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The chief objective of this study is to examine the works of Bruno Jasienski in order to show that he used the grotesque throughout his creative career as the most effective artistic method of highlighting issues he deemed important, as well as a means of disguising his personal view of the world and its people. The study consists of two parts: Part I is devoted to a brief survey of the development of the grotesque, with particular emphasis on the relationship between grotesque art and those artistic movements with which Bruno Jasienski associated himself, namely avant-garde and socialist realism. Part II is devoted to a close examination ofthe grotesque in Jasienski's major works. It opens with a summary and interpretation of Jasienski's personal views on art and its role in modern society. It then seeks to demonstrate that the essence of his grotesque method lies in the conflation of bizarre events with the scrupulous recreation of reality that insists on the accuracy of historically and geographically identifiable data. Such a method permits the artist to expose the absurdity oflife in a world obsessed with appearance and material possessions. Believing that art should be the reflection of life, Jasienski saw life as a constant game between form what it seems to be and content - what it really is - a perception that led him to conclude that it is impossible to resolve the conflict between the world as it appears to be and its true nature. This sense of the impossibility of orientating oneself in a world dominated by ideologies intensifies during the period of Jasieriski' s life that he spent in the Soviet Union. The closer examination of his satiric grotesques written in Russian, apart from explicitly satiric targets, betray the author's growing apprehension that Communism, especially its Stalinist version, might be yet another deceitful far;ade made of promises and alluring slogans. The grotesque character of those works that focus on the opportunism and hypocrisy of politicians, also exposes the ambivalence of ideologies which while liberating some are used as the instrument of oppressing others / Classics and Modern European Languages / D.Litt. et Phil. (Russian)

The central intention of this thesis is to analyse a body of Victorian legislation, which was enacted to control atmospheric pollution by the chemical industry. Its concern is predominately with enforcement, and the principal aim is to assess the role and effectiveness of the British State and its agencies in this respect. The major focus is a somewhat neglected body of legislation - the Alkali Acts of 1863-1906. These initiated the State regulation of noxious emissions from the early heavy chemical (alkali) industry, and set up a central government body, the Alkali Inspectorate, to this end. The major focus is the ability of Victorian institutions to formulate and implement environmental reforms, especially those which necessitated the increased control of industrial behaviour. It will explore the enforcement and decision making processes, assessing how priorities were set and whose interests were served. Furthermore, it examines the influence of economic, legislative, social, ideological and political factors upon inspection and prosecution. This study also assess whether the control of industrial atmospheric pollution was the consequence of a Victorian regulationist fervour or an example of utilitarian concern with environmental degradation. The main body of the thesis is constituted by chapters on biography, the fiscal context and enforcement. These themes are drawn together by an assessment of the extent and effect of various constraints upon the Alkali Inspectorate. Throughout, some vital comparisons and contrasts with the inspectorates of factories and mines are made, in order to gauge State support for the Alkali Inspectorate. This assessment of the effectiveness of the Alkali Inspectorate and the legislation which created it, facilitates broader insights into the relationship between the State and industry and the extent of State intervention in nineteenth-century Britain