The aim of this thesis was to investigate the response of representative women in British Columbia to the Depression in Canada during the 1930's. Canadian women had had the vote for only eleven years before the economic crash in 1929. The crisis of the Depression provided an opportunity for women to use their new found political power to effect much needed reforms in the social and economic system. Women had argued that they were especially interested in the sphere of social reforms and welfare and that their vote would ensure the passage of many social reforms. During the 1920's, women in British Columbia did indeed help to secure the passage of many reforms. The Depression, however, was by far the most serious crisis faced by the enfranchised women. Three women's groups were investigated as representative of British Columbia women. These three organizations were chosen for their character and interest in social welfare. The Local Council of Women of Vancouver was not only the local branch of the most important women's group in Canada, but it also attempted, through its numerous affiliated societies, to speak for women as a whole. The Y.W.C.A. was the largest and most important women's organization specifically concerned with welfare work. The B.C. Conference Branch of the Woman's Missionary Society of the largest Protestant denomination in Vancouver, the United Church, was also interested in social welfare through its home Mission work. The major sources of information were the respective Minute Books of each group. This source was supplemented by histories of each organization; newspapers and journal articles, particularly on the work of women during the Depression; and various printed material on aspects of the Depression. The conclusion reached in the thesis was that the women of the three groups investigated did not rise to the challenge of the Depression by proposing or endorsing any important reforms or by seriously questioning the social and economic system which had produced the Depression. Although examination of other groups would be necessary to warrant broader generalization, the evidence here presented indicates that the hopes of those who believed that women as a group would prove to be a distinctive and compelling force in social and political life were not justified by the experience of the depression decade in British Columbia. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

The early works of Hugo von Hofmannsthal reveal a strong dichotomy. On the one hand he is drawn towards a mysticism in which he is strongly influenced by the German Romantics, particularly Novalis. The Romantics' tendency to negate the value of temporal existence is reinforced in Hofmannsthal's thought by the influence of the late nineteenth century aestheticism of his colleagues Arthur Schnitzler and Leopold Andrian, as well as of his contemporaries, Stefan George and Gabriel d'Annunzio. Hence there is in Hofmannsthal's early works a mystic sense of a non-temporal, non-spatial, all-embracing existence. Yet at the same time there is also an increasing awareness of the value of this earthly life, the need for a willing acceptance of it and actual participation in it. The ambivalence of Hofmannsthal's attitude reaches a climax in the year 1894-95. In that year Hofmannsthal is forced out of a hitherto much sheltered life in which he could devote himself almost entirely to his learning and his art into contact with the real world. In the spring of 1894 he takes his law examinations, and in preparing for them he is conscious of passing out of the years of schooling and preparation into the years of maturity and responsibility. During the previous autumn he wrote to his friend Edgar Karg about the earnestness of life: "Ich will diesen Ernst heuer sehr ernst nehmen und iiber meine Pflichten und Rechte ein biflchen nachdenken: damit meine ich nicht die dumme Staatsprdfung. Eher meine ich den Beruf im tieferen Sinn. Es giebt so viel, das vielleieht zu-sammenbrechen wird. Die Zeit hat etwas aufregend sehones."¹ In July his friend Josephine von Wertheimstein died and, probably for the first time, Hofmannsthal felt death as personal reality.² In the autumn of the same year Hofmannsthal enters the military service where he will have to learn to face a real possibility of his own death, and where, again for the first time in his life, he would have to work in the service of others, and live in a disciplined system with them. All these experiences combine to break down the isolated and artificial life which he had enjoyed till that time. In the summer of 1894, in the space of a few days following the death of Prau von Wertheimstein, Hofmannsthal writes the four Terzinen uber Verganglichkeit, primarily an expression of his Romantic mysticism, and at the same time he works on his Marchen der 672. Nacht (completed the following year) which is a violent exposure of the meaninglessness of a life removed from social morality. The purpose of this thesis is to attempt to show the nature of Hofmannsthal's dualism through an analysis of these two major works of the crucial 1894-95 year in which the opposite poles of his thought are most evident. Before looking at the works themselves it will be necessary to turn to Ad me ipsum, Hofmannsthal’s notes on his personal philosophy as a background for the understanding of his works, and to consider this philosophy as it derives from Romantic thought and as it is expressed in some of the other early works. ¹ Oct. 10, 1893, "Briefe an Edgar Karg aus den Jahren 1892-95," N. Rds., Vol. 73, (1962), p. 590. ² Just the Christmas before Hofmannsthal had described Prau von Wertheimstein as one of those "Die uns mehr als alle anderen sind", with whom he felt a~mystic communion of souls. Gedichte, p. 516. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Marcos Nobre / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T17:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BannwartJunior_ClodomiroJose_M.pdf: 11262965 bytes, checksum: 054e155c660d022a9fa0fb154e3f1b3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: Pretendemos analisar a ética do discurso a partir do seu requisito de uma identidade pós-convencional. Valemo-nos, num primeiro momento, do novo lugar ocupado pela filosofia no quadro da modernidade e sua atuação como ciência reconstrutiva. Num segundo momento, ocupamo-nos com a compreensão da teoria da evolução social habermasiana, implícita no processo de racionalização do mundo da vida, com o propósito de aclarar a constituição das sociedades pós-convencionais. Em seguida acompanhamos a reconstrução dos estágios da consciência moral empreendida pela psicologia do desenvolvimento, com intuito de verificar as condições que permitem ao indivíduo agir e julgar segundo princípios universais. Por último, examinamos o funcionamento da lógica do discurso prático com o intento de assegurar a fundamentação do princípio moral pós-convencional / Abstract: We intend to analysis the ethic of the discourse ITomhis requirement of an identity ostconventional. We are valuable, on the first moment, ofthe new site occupied by philosophy in the square of modernity and its actuation as reconstructive science. In a second moment, we occupy with the comprehension of theory of the habermasian social evolution, implicate of the process of rationalizing of the life world, with the purpose to make clear the constitution of the societies post-conventional. Following we follow the reconstruction ofthe periods ofthe moral conscience undertaking by the development of the psychology, with the intention to verify the conditions that permit to the individualproceed and to judge second universal principIes.At last, we examine the function of the logical of the practical speech with the intent of assert the basis of the moral principIe post-conventional / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

M.S.

It is the purpose of this thesis to present the artistic development of the socialist writer Günter Kunert. He is considered to be one of the important representatives of the literature of the German Democratic Republic where he has spent most of his life. His artistic creativity stretches over three decades. The different artistic and ideological periods of the development of this writer are presented in chronological order. An attempt is being made to explain why Kunert's work is of a politically provocative nature and why it shows such strong criticism towards the socialist country whose citizen he is. The thesis follows the writer from his early socialist didactical works to the "Subjektivierung" of his writings in the present time. In conclusion, the thesis attempts to understand the deep-rooted reasoning of an author who in spite of his unmistakably critical position towards the GDR intends to remain there.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.