Este trabajo realiza un estudio de La Tentación del Fracaso Diario Personal de Julio Ramón Ribeyro, a partir de la aplicación del tópico del ennui como factor de análisis e interpretación en el mundo interior, exterior y artístico del escritor peruano. Después de definir al ennui como una enfermedad del espíritu y el cuerpo, que afecta a las personas con una sensibilidad muy especial, se examina el ánimo apesadumbrado, triste, apático e inactivo, víctima de una depresión crónica en el escritor. Este registra cómo se enfrenta al mundo exterior que le resulta adverso y difícil debido a la falta de salud, carencias económicas, desorden y caos causados por su vida bohemia y ausencia de inspiración para su creación literaria, todas situaciones que lo limitan, entristecen y deprimen. El desánimo y la frustración se hacen evidentes en su vida artística, afectando la producción literaria ficcional al pasar por períodos de parálisis creativa, los que se tornan en productivos respecto de la escritura de los diarios en los que confiesa su desolación y angustia. / This study examines La Tentación del Fracaso Diario Personal written by Julio Ramón Ribeyro, a peruvian writer. The analysis focuses on the influence of ennui in the diarist’s inner, external and artistic world. After defining ennui as an illnes of soul and body that affects people with special sensitivity, we find the writer’s inner world analysis that reveals his sad, apathetic and inactive mood suffering from chronic depression. The writer tells us how he struggles with the external world full of adversity and difficulties due to bad health, economic problems, disorder and chaos caused by his bohemian lifestyle and lack of inspiration for his literary work, situations that limit, discourage and depress his dejected spirit. Despondency and frustration are evident in the writers’s artistic life affecting his fictional literary production during periods of creative paralysis, that turn to be productive for La Tentación del Fracaso when the diarist writes in his diary confessing his bleakness and anguish. / Tesis

Tesis

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Lim Wai-Man Jenifer. / Thesis submitted in: December 2002. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-105). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- The Problem of Personal Identity --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Personal Identity: A Review --- p.3 / Chapter 3. --- Different Versions of the Theory of Personal Identity --- p.6 / Chapter 3.1 --- Different Versions of the Physical Theory --- p.6 / Chapter 3.2 --- Different Versions of the Memory theory --- p.8 / Chapter 4. --- Cases of Exchanging Bodies --- p.14 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.17 / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- THE REDUPLICATION ARGUMENT --- p.19 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.19 / Chapter 2. --- Shoemaker's Brownson Case --- p.21 / Chapter 3. --- The Reduplication Argument --- p.22 / Chapter 4. --- "Memory Claims, Bodily Presence and Reincarnation" --- p.27 / Chapter 5. --- Objections to the Reduplication Argument --- p.31 / Chapter 5.1 --- The Two Cases are Different --- p.31 / Chapter 5.2 --- A Counter-Example by Robert Coburn --- p.33 / Chapter 5.3 --- A Too High Standard Set by the Reduplication Argument --- p.36 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.38 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- THE NONDUPLICATION ARGUMENT --- p.40 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.40 / Chapter 2. --- Story 1: The Memory Theorist's Understanding of 'Exchanging Bodies' --- p.41 / Chapter 3. --- Story 2: Williams' Analysis of the Experiment --- p.44 / Chapter 4. --- Conventionalist Decision and the Best Candidate Theory --- p.49 / Chapter 5. --- Conceptual Undecidability --- p.51 / Chapter 6. --- The Relationships between Criteria and Perspectives --- p.52 / Chapter 7. --- Conclusion: 'Exchanging Bodies' as an Artificial Neatness --- p.55 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- PARFIT'S THEORY --- p.56 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.56 / Chapter 2. --- The Nature of Personal Identity --- p.57 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Basic Teletransportation Case --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Branch-Line Teletransportation Case --- p.62 / Chapter 2.3 --- Physical Spectrum and Combined Spectrum --- p.65 / Chapter 2.4 --- Personal Identity: A Conceptual or Linguistic Issue --- p.68 / Chapter 3. --- The (Un)-Importance of Personal Identity --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1 --- Cases of Brain Operation --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2 --- Cases of Duplication --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3 --- Survival and its Moral Significance --- p.76 / Chapter 4. --- Conclusion --- p.78 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- CONCLUSION: THE IMPORTANCE OF ONE'S IDENTITY --- p.79 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.79 / Chapter 2. --- The Dependence on External Facts Versus the Principle of Intrinsicness --- p.81 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Non-Branching Memory Theory --- p.81 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Best Candidate Theory --- p.86 / Chapter 3. --- The Importance (or Unimportance) of Personal Identity --- p.92 / Chapter 3.1 --- Unimportance: ´بPersonal Identity' as a Linguistic Issue? --- p.92 / Chapter 3.2 --- Importance: Subjective Linkage of the First Person --- p.94 / Chapter 4. --- Conclusion --- p.98 / References --- p.102

Considéré comme l'un des grands auteurs de récit de voyage du 20e siècle, l'écrivain suisse Nicolas Bouvier publie L'Usage du monde en 1963, dans lequel il relate le voyage qu'il a accompli en compagnie de son ami, le peintre Thierry Vernet. Partis de Genève en juin 1953, au volant d'une petite Fiat Topolino, les deux voyageurs traversent l'Europe pour aller rejoindre l'Asie et atteignent Kaboul en décembre 1954. Pour Bouvier, le voyage implique une perte progressive de ce qui conforte l'identité afin d'accéder à une présence au monde plus spontanée. Dans l'écriture, cela se traduit par un « exercice de disparition » de la part du sujet d'énonciation qui tente de s'abstraire de son texte pour ne pas interférer entre celui-ci et le monde. Ce mémoire se propose de relever les prises de conscience qui conduisent Bouvier à développer cette stratégie narrative à l'aide de la notion d'altérité, envisagée ici comme principe dynamique du voyage et du récit. Dans le premier chapitre, nous exposons le cadre théorique qui sert à l'analyse en procédant à une synthèse de plusieurs théories sur l'altérité et à l'examen des principales caractéristiques du récit de voyage. Le deuxième chapitre s'intéresse à la manière dont le voyageur s'insère dans le monde. Le séjour dans des cultures dont il ne maîtrise ni les codes, ni la langue, ainsi que la proximité avec le dehors que favorise le déplacement à travers l'espace, conduisent le voyageur à développer une approche sensorielle qui lui permet de décoder les situations qui se présentent à lui. Cette lecture sensible contribue ainsi à ajuster les perceptions du voyageur à la réalité rencontrée et à prendre une distance avec son milieu d'origine. Dans le troisième chapitre, l'altérité est envisagée comme une force altérante, qui transforme peu à peu la perspective du voyageur sur le monde en le dépouillant des structures qui le déterminent. Le long séjour à Tabriz marque en effet une étape décisive dans le récit. Lorsque les voyageurs reprennent la route, les épreuves se succèdent et fragilisent le voyageur, qui, en contrepartie, semble plus réceptif au monde qui l'entoure. Enfin, le quatrième chapitre s'intéresse aux prises de conscience du voyageur à la toute fin du voyage ainsi qu'à la démarche d'écriture de Bouvier, notamment à cet exercice de disparition auquel l'auteur se prête dans son écriture et qui serait à notre avis une manière de provoquer le lecteur auquel il destine son texte. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Nicolas Bouvier, L'Usage du monde, récit de voyage, altérité, exotisme, perception.

Dissertatio ad lauream--Iuris canonici--Roma--Pontificia studiorum universitas a S.Thoma Aq. in urbe, 2002. / Bibliogr. p. 145-167.

August Halm (1869-1929) was a composer and theorist whose writings on music, especially his Harmonielehre (1900) and Von zwei Kulturen der Musik (1913), were widely known and highly respected in the early 20th century, particularly in Germany. In Von zwei Kulturen der Musik, Halm describes two historical cultures of music, opposes them dialectically, and identifies their synthesis. His first culture--melody--is exemplified by Bach’s fugues. The second culture--harmony--is exemplified by Beethoven’s works in sonata form. Halm believed a third culture that united the previous two had arisen in Bruckner's symphonies, the subject of his next book, Die Symphonie Anton Bruckners (1914). In Von zwei Kulturen, Halm demonstrates the way that these two cultures are different manifestations of dynamic forces in music. To Halm, a well-written fugal subject contains the seed from which the entire piece is generated. A fugue will only be as good as its subject, for its listener must be able to immediately apprehend the dynamic course of the piece. In contrast, the sonata form is the form of opposition that gains its energy from the working out of its two primary key areas. His idea of the organic nature of form is clear in his description of the fugue as the "formula of individuality" and the sonata as the "formula of the collective activity of many individuals,” that is, an “organism in the large.” Halm’s Von zwei Kulturen also provides us with valuable commentary on analytical practices of the time, as Halm criticizes the hermeneutic approaches taken by theorists such as Hermann Kretzschmar (1848-1924) and the narrative approach taken by critics like Paul Bekker (1882-1937). Halm believed that analysis or criticism that relied upon hermeneutic description or imposed narratives not only failed to educate one on the merits of good music and musical form, but also encouraged one to evaluate music according to the inventiveness of the analyst or critic. It is my hope that the English version presented here will introduce many readers to Halm’s unique perspective on music and criticism. / text

The first part of my master's thesis in creative writing explores the way the leading character's identity is structured as a function of memory. The protagonist, limited to a confined space, does not have access to his existence other than through the senses which are drawn from different episodes of his past. These reminiscences, that open the way to experience, forge his becoming, and allow him to superimpose his own individual path to memories that he has of those persons who have shaped his experience of the world. / The critical part of my work concerns the genesis and the elaboration of the last draft of Hubert Aquin's novel entitled "Obombre" in which the fragmented identity of the protagonist is defined through the destiny of other characters with whom he shares a common experience. The genetic studies approach in literature sheds light on the creative mechanisms and, in this particular case, the construction of a literary work by the superimposition of different narrative threads in a unique discourse.

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Loved or despised, black ministers Malcolm X and Martin Luther King made their ways from birth in Baptist parsonages separated by half a continent to significant positions in mid-twentieth century America. Both men were painfully dramatizing black problems and poignantly articulating black-white tensions when their careers were violently concluded in their thirty-ninth years by assassins' bullets-This dissertation is a study of the goals and strategies of these two ministers who became martyrs in the cause of freedom. The writings and speeches of each man served the author as the basic source from which the concepts which guided Malcolm and King were gleaned.Chapter I presents brief, integrated biographies of Malcolm and King as well as their reactions to the ideas of one another. Chapters II and III deal with Malcolm and King, respectively; the format is the same for both chapters. Following a short introduction, goals are reviewed. Then, attention is turned to the strategies by which each leader sought to secure his goals. At the end of each chapter a number of summary ideas which represent the author's personal reaction to the life of the man under review are presented. Chapter IV concludes the dissertation with an essay in which the styles and ideas of the two men are compared andcontrasted.Opinions about Malcolm and King and their roles in American society are as diverse as the number of people who have heeded them. -4To some, these two represent American determination for freedom at its most noble level; others cast them in the role of despicable demogogues. Some were able to accept King's leadership while rejecting Malcolm's. Some, who at first repudiated King, began to accept him when Malcolm's impassioned voice stirred new visions of racial revolution. Others felt that Malcolm was possessed with an urgency that was lacking in the approach of King.The operational principles of King's life were well defined when he became pastor of a Southern church in 1954. Early in his life King had synthesized the Christian message of love and the Ganahh en teaching, of nonviolence; this synthesis was to provide the springboard for his future ideology and program. It should not be assumed, however, that King did not develop new visions nor sense new relationships as he traveled the tortuous road from Montgomery to Memphis. Rather, it was his basic, undergirding position which was unchanged as he moved along that route.On the other hand, any attempt to force Malcolm's strategy into such a unitary mold will result in an inaccurate evaluation of the man. During the last fifty weeks of his life, Malcolm was undergoing significant philosophical changes. Even though he had earnestly preached orthodox Black Muslim doctrine for a dozen years, the split with Elijah Muhammad in early 1964 and especially the transforming Mecca pilgrimage caused his thinking to move in radically new directions. Many of his positions were not yet fully defined nor articulated at the time of his death.Malcolm and King presented American blacks with alternative means to secure the same goals. Both dramatically expressed feelings that were shared, some perhaps unconsciously, by most blacks. Their fearless articulation of the black plight attests to their personal integrity and their unflinching determination to build a more just world. By defining problems in a simple, naked manner a nation was briefly aroused from its apathy to deal creatively with its racial crisis. Perhaps, even now, the message Malcolm and King espoused has been too quickly forgotten.