J.C. Slater. / "May 12, 1949." / Includes bibliographical references. / Army Signal Corps Contract No. W36-039-sc-32037 Project No. 102B Dept. of the Army Project No. 3-99-10-022

Thesis--Catholic University of America. / Bibliography: p. 99-101.

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu / Mycoplasma; it is not a household name for many Americans or people around the world, but for those in the livestock industry, it has been a major concern. Mycoplasma, a member of the class Mollicutes, has had and continues to have a major impact on the cattle, swine and poultry industry, causing conditions such as arthritis, otitis media, reduced growth rate and reduced egg production (Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2011) (Okwara 2016). This class of bacteria is unlike other classes, as defined by the lack of a cell wall, and is considered by many to be the smallest self-replicating prokaryote (Jack Maniloff 1992). Due to its small size, it can reside within cells and even pass through some of the currently used sterilizing filters in the biological/pharmaceutical industry today (Pall Corporation n.d.). This creates a risk for Mycoplasma contamination for those facilities/research centers that use materials of animal origin, as Mycoplasma organisms have historically been a common contaminate of cell lines and laboratory cultures, affecting roughly 15-35% of cell cultures (Cara N. Wilder 2015). An added concern is the difficulty in treatment of infected animals once an infection is established. The Mollicutes class has been considered innately resistant to the antibiotic penicillin and other cephalosporins due to the lack of the cell wall (Jack Maniloff 1992). Due to the clinical significance and risk factors surrounding the Mollicutes class, it is a current regulatory requirement to test materials of animal origin for the presence or absence of Mycoplasma. The specific criteria for the presence or absence of Mycoplasma test is dependent upon the country in which the product is intended to be sold. For the purposes of this study, the required method and products will be for those intended for sale domestically in the United States, or countries accepting US methodologies. To test a material or product for the presence or absence of Mycoplasma according to the current USDA code of federal regulations (CFR), the method is not a rapid procedure or a simple traditional broth inoculation. The domestic method is a minimum 24 day test that requires complex broth and agar media for Mycoplasma recovery. The complex media requirement is due to the fact that Mycoplasma organisms have stringent nutritional requirements due to their simplified cell structure/genome, which often require materials of animal origin, such as serums for lipid supply/metabolism (Jack Maniloff 1992). The 24 day Mycoplasma test requires an initial inoculation into the aforementioned broth and agar media and then 4 subsequent subcultures from the broth media onto the agar media at specified time intervals. All of the broth and agar media plates are incubated at specific atmospheric conditions and temperature for the duration of the test. The initial inoculation and subcultures are all examined by a trained Microbiologist at specific time intervals to search for evidence of viable Mycoplasma growth. The examination by a trained Microbiologist/technician is a vital step as Mycoplasmas do not produce turbidity in media, such as in traditional bacterial growth, nor are they visible by traditional light microscopy (Farzaneh 2011). If a Mycoplasma contamination is found, a biological/pharmaceutical company can pay huge sums of money to investigate the cause of the contamination, initiate corrective action, decontaminate the facility and destroy impacted batches. As evidenced by the above description, Mycoplasma testing places a large burden on a biological/pharmaceutical production facility or even research institutions. The complex media and labor cost for the 24 day test is extensive, which must be repeated for each batch of new material received or produced. The cost skyrockets if any contamination event occurs or even appears to occur, as investigation and decontamination add cost due to delay of release or possible destruction.

No description available.

Inaug. _ Diss.: Philosophische Fakultät: Marburg / Lahn: 1971. Bibliogr. p. 185 à 196.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:29:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton William Zemke.pdf: 506491 bytes, checksum: f32e9a8c23486d0f7ac13cb97d483260 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / The use of industrial waste in agriculture is being provided as a sustainable alternative to minimize environmental liabilities. In order to study the feasibility of using calxisto (disposal of mining) as corrective of soil acidity compared to lime, and organic and mineral fertilizers in the presence of natural inoculant for the production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using a dystrophic clayey Haplic Cambisol in Ponta Grossa, Parana State, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in pots of 5 dm3 in two consecutive sowing. A randomized complete block design in a factorial 2 x 2 x 2 scheme was used with a control and five replications. The treatments were: T1: control; T2: Calxisto + poultry litter + rock phosphate + natural inoculant; T3: Calxisto + poultry litter + rock phosphate; T4: Lime + poultry litter + rock phosphate + natural inoculant; T5: Lime + poultry litter + rock phosphate; T6: NPK + Calxisto + natural inoculant; T7: Calxisto + NPK; T8: Lime + NPK + natural inoculant; and T9: Lime + NPK. The common bean cultivar used was Graúna IPR 113. We evaluated the soil chemical attributes, grain yield and components of production: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant, and weight of 100 grains. The levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S in the grains were determined after harvest. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, excluding the control treatment because of plants weak development in natural soil conditions. The results showed that the use of calxisto may be an alternative to replace the lime for the soil acidity control, as soon as the application of this product increased the soil base saturation to 64%, close to the calculated value of 70%, recommended for the common bean crop. The substitution of NPK mineral fertilizers by poultry litter + rock phosphate did not impair the grain yield of common bean. Higher content of S in the grains was obtained with calxisto than lime application, only the first crop of beans. The residual effect of fertilization with poultry litter + rock phosphate was higher than with NPK mineral on the concentration of N, K, and S in the grains. However, the mineral fertilization with NPK provided a higher residual effect than with poultry litter + rock phosphate on the common bean yield due to better utilization of P by the plants. Natural inoculant application caused no significant changes in soil chemical attributes, but it caused an increase in mass of 100 grains and concentration of N in the grains at the first crop of common bean. / O aproveitamento do descarte de mineração para uso na agricultura vem sendo apontado como uma alternativa sustentável para minimizar passivos ambientais. Com o objetivo de estudar a viabilidade do uso de calxisto (descarte de mineração) como corretivo da acidez do solo em comparação ao calcário, e de adubos orgânico e mineral, em presença de inoculante natural, para a produção do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, utilizando um Cambissolo Háplico distrófico textura argilosa, em Ponta Grossa (PR). O experimento foi conduzido em vasos de 5 dm3, com dois cultivos sucessivos de feijão. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos completos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com uma testemunha e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1: Testemunha; T2: Calxisto + cama de aviário + fosfato natural + inoculante natural; T3: Calxisto + cama de aviário + fosfato natural; T4: Calcário + cama de aviário + fosfato natural + inoculante natural; T5: Calcário + cama de aviário + fosfato natural; T6: Calxisto + NPK + inoculante natural; T7: Calxisto + NPK; T8: Calcário + NPK + inoculante natural; e T9: Calcário + NPK. O cultivar de feijão utilizado no experimento foi o IPR 113 Graúna. Avaliaram-se os atributos químicos do solo, a produção de grãos e os componentes de produção: número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, número de grãos por planta e massa de 100 grãos. Os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S nos grãos foram determinados após a colheita. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos às análises de variância, excluindo-se a testemunha devido ao fraco desenvolvimento das plantas em solo natural. Os resultados mostraram que o uso de calxisto pode ser uma alternativa para a correção da acidez do solo em substituição ao calcário, considerando que a aplicação do produto proporcionou elevação da saturação por bases para 64%, valor próximo ao calculado de 70%, recomendado para a cultura do feijoeiro. A substituição da adubação mineral com NPK pela adubação com cama de aviário + fosfato natural não prejudicou a produção de grãos do feijoeiro. A aplicação de calxisto proporcionou maior teor de S nos grãos do que o calcário, somente no primeiro cultivo do feijoeiro. O efeito residual da adubação com cama de aviário + fosfato natural foi maior do que com NPK mineral na concentração de N, K e S nos grãos de feijão. No entanto, a adubação mineral com NPK teve maior efeito residual do que a adubação com cama de aviário + fosfato natural na produção de grãos de feijão, devido ao melhor aproveitamento de P pelas plantas. A aplicação do inoculante natural não proporcionou modificações significativas nos atributos químicos do solo, mas ocasionou aumento na massa de 100 grãos e na concentração de N nos grãos no primeiro cultivo de feijão.

Diese Forschungsarbeit untersucht die kosmologischen Vorstellungen, die die Architektur des antiken Griechenlands und Roms beeinflussten und geprägten, beginnend mit Vorstellungen, die sich am Ende der archaischen Periode entwickelten, und die bis ins 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr. reichten, als der römische Architekt Marcus Vitruvius Pollio sein Werk "De Architectura" veröffentlichte. Als einziger erhaltener schriftlicher Korpus aus der Antike über den Beruf des Architekten bildet Vitruvius' Werk den Ausgangspunkt der Argumentation in dieser Forschungsarbeit, die schließlich zu dem Verständnis führt, dass "De Architectura" viel mehr als eine theoretische und didaktische Quelle der Architektur ist, sondern ein komplexes Werk mit direktem Bezug zur Naturphilosophie im Allgemeinen und zu kosmologischen Vorstellungen im Besonderen. Dieses Verständnis ermöglicht eine sorgfältige Analyse, wie Menschen in der Antike das Universum strukturierten und wie ihr Umgang mit der Natur die Entscheidungen des Architekten während seiner Baumaßnahmen beeinflusste. Die wichtigsten Schlussfolgerungen dieser Forschung zeigen, dass die Art und Weise, wie die natürliche Welt wahrgenommen wurde, einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die griechische und römische Architektur hatte. Beobachtungen der Natur führten zur Untersuchung der universalen Ordnung und Regelmäßigkeiten und leiteten Architekten durch alle Phasen des Bauens. Praktisch hatten Architekten nur ein Ziel: Für die Menschen gesunde und praktische Baubedingungen zu gewährleisten, was durch die Arbeit im Einklang mit der Natur und ihrer inneren Ordnung erreicht wurde. / This research explores the cosmological perceptions that influenced and shaped the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, starting with perceptions that developed at the end of the archaic period, and continued all the way to the 1st century BCE when the Roman architect, Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, published his work “De Architectura”. As the only written surviving corpus we have from Antiquity on the profession of architecture, Vitruvius’s work is the starting point of the arguments in this research, which eventually lead to the understanding that “De Architectura” is much more than a theoretical and didactic source of architecture, but a complex work with a direct link to the philosophy of nature in general, and cosmological perceptions in specific. This understanding, enables to handle a meticulous analysis of how the ancients perceived the universe’s structure, and how their approach to nature takes place in the decision-making of the architect during his building work. The main conclusions of this research show that the manner in which the natural world was perceived was a primary source of influence on Greek and Roman architecture. Observations of nature led to the investigation of the universal order and regularities and guided architects throughout all the stages of the building work. Practically, architects had one objective only: to ensure sound building conditions for people, both in terms of health and in terms of convenience, and such a goal will be fulfilled by working in line with nature and its inner order.

The major aim of this work has been to gain further insights into the catalytic mechanism of carbonic anhydrase (carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1). One approach has been to replace the essential Zn(II) ion by Cd(II) which has favourable spectroscopic properties. The Cd(II)-enzymes have appreciable 4-nitrophenyl acetate hydrolase activities. These activities increase with pH as if dependent on the basic form of a group with pKa near 10. The Cd(II)-carbonic anhydrases also have significant carbon dioxide hydration activities. Jhe Cd(II) derivatives are strongly inhibited by monovalent anions. The 113-Cd(II) derivatives have also been studied by 113-Cd NMR as a function of pH and bicarbonate or inhibitor concentration. Plots of chemical shift versus pH give sigmoidal titration curves in the studied pH range, 10.3. The p«a values vary from 9.2 to 9.7 correlating reasonably well with the activity profiles. When bicarbonate is added to the samples the 113-Cd resonances shift upfield to new characteristic positions. The inhibitors CN", SH", and SCN” bind directly to the metal ion with their C, S, and N atoms, respectively. The results are best explained by assuming a rapid exchange between three species in which the open coordination site of the metal ion is occupied by'hydroxide, water, or bicarbonate. Another approach has been to study kinetic properties of the active en­zyme. A number of monovalent anions were investigated as inhibitors of carbon dioxide hydration catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase II. Predominantly uncompetitive inhibition patterns were observed at pH near 9 in all cases. The inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase II by the organic compounds tetrazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 2-nitrophenol, and chloral hydrate was also investigated. These inhibitors, together with phenol, can be classified in three groups depending upon the kinetic patterns of inhibition of carbon dioixde hydration at pH near 9. The first group, represented by tetrazole and 2-nitrophenol, yields predominantly uncompetitive inhibition under these conditions in analogy with simple, inorganic anions. The second group, represented by 1,2,4-triazole and chloral hydrate gives rise to essentially noncompetitive inhibition patterns whereas phenol, representing the third group, is a competitive inhibitor of carbon dioxide hydration. These results are analyzed in terms of two rivaling mechanism models, a kinetic scheme originally proposed by Steiner et al. (Eur. 3. Biochem. (1975) 59, 253-259) and a rapid-equilibrium kinetic scheme proposed by Pocker and Deits (3. Am. Chem. Soc. (1982) 104, 2424-2434). It is concluded that the observed steady-state inhibition patterns are compatible with both models, but hat discriminatory data, strongly favouring the model of Stêiner et al., are available in the literature. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1984, härtill 4 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2007. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 27, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-42).

Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy levde under första halvan av 1800-talet. Utöver att vara ett underbarn likt Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart var han även en mycket socialt kapabel person. Detta gynnade honom mycket då hans kompositionsförmåga lyftes fram som enastående av framstående personer som Johann Wolfgang von Goethe och drottning Victoria av Storbritannien. Han var en mycket produktiv komponist och skrev under sitt liv mängder av orkestermusik, kammarmusik, operor, solokonserter och pianoverk. I detta arbete har jag fördjupat mig i hans två Konsertstycken Op.113/114 för klarinett, bassetthorn och orkester, som Mendelssohn skrev till klarinettisterna Carl och Heinrich Bärmann. Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för dessa två förbisedda verk samt jämföra instuderingsprocessen av en dubbelkonsert med det av en solokonsert. Jag har genom användning av partitur från G. Henle verlag analyserat Op. 113 och skrivit om mina konstnärliga ställningstaganden under instuderingsprocessen av både Op.113 och Op.114. Ur analysen framgår att musiken har allt annat än en strikt struktur. Mendelssohn bryter gärna de strukturella mönstren som förväntas av honom. Ur instuderingsprocessen framgår att arbetet med en dubbelkonsert har både stora för- och nackdelar jämfört med arbetet av en solokonsert, men att möjligheten till en diskussion mellan två parter är mycket givande för att skapa sig en klar bild av vad man vill komma fram till med sitt framförande av verket. Denna studie strävar efter en ökad fördjupning och förståelse av olika infallsvinklar som leder till en mer genomarbetad konstnärlig instuderingsprocess. / <p>F.J. Haydn  - Symfoni nr. 104 i D-dur, Hob.I:104, F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy - Konsertstycken nr.1 och nr.2, Op.113/114, L.v. Beethoven - Symfoni nr. 2 i D-dur Op.36. Som Howie - Klarinett, Gustav Wetterbrandt - Bassetthorn, Mats Zetterqvist - ledning, KMH symfoniorkester. Inspelning från konserten med ovan nämnda medverkande finns tillgänglig.</p>