combined with recentapproaches that aggregate topic models by means of hierarchical agglomera-tive clustering. Our findings indicate that DH is simultaneously a discipline inits own right and a highly interdisciplinary field, with many connecting factorsto neighboring disciplines—first and foremost, computational linguistics, andinformation science. Detailed descriptive analyses shed some light on the dia-chronic development of DH and also highlight topics that are characteristicfor DH.

Thesis summarizes conceptual design of VUT 001 Marabu airplane modification to fulfill CS-22 regulation requirements. Aerodynamical optimalization of wing and horizontal tail geometry is solved. Aerodynamical characteristics, performance and stability is analysed and basic structural design of wing and horizontal tail is performed.

Die vorliegende Arbeit untergliedert sich in drei aufeinander aufbauende Themenkomplexe. Der erste Komplex umfasst Untersuchungen zum Nachweis und zur Quantifizierung von Beugungsanteilen in der ioneninduzierten Elektronenemission (IILEED). Dazu wurden bei der streifenden Streuung schneller He und H -Ionen an Cu(001) energiedispersive zweidimensionale Winkelverteilungen emittierter Elektronen aufgenommen. Es konnten reflexartige Intensitäten in der ioneninduzierten Elektronenemission nachgewiesen werden, deren Raumwinkeländerungen in Abhängigkeit von Anregungsrichtung und Detektionsenergie mittels einer modifizierten Ewaldkonstruktion quantitativ nachvollziehbar sind. Die beobachteten Beugungsstrukturen geben Aufschluss über den ursächlichen elektronischen Anregungsprozess an der Oberfläche. Im zweiten Teil wird die ioneninduzierten Elektronenemission beim Wachstum ultradünner 3d-Übergangsmetallfilme (Co, Fe, Mn) auf Cu(001) untersucht. Die streng zum jeweiligen Wachstumsstadium korrelierten Änderungen der Energiespektren und Anzahlverteilungen emittierter Elektronen (SEE-Oszillationen), sind hauptsächlich auf binäre Stossprozesse der Projektile mit Stufenkanten zurückzuführen. Die SEE-Oszillationen können zur in-situ Wachstumsanalyse und Bedeckungsbestimmung ultradünner Filme herangezogen werden. Im dritten Abschnitt wird eine neue Messmethode zur Analyse komplex rekonstruierter Oberflächenstrukturen vorgestellt. Die Methode der „Ionenstrahltriangulation“ (IST) basiert auf der relativen Änderung der Anzahlverteilung emittierter Elektronen bei azimutaler Drehung der Probenoberfläche. Bestimmt werden die azimutale Richtung und die relative Breite von Oberflächenkanälen in der obersten atomaren Lage. Die Registrierung der pro Streuprozess emittierten Elektronenanzahl eröffnet erstmalig eine quantitative Simulation von IST-Messkurven. Auf dieser Grundlage können mittels IST die lateralen Atompositionen langreichweitig geordneter Oberflächenstrukturen auf mehrere hundertstel Angström genau festgelegt werden. Das hohe strukturanalytische Potential dieser Messmethode demonstrieren IST-Untersuchungen an den Strukturphasen der Systeme Mn/Cu(001) und Fe/Cu(001). / H+ and He+ ions with an energy of 25 keV are scattered under a grazing angle of incidence from a clean and flat Cu(001) surface. For specific azimuthal orientations of the crystal surface with respect to low index directions in the surface plane we observe the ion induced emission of electrons with a conventional LEED (low energy electron diffraction) setup. By operating the instrument in an energy dispersive mode we find intensity distributions of emitted electrons which can unequivocally be ascribed to diffraction effects at the target surface. From this ion induced LEED-reflexes (IILEED) we get important information about the electron excitation- and emission effects during the scattering process. In the second part of this work we investigate the correlation between thin-film growth (Co, Fe, Mn on Cu(001)) and electron emission in the regime of grazing ion scattering. The “rough” surface of uncompleted layers increase the probability of binary collisions of incident ions with individual atoms at the surface. The energy spectras and the number distribution of emitted electrons are substantially influenced by these “violent” collisions and allow us to monitor growth of thin films via simple measurements of target current or from energy spectra of emitted electrons. The method provides excellent signals and is also applicable in the regime of poor layer growth. By making use of ion beam triangulation (IBT), direct information on the atomic structure of thin films and substrate surfaces is obtained. We discuss in the third part of this work a new variant of this method based on the detection of the number of emitted electrons. The data are analyzed via computer simulations using classical mechanics which provides a quantitative analysis with respect to projectile trajectories. This new detection scheme allows the determination of the in-plane structure of reconstructed thin films and surfaces with high precision. The impressed potential of this method is demonstrated by quantitative analysis of the structural phases of Fe and Mn on Cu(001).

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-08T16:59:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 raphaeldasilvaalvim.pdf: 4975859 bytes, checksum: 45288f5cf716f2e219a7c41484f3c591 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-08-09T11:55:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 raphaeldasilvaalvim.pdf: 4975859 bytes, checksum: 45288f5cf716f2e219a7c41484f3c591 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T11:55:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 raphaeldasilvaalvim.pdf: 4975859 bytes, checksum: 45288f5cf716f2e219a7c41484f3c591 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / O agente VX, O-etil metillfosfonotioato de S-2-(diisopropilamino)etila, é um dos principais agentes neurotóxicos e a busca por formas de degrada-lo é consideravelmente importante. Neste trabalho, a hidrólise de um composto organofosforado tipo-VX (metilfosfonotioato de O,S-dimetila, DMPT) pela quimissorção dissociativa na superfície de MgO(001) foi estudada pela teoria do funcional da densidade com condições de contorno periódicas. Um mecanismo de degradação que envolve as reações das moléculas de DMPT e de água foi proposto e investigado em dois tipos de modelos de superfície de MgO(001): terraço e dopada com Al. Conformações, diferenças de energia livre, estados de transição e barreiras de reação foram calculados. Inicialmente, foi verificado que apenas a ligação neurotóxica P-S é quebrada na hidrólise do composto DMPT, que pode ocorrer espontaneamente em todo o intervalo de temperatura analisado (100-600 K). Na quimissorção dissociativa da molécula de DMPT, a formação do intermediário MgO:[PO(CH3)(OCH3)]+[SCH3]− é termodinamicamente menos estável que os produtos de hidrólise a partir da temperatura de aproximadamente 335 K para a superfície dopada com Al, que é muito menor que o mesmo processo calculado no terraço (a partir de 500 K). De acordo com a análise de barreira reacional, a possível reconstituição da ligação P-S não ocorre em ambos modelos de superfície de MgO(001) analisados. Contudo, a barreira de energia eletrônica para a reação de dissociação na superfície dopada com Al é cerca de 49,0 kJ/mol menor do que no terraço. Simultaneamente, o processo de formação dos íons H+ e OH- no terraço de MgO(001) é relevante como a etapa inicial de hidroxilação dessa superfície e faz parte do mecanismo de hidrólise catalisada do composto DMPT. A adsorção de uma, duas e três moléculas de água foram obtidas apenas sobre o terraço de MgO(001), pois sabe-se que as moléculas de água são dissociadas espontaneamente em defeitos pontuais. A variação da energia livre de Gibbs para os processos de adsorção e dissociação foi calculada no intervalo de temperatura de 100-600 K. Os resultados termodinâmicos mostraram que a adsorção de uma única molécula de água não conduz à dissociação. Para o dímero e trímero de moléculas de água, uma molécula se dissocia enquanto que as outras moléculas co-adsorvidas estabilizam as espécies iônicas H+ e OH- sobre a superfície. Nos dois casos, os produtos de dissociação na superfície convergiram para a formação de ligações de hidrogênio entre a hidroxila formada e as moléculas de água. Como consequência dessas interações, a superfície protonada coexiste com os íons hidroxila adsorvidos. As barreiras de energia eletrônica não são grandes o suficiente para desfavorecer a dissociação parcial de duas (23,2 kJ/mol) e três (24,9 kJ/mol) moléculas de água, porque elas seriam facilmente superadas. Portanto, a etapa inicial para a hidrólise no terraço de MgO(001) começa a partir de duas moléculas de água, mas o produto dissociado é mais estável quando existem três moléculas de água quimissorvidas. Em relação à migração dos íons H+ e OH- após a dissociação, as barreiras de energia eletrônica calculadas mostraram que esse processo na superfície de MgO(001) é desfavorável. Assim, os processos de dissociação das moléculas de DMPT e H2O na superfície de MgO(001) devem acontecer em regiões próximas para facilitar a etapa seguinte do mecanismo de reação proposto, que é a recombinação iônica de [PO(CH3)(OCH3)]+, [SCH3]-, HO- e H+ para a subsequente formação dos produtos P1 [HOPO(CH3)(OCH3)] e P2 [HSCH3]. Os produtos P1 e P2 não se acumulam sobre a superfície dopada com Al porque estas moléculas são dessorvidas. Portanto, se comparado com a reação de hidrólise do composto de DMPT, 335 K é uma temperatura ideal a fim de se evitar a acumulação dos produtos sobre os defeitos pontuais analisados, com a consequente dessorção espontânea de P1 e P2 e a reconstituição do MgO na etapa final do processo catalítico. No entanto, os sítios do terraço também podem participar do mecanismo de hidrólise catalisada do composto DMPT a partir de 500 K. Neste trabalho, a superfície de MgO(001) atua como um possível catalisador para a degradação do agente VX, mas com uma maior seletividade dos sítios dopados com Al do que os sítios do terraço. Da mesma forma, estes resultados têm uma variedade de importantes aplicações, bem como uma referência para posteriores estudos da reação do composto VX na superfície de MgO(001) com outros tipos de defeitos ou superfícies. Assim, esses resultados contribuem cientificamente para a área de catálise e superfícies de óxidos na desativação química de agentes neurotóxicos, especialmente os agentes tipo-V. Além disso, o presente trabalho permitirá o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para a defesa nacional, a fim de permitir a degradação química desses tipos de compostos sem afetar o meio ambiente. / The VX agent, O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylethylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothioate, is one of the main neurotoxic agents, thus the search for ways to degrate it is considerably important. In this work, the hydrolysis of a VX-like organophosphorus compound (O,S-dimethyl methylphosphonothioate, DMPT) by the dissociative chemisorption on the MgO(001) surface was studied by density-functional theory using periodic boundary conditions. A degradation mechanism involving the reactions of the DMPT and water molecules was proposed and investigated on two types of MgO(001) surfaces: terrace and Al-doped. Conformations, free energy differences, transition states e reaction barriers were calculated. Firstly, it was verified that only the P-S neurotoxic bond breaks in the hydrolysis of the DMPT compound, which can occur spontaneously throughout the analyzed temperature range (100-600 K). In the dissociative chemisorption of the DMPT molecule, the formation of intermediate MgO:[PO(CH3) (OCH3)]+[SCH3]− is thermodynamically fewer stable than the hydrolysis products from the temperature of about 335 K for the Al-doped surface, which is less than the same process calculated on the surface without defects (from 500 K). According to a reactional barrier analysis, the possible reconstitution of the P-S bond does not occur on both cases of analyzed MgO(001) surface models. However, the electronic energy barrier for the dissociation reaction on the Al-doped sites is about 49.0 kJ/mol less than the one on the terrace. At the same time, the process of the formation of H+ and OH− ions on the MgO(001) terrace is relevant as the hydroxylation initial step of this surface and it is part of the catalyzed hydrolysis mechanism of the DMPT compound. The adsorption of one, two and three water molecules were only obtained on the MgO(001) terrace because it is known that water molecules are dissociated spontaneously on point defects. The variation of the Gibbs free energy for the adsorption and dissociation processes was calculated in the 100-600 K temperature range. The thermodinamic results showed that the adsorption of a single water molecule does not lead to dissociation. For the dimer and trimer of water molecules, one molecule dissociates while the others co-adsorbed stabilize the H+ and HO− ionic species on the surface. In the two cases, the dissociation products on the surface converged for the formation of hydrogen bonds among the formed hydroxyl and water molecules. As a consequence of these interactions, the protonated surface coexists with the adsorbed hydroxyl ions. The electronic energy barriers are not large enough to forbid the partial dissociation of two (23.2 kJ/mol) and three (24.9 kJ/mol) water molecules because they would be easily surmounted. Therefore, the initial step for the hydrolysis on the MgO terrace starts from two water molecules, but the dissociated product is more stable when there are three water molecules III chemisorbed. Regarding the migration of the H+ and HO− ions after the dissociation, the calculated electronic energy barriers showed that this process on the MgO(001) surface is unfavorable. Thus, the dissociation processes of the DMPT and H2O molecules on the MgO(001) surface should happen in close regions to facilitate the next step of the proposed reaction mechanism, which is the ionic recombination of [PO(CH3)(OCH3)]+, [SCH3]-, HO- and H+ for the subsequent formation of the P1 [HOPO(CH3)(OCH3)] and P2 [HSCH3] products. The products P1 and P2 did not accumulate on the Al-doped surface because these molecules are desorbed from 197 K. Therefore, if compared to the hydrolysis reaction, 335 K is an ideal temperature to avoid the accumulation of the products on the analyzed point defects, with the consequent spontaneous desorption of P1 and P2 and the MgO reconstitution in the final step of the catalytic process. However, the sites of the terrace can also participate of the DMPT catalyzed hydrolysis mechanism from 500 K. In this work, the MgO(001) surface works as a catalyst for the degradation of VX agent, but with higher selectivity of the Al-doped sites than that of the terrace sites. In the same way, these results have an important variety of applications, as well as reference for further studies of the VX compound reaction on the MgO(001) surface with other kinds of defects or other surfaces. Thus, these results scientifically contribute to the area of catalysis and oxide surfaces in the chemical deactivation of neurotoxic agents, especially the V-type agents. Furthermore, this work will enable the development of new technologies for national defense in order to enable the chemical degradation of these types of compounds without affecting the environment.

Hannah Hurtzig (MOBILE AKADEMIE) hat eine Vielzahl von Projekten, Installationen und Archiv-Einheiten entworfen, die sich auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen mit der Konstruktion von Wissen, Wissenstransfer und dessen Aufbewahrung, Anhäufung und Sammlung auseinandersetzen. Dazu gehört das Format „Schwarzmarkt für Nützliches Wissen und Nicht-Wissen“. Über die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Begriff des Nicht-Wissens und der räumlichen Inszenierung der Archiv-Installationen der Mobilen Akademie stellt sich auch die Frage nach der sowohl räumlichen als auch gedanklichen Verortung des Archiv-Begriffs.

The diploma thesis is focused on the management of the environmental system in the company Fosfa a.s. The first part of the diploma thesis contains theoretical information and definition of the terms environmental management and standards ČSN ISO 14 001. The second part is an analysis and evaluation of the economic situation of the company. Finally, the results and proposals of a standard that improves the current situation and eliminates shortcomings related to the environment are summarized.

This Master’s thesis is focused on the implementation of information security management system in the enterprise according to the standard ISO/IEC 27 001. The first part contains theoretical background of the information security, the second part focuses on current state analysis and the third part deals with suggestions for improvement current information security.

Mit dem Ziel, das Publizieren von Artikeln, Forschungsdaten und wissenschaftlicher Software gemäß den FAIR-Prinzipien zu unterstützen, wurde am HZDR ein integriertes Publikationsmanagement aufgebaut. Insbesondere Daten- und Softwarepublikationen erfordern die Entwicklung bedarfsgerechter organisatorischer und technischer Strukturen ergänzend zu bereits sehr gut funktionierenden Services im Publikationsmanagement. In der Zusammenarbeit mit Wissenschaftlern des HZDR und internationalen Partnern in ausgewählten Projekten wurde der Bedarf an Unterstützung im Forschungsdatenmanagement analysiert. Darauf aufbauend wurde schrittweise ein integriertes System von Infrastrukturen und Services entwickelt und bereitgestellt. In einer seit Mai 2018 gültigen Data Policy wurden die Rahmenbedingungen und Regelungen sowohl für wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter als auch für externe Messgäste definiert. Im Vortrag wird auf die Erfahrungen im integrierten Publikationsmanagement für Artikel, Forschungsdaten und Forschungssoftware eingegangen und daraus resultierend werden die nächsten Aufgaben und Ziele entwickelt.

In our time, it has become easy to contribute to the general pool of knowledge: Tell somebody about events that have just happened and think yourself useful, publish a video of a crime and make history, put up a rumour and ruin someone’s career. My question is: Can we talk about counter-knowledge when it comes to news-contributors who are not journalists but have mobile phones from which they can send messages and photos? I will first outline why the idea of counter-knowledge is attractive, then sketch it as defined by French philosopher Michel Foucault. My third point is about ways of writing which produce counter-knowledge, before finally asking if sending an image can have the same effect.

South African industries are challenged with above inflation electricity tariffs which may affect their competitiveness within their relative markets. In order to successfully manage these rising electricity costs and ensuing top market competition, a well organised demand side management (DSM) strategy must be implemented. Energy service companies (ESCos) have been assisting Eskom, South Africa’s leading electricity utility, in managing energy projects around the country. These DSM projects have introduced remarkable electricity and cost savings. However, the need for a sustainable energy management system (EnMS) within these projects does exist. This dissertation illustrates and discusses an EnMS designed to achieve maximum possible energy savings performances. The ISO 9 001 (quality management), ISO 14 001 (environmental management) and ISO 50 001 (energy management) standards were integrated for the development and implementation of this system. It provides a framework for project engineers and industrial clients to apply before, during and after project implementation. The use of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle will be applied throughout the dissertation. The PDCA cycle follows basic steps recommended by the relevant ISO standards. This cycle emphasises the concept of continual improvement. The developed EnMS was successfully implemented on various DSM projects. This selection includes previously maintained and new implemented projects. An analysis between the implementation and post- implementation performances supports the achieved results. The results of the case studies are presented in this dissertation. This dissertation illustrates that the continual improvement of an ISO based EnMS will result in a sustainable increase in electricity savings. An overall increase in project quality can be defined and measured according to the electricity consumptions and electricity cost savings. These electricity cost savings from the selected projects resulted to nearly R18 million during project implementation. A total amount of R52 million was already saved during the maintenance phase of 2014. This cost savings only reflect the results of the eight selected projects for the first eight months in 2014. The EnMS explained in this dissertation indicates that a continually controlled framework can improve the quality of DSM project implementation and sustainability. With the flexibility of changing the system according to impulsive constraints and client demands, the system can be used with various DSM projects. / MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015