Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Literatura / Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento.

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Malingsbo Estate is a 18th century wooden building located in the small village of Malingsbo. Through the years, the estate has had a wide variation of usages. Today, almost 70 years since the last major renovation it is being utilized 6 weeks per year.   The following report, which has been made possible with the cooperation with the National Property Board (Statens Fastighetsverk) seeks to answer the following four questions. 1: What is the current climate inside the building 2: What are the resident’s views on the climate and the status of the building. 3: suggestions on how to, with the current building increase the period in which the inside climate is suitable for living. 4: Suggestions for lowering the energy usage for the building. These four points seeks to be answered with the following method: reports from Statens Fastighetsverk, surveys, field excursions and simulations in VIP-Energy.   The result of this report which should be especially considered is the following: At present time with no heating in the building, residents feel the climate during July to be acceptable to good, while during October most thinks it is to cold. For increasing the duration where the building meets a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius to 24 weeks’ installations of a 12500 W heating system is needed. For lowering the energy consumption without making large changes to the building two options should be specially considered: Insulation in the foundation with 50 mm insulation, and installation of window shutters during week 45 to 10. A larger installation suitable is solar panels for heating.

The encounter between Spain and the New World --the Americas-- is one of the distinctive historical events of the 15th century. So it is surprising that there is very little reference to the Americas in the many plays remaining from the Spanish Golden Age theatre. This thesis studies six plays centering on the Arauco wars in Southern Chile and the figure of one of the first governors of that country, don Garcia Hurtado de Mendoza. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate to what extent the literary elaboration of the topic contributed to the vision of the New World held by the Spanish public. The dramatists that dealt with this theme did not have any direct contact with the Americas, therefore their representation of that world was based on oral accounts and literary sources available at the time. Among the latter are the letters of a conqueror, two chronicles, two epic poems and a panegiric text. The first part of this thesis consists of the textual analysis of this literary corpus. The main focus of the analysis is the influence of these sources on the dramas and how the characteristics of each genre contributed to their creation. The analysis of the dramatic works with Araucanian content (five plays and one auto sacramental) forms the second part of this thesis. The approach centers particularly on the representation of the Indian world as the "Other" opposed to the Spanish world. The analysis of these texts shows the subtle evolutionary process by which the treatment of the historical fact --Arauco and the Conquest-- in the theatre contributed to create the "idea" of America held at the time in Spain. Also, the re-elaboration of characters and motives indicates the emergence of native mythical figures which have become part of the historic and cultural patrimony of Chile today. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

This essay is a study of the dental health and cranial pathologies of five individuals buried in Domkyrkoplan cemetery, Uppsala, in the 17th and 18th century. Domkyrkoplan was the only cemetery in Uppsala city during the 200-year time period. The cemetery was placed in the immediate surroundings of Uppsala cathedral. The 17th century is a breaking point between the late medieval society and the early modern era in Sweden as well as in Europe, and this was a period of change for the inhabitants of Uppsala city. The purpose of this paper is to provide a deeper insight into the inhabitants’ health and life, as well as an overview of the town’s development over the course of the time period. The theoretical framework used in this essay is microarchaeology, and the results from the analysis apply only to the analyzed individuals. Although no attempt will be made to draw conclusions about the entire population of Uppsala during the early modern times, the results will be placed in a historical context. The historical context provided in this essay is the result of a literary analysis with three major focal points: demography and city planning, Uppsala cathedral and the cemetery, diet and health. The results of the osteological analysis have shown that the five individuals all suffered from malnutrition and/or iron deficiency at some point during their childhood. The individuals are believed to have belonged to the middle class in the early modern society, however, they seem to have lived through some sort of hardship which caused the malnutrition. The literary analysis concludes that Uppsala was subjected to a starvation catastrophe during the last years of the 17th century, as well as the plague shortly thereafter, in 1710. The osteological material analyzed in this essay is part of an ongoing archaeological investigation, which means that the dating and results used or concluded in this essay is preliminary and may differ from the final archaeological report, which will be released in 2021.

This study focuses on the praeceptor amoris, or teacher of love, as that persona appears in English poetry between 1500 and 1660. Some attention is given to the background, especially Ovid and his Art of Love. A study of the medieval praeceptor indicates that ideas of love took three main courses: a bawdy strain most evident in Goliardic verse and later in the libertine poetry of Donne and the Cavaliers; a short-lived strain of mutual affection important in England principally with Spenser; and the love known as courtly love, which is traced to England through Dante and Petrarch and which is the subject of most English love poetry. In England, the praeceptor is examined according to three functions he performs: defining love, propounding a philosophy about it, and giving advice. Through examining the praeceptor, poets are seen to define love according to the division between body and soul, with the tendency to return to older definitions in force since the troubadours. The poets as a group never agree what love is. Philosophies given by the praeceptor follow the same division and are physically or spiritually oriented. The rise and fall of Platonism in English poetry is examined through the praeceptor amoris who teaches it, as is the rise of libertinism. Shakespeare and Donne are seen to have attempted a reconciliation of the physical and spiritual. Advice, the major function of the praeceptor, is widely variegated. It includes moral suasion, advice on how to court, how to start an affair, how to maintain one, how to end one, and how to cure oneself of love. Advice also includes warnings. The study concludes that English poets stayed with older ideas of love but added new dimensions to the praeceptor amoris, such as adding definition and philosophical discussion to what Ovid had done. They also added to the use of persona as speaker, particularly with Donne's dramatic monologues.

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Aims. We present the far-UV spectrum of the quasar HS 1700+6416 taken with FUSE. This QSO provides the second line of sight with the He II absorption resolved into a Lyα forest structure. Since HS 1700+6416 is slightly less redshifted (Zem = 2.72) than HE 2347-4342, we only probe the post-reionization phase of He II, seen in the evolution of the He II opacity, which is consistent with a simple power law. Methods, The He II/H I ratio η is estimated using a line profile-fitting procedure and an apparent optical depth approach, respectively. The expected metal line absorption in the far-UV is taken into account as well as molecular absorption of galactic H2. About 27% of the η values are affected by metal line absorption. In order to investigate the applicability of the analysis methods, we create simple artificial spectra based on the statistical properties of the H I Lyα forest. Results. The analysis of the artificial data demonstrates that the apparent optical depth method as well as the line profile-fitting procedure lead to confident results for restricted data samples only (0.01 ≤τHI ≤0.1 and 12.0 ≤ log NHI ≤ 13.0, respectively). The reasons are saturation in the case of the apparent optical depth and thermal line widths in the case of the profile fits. Furthermore, applying the methods to the unrestricted data set may mimic a correlation between the He II/H I ratio and the strength of the H I absorption. For the restricted data samples a scatter of 10-15% in η would be expected even if the underlying value is constant. The observed scatter is significantly larger than expected, indicating that the intergalactic radiation background is indeed fluctuating. In the redshift range 2.58 < z < 2.72, where the data quality is best, we find η ∼ 100, suggesting a contribution of soft sources like galaxies to the UV background.

Den här uppsatsen handlar om spridningen av jordbrukskunskap i Sverige under slutet av 1700-talet. Genom en analys av källmaterial från i första hand Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien, men även andra samhällsinstitutioner involverade i att försöka förbättra det svenska jordbruket, undersöker jag vilken roll spridandet av jordbrukskunskap spelade i den sociala och politiska utvecklingen i Sverige. Med hjälp av Thomas Gieryns idéer om ”boundary work” och med ett fokus på frågan om kunskapens spridning, kan jag visa att socialt och politiskt kontroversiella frågor var närvarande i försöken att förbättra det svenska jordbruket. Genom själva spridningen av kunskap deltog jordbruksförbättrarna i upprättandet och reproducerandet av idéer om ståndsutjämning och medborgarskap. Dessa slutsatser gör det också möjligt att ifrågasätta en etablerad berättelse om naturvetenskapens och vetenskapsakademiens plats i det svenska samhället under den här perioden. I stället för att diskutera deras ställning så som en fråga om ”status” som går upp eller ned, visar jag att vad som sker är ett publikskifte. Vetenskapsakademien involverar sig i det stora projektet för jordbruksförbättring i samband med att man får en mycket större publik. I stället för att konstatera att akademien plötsligt blir irrelevant analyserar jag vad det innebär att man börjar tilltala en allmogepublik som man betraktar som en avgörande pusselbit i byggandet av ett starkare Sverige.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the knowledge circulation surrounding the Linnean student Lars Montin’s journey to Northern Sweden in 1749. More specifically, the intention is to examine how agents contributed to the knowledge circulation and to map the movements of the living and dried plants and seeds Montin brought with him to Uppsala. The thesis concludes that local households and agents were vital to Montin’s journey and the gathering of knowledge and specimens. However, some agents created a break in the knowledge circulation, which manifested itself through countersigns like silence, doubt and refusal. When it comes to the specimens of plants Montin collected during his journey, several of them were found in nodes of knowledge after Montin’s return, such as the Botanic Garden in Uppsala and Montin’s herbarium. Their accumulation likely contributed to Montin’s later career as a Natural Historian. All in all, Montin’s journey brought to light how local knowledge and flora can be transformed when introduced into nodes in a scientific, geographical landscape.