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No description available.

Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University, 1961. / No Abstract Available

Thesis (MLitt.) -- Stellenbosch University, 1964. / No Abstract Available

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and discuss the changing ways in which the visual art of heraldiy was perceived by the feudal aristocracy of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England. It shows how the aristocracy evolved from a military class to a courtly, chivalric class, and how this change affected art and culture. The shifts in the perceptions of heraldry reflect this important social development of the knightly class.

The purpose of this project is to explore the historical image of Hell in Medieval Europe as an agent of socialization for illiterate Christian communities. The project focuses on a literary work, Tundale’s Vision, written in 1149 C.E in Cashel, Ireland. Tundale’s Vision came from a genre of vision literature derived from popular oracular folk tradition surrounding the image of Hell that served the purpose of socializing Christian communities to certain social norms and stigmas presented by the author. Vision literature would be used by preachers in vernacular sermons throughout the Medieval period in order to reinforce moral and social messages presented in to their congregations, and it drew much of its themes and imagery from folk traditions in order to be more relatable to local communities. This research provides a historical context from which this genre of literature emerged including a discourse on how it gained power as an agent of socialization in Medieval Europe. Time is devoted to the historical state of what are generally considered primary agents of socialization in human societies throughout Medieval Europe, and research reveals that much of these agents, aside from religion, were inaccessible to the majority of Medieval Europeans, especially those of the lower class. Additionally, this project provides information on the rise in popularity of the artistic image of Hell in the Medieval period. The analysis of Tundale’s Vision, a work that emerged from this environment saturated with artistic depictions of Hell, reconstructs potential social norms and stigmas of 12th century Ireland relating to a contemporary reform movement within the Irish Christian church. This analysis provides the historical origin of many images commonly associated with the popular Medieval conception of Hell as it appears in Tundale’s Vision, and it analyzes the use of the fear of a painful afterlife in order spread and reinforce ideals presented by the Christian Church. Much of this project draws from the scholarly works of Gwenfair Adams and John Seymour who produced research concerning Tundale’s Vision, other works of vision literature, and their impact on Medieval Christian communities. The power of religious artwork in the process of socialization in Medieval Ireland should become apparent throughout this work.

Aus dem Vorwort: Der entstehende deutsche Staat hatte 928/29 mit der Unterwerfung der damals östlich von Elbe und Saale siedelnden Slawen begonnen. Den meisten Stämmen war es jedoch durch den Aufstand von 983 gelungen, nochmals ihre Freiheit zu erkämpfen. Im 12. Jahrhundert begann ein erneuter Vorstoß. Während dieser zweiten Etappe der feudalen deutschen Ostexpansion wurden bis um 1300 die nördlichen und mittleren Teile des jetzt zur DDR gehörenden Gebietes endgültig dem deutschen Reich angegliedert. Damals entstand die Mehrzahl unserer Städte und Dörfer. Im 10. Jahrhundert hatten die Könige Heinrich I. und Otto I. das Vordringen nach Osten geleitet. Während des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts lag die Initiative in den Händen der ostsächsischen Fürsten. Sie gingen daran, ihren Einfluß auf die slawischen Gebiete auszudehnen, wie der Herzog von Sachsen, Heinrich der Löwe aus dem Geschlecht der Welfen, und Erzbischof Wichmann von Magdeburg, oder gründeten östlich der Elbe neue Territorialherrschaften, wie der Markgraf der Nordmark, Albrecht der Bär aus dem Hause der Askanier, der erste Markgraf von Brandenburg. Im Süden begannen die Wettiner die Marken Lausitz und Meißen zu festigen und zu erweitern. Wie sich die eben grob skizzierten Vorgänge jedoch im einzelnen abgespielt haben, liegt immer noch weitgehend im dunkeln. Vor allem muß damit gerechnet werden, daß sich die Herrschaftsverhältnissein verschiedenen Gebieten mehrfach geändert hatten, bevor etwa in der zweiten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts die Strukturen entstanden waren, die im wesentlichen bis in die neuere Zeit bestimmend blieben. So ist heute vielfach noch unklar oder umrtritten, welche deutsche Feudalgewalt einen bestimmten Raum als erste besetzte und wo der Einflußbereich der nächsten Herrschaft begann. Das gilt in besonderem Maße für die Grenzzonen der sich ausdehnenden Fürstentümer. Aber auch Fragen, die seit langem als geklärt galten, werden plötzlich wieder aufgeworfen, wie die vor der 750-Jahr-Feier Berlins erneut aufgenommene Diekussion über die Anfänge unsarer Hauptstadt beweist.

Au cours de la « Renaissance du XIIe siècle », l'écriture de l'histoire s'épanouit dans l'Europe Latine. L'un des genres dans lequel ce phénomène est le plus visible est celui des chroniques universelles. Les chroniqueurs tentent d'y raconter l'histoire de l'humanité, depuis la Création jusqu'à leur propre époque. Certaines sont particulièrement riches en matière d'histoire ancienne, et fournissent même parfois d'amples informations sur l'Orient ancien. Pourquoi des moines reclus dans leurs monastères s'intéressaient-ils à une histoire aussi éloignée dans le temps et dans l'espace ? Le présent travail s'occupe de deux grandes sections de l'histoire orientale telle qu'elle était conçue au XIIe siècle : les empires qui tournaient autour de la ville de Babylone et les hauts faits militaires d'Alexandre dans les régions d'Asie. En analysant le traitement que leur réservent les chroniques universelles, on observe que les auteurs ont mis ces histoires au service de problématiques propres à leur temps, guidés par des intérêts chaque fois plus proches du monde séculier. En même temps, ils utilisèrent des méthodes propres à l'historiographie, ce qui aboutit à différencier significativement leurs travaux des commentaires bibliques et des romans d'antiquité. / During the "Renaissance of the 12th century" there was a flourishing of historical writing in Latin Europe. One the genres where this is most noticeable is in the universal chronicles. In them, the chroniclers outline the history of the world from Creation until their own period. Some of them are particularly rich in ancient history and they provide a lot of information of the ancient Orient. Why did monks secluded in their monasteries take interest on a history so far removed from them in time and space? This study considers two great sections of ancient oriental history as it was understood in the twelfth century: the empires surrounding the city of Babylon and the military deeds of Alexander the Great in Asia. Analyzing the treatment that the universal chronicles give them we can appreciate that the authors put these histories at the service of the problems of their own time, being guided increasingly by interests close to the secular world. At the same time they used methods of historiography, which significantly differentiated their works from biblical commentary and the "romances of antiquity".

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-11T17:48:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE_Linguagem_Beatriz_Sanchez (com Anexos).pdf: 60474106 bytes, checksum: b4bd9f44db17ba8b6b1021ed6d62db38 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-18T14:32:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE_Linguagem_Beatriz_Sanchez (com Anexos).pdf: 60474106 bytes, checksum: b4bd9f44db17ba8b6b1021ed6d62db38 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T14:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE_Linguagem_Beatriz_Sanchez (com Anexos).pdf: 60474106 bytes, checksum: b4bd9f44db17ba8b6b1021ed6d62db38 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Letras/Setor de Espanhol, Rio de Janeiro, RJ / O objetivo desta tese é reunir num arquivo diversas materialidades semióticas atreladas à data comemorativa do 12 de outubro no mundo hispânico, desde sua instituição até a atualidade. A partir desse arquivo nos propomos: (a) analisar a rede de sentidos (saberes, poderes e subjetividades) que possibilitou a instituição da data do 12 de outubro no mundo hispânico, bem como suas reconfigurações, e, consequentemente, (b) contribuir para a reflexão em torno da noção de hispanidade ao longo deste último século. A partir das recentes redesignações da data em algumas nações da América do Sul, formulamos nossa pergunta de pesquisa: como se materializa a rede de restrição de sentidos, ou seja, o que pode e não pode ser dito em um determinado contexto histórico-social, que possibilitou a instituição da data do 12 de outubro no mundo hispânico, bem como as reconfigurações? Os conceitos que norteiam esta pesquisa advêm do marco teórico da AD francesa, e contempla proposições provenientes dos estudos enunciativos que consideram em suas análises a materialidade linguística (COURTINE, 2009; MAINGUENEAU, 2001, 2008a, 2008b, 2015; ORLANDI, 1990, 1998, 2001, 2011). Cabe ressaltar que a AD é uma disciplina entre, visto que se constitui em um espaço interdisciplinar, no diálogo com outros campos do saber. No caso desta tese, estabelecemos um diálogo com as ciências humanas, como a história (ANDERSON, 2011; FOUCAULT, 1995; HOBSBWAM, 1984; LE GOFF, 1990), a filosofia (DELEUZE, 1990, 1995; DUSSEL, 1990) e os estudos culturais (HALL, 2003, 2015; SANTOS, 2010). As noções norteadoras são: tradição inventada, arquivo, dispositivo, memória discursiva, práticas e acontecimentos discursivos. Nosso espaço discursivo compreende 34 materialidades produzidas em diversos âmbitos: político-institucional, midiático e pedagógico e acadêmico, abrangendo de decretos e bandeiras, notícias, publicidades, até revista infantil. Concebemos tanto a instituição da data quanto as reconfigurações do dispositivo memorial como unidades não tópicas plurifocais (MAINGUENEAU, 2008b, 2015). A instituição da data como comemorativa corresponde ao objeto discursivo raça/hispanidade, recentemente reconfigurado como: descolonização; resistência indígena e respeito à diversidade cultural. As conclusões apontam que o entendimento atual da memória como dever (HEYMANN, 2007; HUYSSEN, 2004), junto com os novos paradigmas das globalizações contra-hegemônicas que vêm se perfilando, apontados por Santos (2010), parecem embasar o novo regime de enunciabilidade que possibilita que toda uma nova série de regularizações se projete nas reconfigurações do dispositivo memorial do 12 de outubro. Os enunciados também são forças e sentidos que lutam. Nesse aspecto concluímos que a reconfiguração ‘descolonização’ é a que mais combate e impugna a configuração raça/hispanidade / The objective of this thesis is to assemble an archive of several semiotic materialities connected to the commemorative, in the hispanic world, date of the October 12th, from its institualization to the present day. Based on this archive we propose to: (a) analyse the network of senses (knowledge, power and subjectivity) wich enabled the institution of the October 12 date in the Hispanic world, as well as its reconfigurations, and (b) contribute to the reflection on the notion of Hispanity through the last century. From the recent redesignations of the date in certain nations in South America, we formulated our main research question: how is the restriction in meaning connection materialized? Or rather, what can and cannot be said in a determined historical-social context which generated the institution of the October 12th date in the hispanic world, as well as its configurations? The concepts which guide this research come from the theoretical frame of the french DA. They also include propositions from enunciative studies that take into account the linguistic materiality in their analysis (COURTINE, 2009; MAINGUENEAU, 2001, 2008a, 2008b, 2015; ORLANDI, 1990, 1998, 2001, 2011). It is worth mentioning that the DA is an between discipline, since it constitutes an interdisciplinary space, in the dialogue with other fields of knowledge. In the case of this thesis, we establish a dialogue with the human sciences, like history (ANDERSON, 2011; FOUCAULT, 1995; HOBSBWAM, 1984; LE GOFF, 1990), philosophy (DELEUZE, 1990, 1995; DUSSEL, 1990) and cultural studies (HALL, 2003, 2015; SANTOS, 2010). The guiding concepts are: invented tradition, archive, device and discursive memory, practice and events. Our discursive space comprises 34 materialities produced in different spheres: political-institutional, mediatic, pedagogic and academic, encompassing decrees, banners, news, advertising and even children’s magazines. We conceive the institution of the date as well as the reconfigurations of the memorial dispositive as non-topical plurifocal units (MAINGUENEAU, 2008b, 2015). The institution of the date as commemorative corresponds to the discursive object of race/hispanicity, recently repurposed to promote: decolonization, resistance by the indigenous population, and respect to the cultural diversity. The conclusions point to the current understanding of the memory of the commemorative date of October the 12th as a duty (HEYMANN, 2007; HUYSSEN, 2004), in addition to the new paradigms of the outlining counterhegemonic globalizations, pointed by Santos (2010). These seem to underlie the new regime of enunciability that allows for a whole new series of regularizations to project on the reconfigurations of the memorial dispositive of the October 12th. Enunciations have power and meaning that can fight the status quo and alter society’s perception. In this aspect, we conclude that the repurposing of ‘decolonization’ is the one that fights and impugns the most the configuration of race/hispanicity

La littérature en langue vernaculaire du XIIe siècle cristallise une évolution lente dans les styles d'écriture : une simple lecture permet de constater l'absence ou presque de métaphores dans les chansons de geste, alors que des expressions métaphoriques, originales et diversifiées, ornent en nombre non négligeable les romans et les lais. Les arts poétiques médiolatins des XIIe et XIIIe siècles proposent leur définition de la métaphore, se situant dans la lignée des textes théoriques de l'Antiquité ou au contraire privilégiant la rupture. Ce bouillonnement réflexif caractérise l'engouement de l'époque pour le tour métaphorique. L'apparition et le développement de la littérature romanesque entraînent, dans son sillage, des modifications dans les manières de concevoir l'écriture : le traitement de certains motifs littéraires, au premier rang desquels la passion, ainsi que des contraintes nouvelles liées à la versification favorisent le recours aux métaphores. Des influences extérieures jouent également un rôle dominant : la littérature médiévale s'inspire de la poésie élégiaque latine, qui se complaît dans l'utilisation d'images amoureuses, mais également de la lyrique d'oc, qui offre une vision différente de la passion, fondée sur la réciprocité. / A slow evolution concerning the writing styles has taken shape in vernacular literature of the 12th century. A simple reading reveals that whilst hardly any metaphors are used in epic poems, original and varied figures of speech abound in novels and lays. The medieval Latin poetic arts of the 12th and 13th centuries have their own definition of metaphor. They either follow the line of ancient theoretical texts or choose to recreate it. This ferment of ideas illustrates the infatuation with metaphors which prevailed at that time. The appearance and the subsequent development of novelistic literature have caused writing modifications : the way some literary motifs –first and foremost passion- and new restraints due to versification encourage the use of metaphors. External influences also play a major part : medieval literature is inspired by Latin elegiac poetry -which indulges in love images- and by troubadour poetry, the latter offers another point of view about passion, based on reciprocity.