The purpose of this study was to describe 11th- and 12th-grade high school string orchestra students in Texas public schools in terms of their decision to enter the field of string orchestra teaching as a possible career choice or to pursue another field of study. Convenience sampling techniques were used to secure a study population of 1,683 high school string orchestra students. The Junior and Senior High School String Orchestra Student Survey (researcher designed) was used to gather demographic characteristics, students' perceptions on selected intrinsic/extrinsic work values, tangible elements of teaching, intrinsic characteristics of string orchestra teaching, and individuals assisting in students' career choices. Selected elements of teaching cited by students for their lack of interest in string orchestra teaching were also reviewed. Analysis procedures for descriptive statistics included measures of central tendency, crosstabulation, frequencies and percentages. Consistent with prior research, it was found that a larger number of female students over male students were interested in string orchestra teaching. Students interested in fields outside of string orchestra teaching reported higher class grades, more honors and advanced classes and higher SAT/ACT mean scores. Students interested in string orchestra teaching reported a higher percentage of brothers/sisters, mothers and fathers who played instruments and relatives who were teachers. These students also reported a greater importance of a career that was self-rewarding, that would be directly helpful to society and where they could help contribute to the welfare of society. Students interested in string orchestra teaching expressed the great importance of their deep devotion to music and their desire to be a positive role model for children. Students interested in string orchestra teaching reported the great importance of their high school orchestra director as one of the individuals assisting them in their career decisions. Also consistent with prior research, the number one cited reason for a lack of interest in string orchestra teaching was found to be that teacher's salaries were perceived as too low. Examinations of ethnic group differences relative to the characteristics under investigation were also explored.

Der schmale Band stellt bis auf ein kurzes, die Publikation begründendes Vorwort (S. 7–10), einen bereits im Jahre 1998 fertiggestellten Text dar. Er verzichtet auf die Einarbeitung von Literatur, die seitdem, also in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten, erschienen ist. Eigentlich war er für einen Tagungsband des ein Jahr später beendeten Münsteraner Sonderforschungsbereichs „Träger, Felder, Formen pragmatischer Schriftlichkeit im Mittelalter“ vorgesehen, der bislang noch nicht erschienenen ist. Man merkt der Untersuchung an vielen Stellen an, dass sie im Diskussionszusammenhang mit dem damals von Hagen Keller geleiteten SFB-Teilprojekt „Der Verschriftlichungsprozess und seine Träger in Oberitalien (11.–13.Jahrhundert)“ entstand, was aber durchaus kein Schaden ist. Zwar wirkt die Abarbeitung an Thesen der Luhmann’schen Systemtheorie heute etwas antiquiert – und an manchen Stellen auch etwas bemüht („Herstellung von Legitimität im Verfahren“, Kap. 9) –, doch kommt der Vf. unter Anwendung des theoretischen Ansatzes durchaus zu interessanten Beobachtungen und überzeugenden Schlussfolgerungen.

Even though the orifice is the simplest and most common control component in fluid power systems and cavitation is an already well-established topic in the scientific literature, the flow choking or saturation effect is largely overlooked in the common engineering practice. Most of the times the phenomenon is completely ignored, unless the peculiar hissing noise is observed at the test rig, giving a hint that something wrong is happening in the hydraulic system. Even then, the focus is just on the possible component damage induced by strong cavitation, while the functional implications – in terms of flow characteristic – are neglected. The objective of the paper is to study the phenomenon of flow saturation in hydraulic orifices to assess the formulation of the different critical cavitation numbers and cavitation indexes available from literature. For this reason, a full factorial design of experiments (DOE) is performed to determine the influence of three factors: orifice size, fluid temperature and upstream pressure. The testing is carried out on 5 orifice sizes at 3 different temperatures and 5 different upstream pressure levels. In each test, the downstream pressure is changed from 0 to the upstream pressure level, to sweep the available Δp range, both ascending and descending. In the results section an analysis of the experimental results is drawn, proposing a correlation between the critical cavitation index and the factors considered in the OE. To the authors’ knowledge, no systematic analysis, as the one here proposed, currently exists in literature for mineral oil applications.

Industrial hydraulics is often perceived as an old fashioned technology at the end of its innovation cyle. Despite its indiscussable technical benefits as well as its economical importance it is not seen as a promising future technology so that influencing people like to talk about and to promote. This results in disadvantages when it comes to customer choices comparing solutions, bidding processes, and – maybe most important – in a difficult position concerning the war for talents in the long run [... aus dem Text]

Machine builder integrate products from different suppliers in their machines or production lines. Today, most of the information is supplier-specific. The major challenge is to extract the necessary information from all products from different suppliers. [... aus dem Text]

Emissions of non-road machines are reduced by precise control of combustion process inside the engine and by after-treatment systems. One additional measure is the hybridization of the powertrain, which can be used to stabilize the engine load. This reduces harmful emissions because most nitrogen oxide emissions and particle emissions are related to sudden load and speed changes of the engine. In this study, four different hydraulic hybrid systems and their emission reduction potential are tested in one case study of a forwarder. The comparison study was done using a hardware-in-the-loop system (HIL) that consisted of a real-time simulation model, hydraulic secondary controlled loading system, real diesel engine, and emission measurement systems. The most efficient system (i.e., the system with the lowest fuel consumption) was the Four-pressure system. However, the difference between this system and the second-best system was negligible, and fuel consumption was about 40% less than with the reference system (a load-sensing system). Results showed that absolute emissions can be reduced by hybridization. Nitrogen oxide emissions were 15 25% lower and particulate matter emissions were 60 75% lower. The Four-pressure system had the lowest emissions. All studied hybrid systems resulted in reduction in fuel consumption and harmful emissions in the studied use case.

While we can easily acknowledge that many aspects the texts written by Chrétien de Troyes have been studied and discussed through the centuries, it is always possible to apply a new reading to the author's work. Like many authors of the same time period, the author of Le Conte du graal and LeChevalier de la charrette was not only writing for the audience of his time but was also openly targeting an audience set in a different century and social context. This timeless aspect of Chrétien's work is part of what makes his texts intricate and still relevant to this day. It also allows us to understand the impact they had by the time they were written as well as the long lasting interest that has been keeping them current throughout eight centuries. While the courteous aspect of these texts seems to be mostly relevant to the audience of a certain time period it is possible for us to conduct a psychoanalytical reading of Chrétien's work in order to appreciate the long- lasting qualities of these tales almost eight hundred years later. By using the drive theory established by Freud along with the work of Lacan based on search for the I, studies which were both established during the twentieth century, we will analyze the untold motivations of the quest and define the relationship between the knight and his physical and inner journey. In this study we will consistently question these motivations. In order to understand them we will first discuss the implications of the quest in a set medieval context which will then lead us to look at this behavior outside of this timeframe in order to focus on the psychological elements of these texts.

The master thesis focuses on a neumed breviary, which presently resides in the Czech National Library under the signature VI.E.4c. The source, originally from the library of women's Benedictine monastery of St. George at the Prague Castle, dates from the middle of 12th century and is the oldest neumed manuscript from the convent. However, it is not clear where it was created and for whom. The breviary might have been intended for the convent from the beginning or got to its library later. Therefore, the main aim of this work is to find out the provenance of the codex. The first chapter deals with the physical description of the manuscript. Especially the musical-palaeographic aspects are inspected, both the original and younger (written usually in margins). The newly discovered fragment XXIV.A.65, which originally belonged to the breviary, is also investigated. With the use of these aspects, the possibilities of the source's provenance are specified. The content of the breviary is examined in the second chapter. The single sections of the manuscript are described: calendar, tonary, Commune Sanctorum and the liturgical year itself. The chapter also mentions some of the typical specifics, which appearred during the work at the musical-liturgical index of the third and fourth section of the breviary,...

The purpose and scope of this paper is to discuss the emergence of the individual in the eleventh and twelfth centuries in light of the societal changes occurring at the time, and to establish the fact that this beginning of individualism can be seen particularly in the arts of the time. The evidence presented gives rise to the supposition that the society of the eleventh and twelfth centuries can be defined as humanistic, given that humanism implies a concern with and a concentration upon life on earth as opposed to life in heaven.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-12T13:15:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mônica Soares Stacheski.pdf: 20430811 bytes, checksum: e8a855e80c376c2b39448d517600276c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T13:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mônica Soares Stacheski.pdf: 20430811 bytes, checksum: e8a855e80c376c2b39448d517600276c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Antidotarium Nicolai is a collection of recipes of composite medicines probably written about 1180 in Salerno, southern Italy, was related to the medical literary movement originated in the School of Salerno. Its author remains unknown, although the manuscript begins stating “Ego, Nicolaus” (I, Nicholas). It was written for the author’s colleagues, i.e., practicing doctors, or students as a practical book on the preparation of medicines. Copied in hundreds of manuscripts and printed as incunabula and books, Antidotarium Nicolai circulated across medical schools outside Italy starting at the end of the 13th century. It was included both officially and unofficially in the syllabus of European university courses along the Middle Ages and modern times. The present study discusses the historical-social context, secondary literature and primary sources closest to Antidotarium Nicolai and analyzes its content from the perspective of history of science / O Antidotarium Nicolai é uma coleção de receitas de medicamentos compostos, redigido provavelmente perto de 1180, na cidade de Salerno, no sul da península itálica e conexo ao movimento literário médico da Escola de Salerno. De autoria desconhecida, apesar do autor escrever “Ego, Nicolaus” (Eu, Nicolau), essa obra surgiu da solicitação de colegas praticantes de medicina ou discípulos, no sentido de elaborar uma obra prática sobre a produção de medicamentos. Copiado em centenas de manuscritos, impresso em incunábulos e livros, o Antidotarium Nicolai circulou em escolas médicas estrangeiras a partir do final do século XIII. Fez parte de currículos universitários de forma oficial e extraoficial pela Europa medieval e moderna. O presente estudo averigua o contexto histórico-social, a literatura secundária e as fontes primárias temporalmente mais próximas da origem, e faz uma análise da obra da perspectiva da história da ciência