Writing about Eighteenth Century England, and more particularly about the age of Johnson, Trevelyan gives us an admirable definition of a classical age: It is a "classical age, that is an age of unchallenged assumptions, when the philosophers of the streets such as Dr. Johnson, have ample leisure to moralise on the human scene, in the happy belief that the state of society and the modes of thought to which they are accustomed are not mere passing aspects of an ever shifting kaleidoscope, but permanent habitations, the final outcome of reason and experience. Such an age does not aspire to progress, though it may in fact be progressing; it regards itself not as setting out but as having arrived." To apply this definition of a classical age to the protean Nineteenth Century might, at first glance, seem impossible or at least dangerous. Yet it is only when we see this century - and more particularly the period 1871-1914 - as a truly classical age, as the classical age of the Bourgeoisie, that we can understand the direction and meaning of the revolt during the Twenties and Thirties of which Malraux' work is so representative. Intro., p. 1.

L’impression d'être en présence d'une oeuvre à tendance communiste, se dégage à la première lecture des romans révolutionnaires d'André Malraux. II n'est pas cependant possible sans une tentative d'analyse plus approfondie de juger dans quelle mesure cette idée est exacte et dans quelle mesure ces romans appartiennent à la pensée marxiste. Une connaissance si sommaire soit-elle des principes de base du communisme est indispensable pour évaluer la valeur ou le contenu de l'idéologie marxiste dans cette oeuvre romanesque et établir des points de comparaisons utiles. Le marxisme ayant changé d'interprétation suivant qu'il était soumis à I'influence de Lénine, de Trotsky ou de Staline, ce dernier imposant son point de vue pendant un quart de siècle, seules devront être retenues les grandes lignes sur lesquelles un accord théorique a pu se faire. L’aspect non marxiste de l'oeuvre soit être souligné et mis en evidence. Les témoignages des critiques : Gaétan Picon, Boisdeffre, Mounier et Léon Trotsky, etc...sont de toute première importance. Une étude de chaque roman permettra néanmoins de mieux dégager l’attitude politique des héros et de porter un jugement plus précis sur le communisme dans cette oeuvre. Il ressort de cette étude que les héros de Malraux ne sont pas strictement dans la ligne d'action du parti. Incapable d'appliquer la dialectique,ils ne croient ni au sens de l1histoire ni en la valeur de la lutte qu'ils mènent avec le prolétariat contre la société capitaliste. En troisième lieu, on constate le soubassement, la base marxiste, sur laquelle se construit l'action des romans : Les Conquérants, La Condition Humaine, Le Temps du Mépris. Il est également possible de se persuader que les héros agissent dans l'ensemble en bons communistes même s'ils ne présentent pas une orthodoxie parfaite. La date à laquelle ces romans ont été écrits et celle des événements où se situe l'action, représentant la période de transition de la doctrine, il est donc difficile d'affirmer qu'ils ne sont pas marxistes. Si l'auteur fait preuve d'une bonne connaissance de la tactique et des méthodes communistes, s'il fait toute commune avec eux, il est impossible de ne pas déceler un changement d'attitude que marque nettement son roman "L'Espoir" avec la guerre d'Espagne. Il a appris que la Russie soviétique n'était pas l'incarnation de son rêve, que les communistes n'avaient pas créé la fraternité humaine qu'il recherchait. C'est en consacrant plus d'attention à l'étude des differénts aspects de l'évolution du communisme en Russie, dans un sens qui ne correspond pas aux aspirations de Malraux, que l'on peut sentir qu'il s'en détache. En conclusion, la position présente d'André Malraux dont l'analyse est fournie par ses déclarations dans l'”Adresse aux Intellectuels" de 1948, montre qu'il n'a pas changé. Il ne renie rien de son passé, de son action, de sa lutte. Son espoir a été trahi et il est devenu l'ennemi implacable de ceux qui se réclament être les héritiers des généraux en veste de cuir, compagnons de lutte de Vladimir Lénine. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

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This thesis provides a brief history of opera as well as analysis of the operas of Giuseppe Verdi.

O objetivo deste trabalho visa a prática da psicanálise lacaniana e sua fundamentação, tendo a civilização como parceira. Os impasses da civilização do risco e suas incidências sobre o corpo interessam-nos como viés para uma reflexão sobre a prática da psicanálise lacaniana na atualidade, especialmente em sua relação com os novos sintomas, sobretudo a partir do início do séc. XXI. O interesse em dialogar com a contemporaneidade visa fundamentar ainda mais a experiência da psicanálise aplicada, razão da forte presença dos psicanalistas nas instituições. Não nos detivemos apenas em aspectos da contemporaneidade. Para melhor situar na prática lacaniana a noção de falasser [parlêtre], a partir do último ensino de Lacan, resgatamos o debate sobre os universais, a aposta de Pascal e o mito hegeliano do senhor/mestre e do escravo. / This paper is related to the Lacanian psychoanalytical practice and its theoretical fundaments based on civilization as support . Civilization impasses on risk and their incidences on the body are considered as they lead to a reflection about the practice of Lacanian psychoanalysis in our days, especially when new symptoms are concerned, since the beginning of the 21st century. The interest in sustaining, with our contemporary times, a dialogue aims to add fundaments to applied psychoanalysis, considering the relevant presence of psychoanalysts in the institutions. This paper is nor more limited to what is found in contemporary times to better situate, in the Lacanian practice, the concept of parlêtre (by letter made) from Lacans last teaching. We have also recovered the debate about universals, Pascals bet and the Hegelian myth about the master and the slave.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo abordar as relações da história e da memória brasileira na obra de Murilo Mendes. Essa tarefa de interpretação engloba a releitura do País em chave satírica e chave religiosa, em duas do poeta, História do Brasil (1932) e Contemplação de Ouro Preto (1954). Nelas constataremos os usos que o poeta faz dos elementos acima, renovando o nosso entendimento sobre o passado. Demonstra-se no estudo que o poeta insere o Brasil em suas preocupações, dando destaque à memória histórica do País em sua produção, elaborando uma crítica à história sem deixar de lado a fatura poética. Assim, nosso estudo coloca o escritor em coordenadas mais específicas da tradição literária, o que tem sido tema de pouca presença nos estudos murilianos até o momento. / The aim of this study is to analyze the relations between History and Brazilian memory in Murilo Mendes´ poetry. This task of interpretation involves a revision of the country with a satiric and religious key in two books of the poet, History of Brasil (1932) and Contemplation of Ouro Preto (1954). The uses of History and memory done by the poet are considered very different in various ways promoting innovations in how we see images of the past. The intention is to show that Brazil is an important reference in the books analyzed emphasizing the reviews the poet does about our History and the poetical composition at the same time. Then, our study analyzes Murilo Mendes in a specific line of the Brazilian literary tradition considering a theme that few studies have contemplated so far.

Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o texto \"O estádio do espelho como formador da função do eu tal como nos é revelada na experiência psicanalítica\" (1949/1998) e a teoria do estádio do espelho estabelecida por Jacques Lacan entre 1936 e 1964. A proposta investigativa concentra-se em três vertentes: (1) Acompanhar a gênese da formulação lacaniana do estádio do espelho entre os anos de 1936 e 1938; (2) Analisar a estrutura temática da concepção apresentada em 1949; e (3) Organizar as reformulações e inflexões para a teoria do estádio do espelho realizadas por Lacan, a partir do modelo do esquema óptico entre os anos de 1954 e 1964. O objetivo geral concentra-se em examinar os principais temas e noções psicanalíticas desenvolvidos, de acordo com os três momentos para a teoria do estádio do espelho. Em adjacência, especificamente nas vertentes (1) e (2), objetiva-se recuperar as principais referências teóricas utilizadas por Lacan, enquanto na vertente (3) o exercício metodológico consiste em organizar as referências na própria obra de Lacan. As duas principais considerações finais apontam para a distinção entre o texto de 1949 a teoria e os temas desenvolvidos em torno do estádio do espelho, e a definição do conceito enquanto demarcação dos três registros Real Simbólico Imaginário (RSI) pela inscrição do objeto a, traço unário e imagem especular / This work aims to study the text The mirror stage as formative of the function of the I as revealed in psychoanalytic experience\" (1949/1998) and the mirror stage theory proposed by Jacques Lacan between 1936 and 1964. The research proposal focuses on three aspects: (1) To present the genesis of Lacan\'s formulation of the mirror phase theory between 1936 and 1938; (2) To analyze the thematic structure of the concept presented in 1949; and (3) To organize the reformulations and inflections of the mirror stage theory Lacan carries out in view of the optical model, between the years 1954 and 1964. The overall goal is to examine the main themes and psychoanalytic notions developed, in regards to the three moments proposed for the mirror stage theory. Secondarily, specifically in sections (1) and (2), the objective is to recover the main theoretical references used by Lacan, while in part (3) the methodological exercise is to organize the references in Lacan\'s own work. The two main conclusions point to the distinction between the 1949 text, the theory itself and the themes related to the mirror stage, and the definition of the concept as a demarcation of the three orders Real Symbolic Imaginary (RSI) by the inscription of the objet (petit) a, the unary trait and the specular image

柳立言. / 手稿本 (cops. 2-3 複印本) / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Shou gao ben (cops. 2-3 fu yin ben) / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 504-531). / Liu Liyan. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 提要 / 自序 --- p.1-5 / 前言 --- p.6-10 / Chapter 第一章 --- 北洋大臣職權的發展 --- p.11-94 / Chapter 第一節 --- 北洋大臣的前身与職權 --- p.12-19 / Chapter 1 --- 上諭給予的限制 / Chapter 2 --- 通商大臣的早期任務 / Chapter 第二節 --- 職權轉變的經過及原因 --- p.19-30 / Chapter 1 --- 總署的態度及天津地位的重要 / Chapter 2 --- 自強新政与天津 / Chapter 3 --- 外交活動的展開 / Chapter 第三節 --- 總理衙門与北洋大臣 --- p.30-42 / Chapter 1 --- 「奏而不咨」的原則与折衷方法 / Chapter 2 --- 總署与北洋大臣：通商、洋務 / Chapter 3 --- 總署与北洋大臣：外交 / Chapter 第四節 --- 總理衙門与北洋大臣：權力関係的轉変 --- p.42-57 / Chapter 第二章 --- 李鴻章的才性与外交觀念 --- p.94-143 / Chapter 第一節 --- 李鴻章對洋務与外交的接觸与承担 --- p.96-100 / Chapter 第二節 --- 李鴻章的才性 --- p.100-109 / Chapter 第三節 --- 李鴻章外交觀念的形成 --- p.109-121 / Chapter 第三章 --- 李鴻章与《中日修好條規》的締定 --- p.149-194 / Chapter 第一節 --- 中國朝廷与疆吏對日本的態度 --- p.151-157 / Chapter 第二節 --- 李鴻章与中日近代外交的序幕 --- p.157-172 / Chapter 1 --- 中日聯結的構想 / Chapter 2 --- 對日、西聯為一氣的預防 / Chapter 3 --- 中日自強新政的比較 / Chapter 第四章 --- 李鴻章与台灣事件 --- p.197-332 / Chapter 第一節 --- 台灣事件与中日交涉 --- p.203-218 / Chapter 1 --- 日本的預謀 / Chapter 2 --- 總署与柳原之交涉 / Chapter 第二節 --- 李鴻章对台灣事件的態度和政策 --- p.219-243 / Chapter 1 --- 李鴻章對「牡丹社事件」的態度 / Chapter 2 --- 李鴻章對日本出兵的反應 / Chapter 3 --- 李鴻章處理台案的原則 / Chapter 4 --- 李鴻章主和的原因 / Chapter 第三節 --- 李鴻章解決台案的經過 --- p.243-253 / Chapter 第四節 --- 對李鴻章策畧的評論 / Chapter 第五節 --- 台事对中國的刺激 --- p.260-268 / Chapter 1 --- 籌議海防 / Chapter 2 --- 台事後李鴻章对日本外交的設計 / Chapter 第五章 --- 李鴻章与「江華島事件」 --- p.333-379 / Chapter 第一節 --- 中國的宗藩¨Œ念与中、日交涉 --- p.337-343 / Chapter 第二節 --- 李鴻章与「江華島事件」的處理 --- p.343-362 / Chapter 1 --- 李鴻章對中、日、韓關係的了解 / Chapter 2 --- 李鴻章的不干涉態度与日韓《江華條約》 / Chapter 3 --- 李鴻章对中、日、韓関係的期望 / Chapter 第六章 --- 李鴻章与琉球事件 --- p.380-486 / Chapter 第一節 --- 日本逐步併吞琉球与中國的反應 --- p.385-396 / Chapter 第二節 --- 駐日使團的建議与李鴻章的反應 --- p.396-406 / Chapter 第三節 --- 總署与李鴻章對日本廢琉球為縣的對策 --- p.407-414 / Chapter 第四節 --- 李鴻章對分島及修約之議的态度 --- p.414-422 / Chapter 第五節 --- 議論紛紜 --- p.423-435 / Chapter 第六節 --- 球案对中國的影响 --- p.435-444 / 結論 --- p.487-501