Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier l’écriture du journal chez Annie Ernaux à partir de sept textes diaristiques : Journal du dehors, « Je ne suis pas sortie de ma nuit », La Vie extérieure, Se perdre, le « photojournal » d’Écrire la vie, L’Atelier noir et Regarde les lumières mon amour. Ces journaux se différencient par leur forme et par leur fond : journal intime, journal externe, journal d’écriture et photojournal. Ils entretiennent également des liens avec les textes littéraires de leur auteur. Nous nous sommes intéressé tout d’abord à leur poétique, en partant du cadre théorique de la forme journalière pour analyser leur transcription du temps, leur structure fragmentaire et la figure de la diariste. Puis nous avons étudié le rôle triple joué par la pratique diaristique chez l’auteur : le besoin de conserver une trace du vécu et du fait social, l’aide psychologique au quotidien et la découverte de soi. En dernier lieu, nous avons analysé les résonances des journaux dans les différents textes de notre corpus, les liens les unissant aux extraits intimes parus dans des revues littéraires, de même que les rapports entre journaux et récits, tant par leurs thématiques que par leur conception et le recours à la photographie. Notre étude montre ainsi toute l’importance jouée par le journal dans la vie et le travail littéraire d’Annie Ernaux. La forme diaristique lui est en effet indispensable pour retracer son existence, garantir sa vérité et accompagner ses projets d’écriture. / This thesis aims to study the diary writing of Annie Ernaux from seven diaristic texts: Journal du dehors, “Je ne suis pas sortie de ma nuit”, La Vie extérieure, Se perdre, “photojournal” in Écrire la vie, L’Atelier noir and Regarde les lumières mon amour. These diaries are differentiated by their forms and their contents: intimate diary, impersonal diary, literary diary, and photojournal. They also have links with the literary works of their author. We were interested first of all in their poetics, based on the theoretical framework of diary form in order to analyze their time transcription, their fragmentary structure and the diarist’s figure. Then we studied the triple role played by her diaristic practice: the need to keep a record of personal experience and social facts, the psychological assistance in daily life and the self-discovery. Finally, we analyzed the resonances in the texts of our corpus, their links with diary fragments published in literary journals, as well as the relationship between diaries and literary works, in their themes, their conception and the use of photography. Thus our study shows the diary’s importance in the life and the literary work of Annie Ernaux. The diaristic form is essential for her to trace her existence, guarantee her verity and accompany her writing projects.

In the aftermath of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa J.M.Coetzee writes of the "system" of guilt and shame, debt and retribution which operates throughout society. He and writers like Doris Lessing and Barbara Kingsolver tell stories which traverse and explore the paths tracked by society's quest for healing and restitution. (White) women too, Coetzee's protagonist (in Disgrace) muses, must have a place, a "niche" in this system. What is this "niche" and what role do the women in these texts play in the reparation of colonial wrong? How is their position dictated by discourses which acknowledge the agency of the (female) body in epistemologies of guilt and power? This mini-dissertation attempts to trace the figure of the white woman in three late 201h-/early 21 51-century postcolonial literary texts, in order to read the phrases of meaning that have been inscribed on her body. The novels read are J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace, Barbara Kingsolver's The Poisonwood Bible and Doris Lessing's The Grass is Singing. / English Studies / M. Eng. (Gender, Identity and Embodiment)

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Dans le cadre de la recherche, le choix des intellectuels s¤est limité aux juristes, aux philosophes et aux historiens. Mettant en parallèle prussianisme et nazisme, ces penseurs se sont livrés à des débats sur les origines, les causes, les conséquences et les différences des deux phénomènes. Deux théories se sont affrontées : le Nazisme considéré comme l¤achèvement du Prussianisme ou comme un phénomène nouveau « une révolution » et même un dépassement du Prussianisme. En un mot : continuité ou rupture, telle est la problématique ?

<p>I have taught pupils in several schools in eighth and ninth grade in ‘weak’ groups in mathematics. Most of them seemed to possess potential, but lacked motivation. Even though I tried several pedagogical methods, these approaches failed to engage the students. This prompted thoughts that this may reflect a broader structural problem about the organisation of education in Sweden. A rigid structure that is imposed on adolescents during a very important formative stage of their development that may not reflect their interests or needs and which, in fact, may have the adverse effect of de-motivating them. In response to these thoughts I began to investigate what alternative school system might provide more flexibility and choice for students. The alternative school system that appears to have the potential to effectively address the concerns raised above emerged in Sweden, in the 1950s and is commonly known as “Enhetsskolan”. In these schools pupils could chose according to their interests between three different streams of subjects. To examine the rationale behind “Enhetsskolan” I examined documentation produced during reviews of education during the 1940s. This reviews consisted of skolutredning (1940) and skolkommission (1946) and a subsequent Skolöverstyrelsens evaluation. I have also read some biographies and interviewed two persons about their experiences while they were students at Enhetsskolan in the 1950s. The research concludes that there are close similarities between the contemporary school system and the system that existed in the forties. In response to this finding it is suggested that there should be six years of common education in a primary school followed by at least three years in secondary school, where students have the freedom to select between several alternative subject streams - not too dissimilar to “Enhetsskolan” system of the 1950s.</p>

People born 1940-1949 will be more demanding regarding help from the elder care than previous generations. The explanation often proposed is that people born in the 1940’s grew up after the Second World War when cultural changes took place in society. The aim of this qualitative study was to describe the social needs of people born in the 1940’s today, in order to make cautious assumptions about what type of social needs elder care is likely to face in the future, when the older people becomes in need of elder care. A hermeneutic interpretation was made of the interviews with four older people born in the 1940’s who are not in need of elder care at the moment, and one social care assistant. The results showed that people born in the 1940’s want to maintain their current interests and activities in the future. Demands from the 1940’s generation concerning request for help from elder care, will according to this study and previous research, increase, especially concerning social needs and relationships. The conclusion is that the 1940’s generation will have bigger demands on getting various social needs satisfied, but how those needs will be met by the elder care, is still an open question for the future. / Fyrtiotalisterna kommer att ställa mer krav angående hjälp från äldreomsorgen än vad tidigare generationer gjort och förklaringen sägs vara att fyrtiotalisterna växte upp efter kriget då ett kulturellt skifte förändrade samhället. Syftet med denna studie var att redogöra för vilka sociala behov fyrtiotalister har i dagsläget för att göra försiktiga antaganden om vilka sociala behov som äldreomsorgen kan tänkas möta i framtiden, när fyrtiotalisterna blir i behov av äldreomsorg. Intervjuer med fyra fyrtiotalister som idag inte har något behov av äldreomsorg och en biståndshandläggare låg till grund för studien och analysen genomfördes utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visade att fyrtiotalisterna vill bevara sina nuvarande intressen och aktiviteter i framtiden. Kraven från fyrtiotalisterna kommer enligt denna studie och tidigare forskning att öka jämfört med tidigare generationer, speciellt när det rör sociala behov och relationer. Slutsatsen är att fyrtiotalisterna kommer ställa mer krav på att få olika sociala behov tillgodosedda, men hur dessa behov senare kommer att tillgodoses av äldreomsorgen är en öppen fråga för framtiden.

This study examines Angela Carter’s demythologising of origin myths and will investigate the extent to which her fictions offer viable alternatives that allow for productive representations of women and gender relations outside patriarchal paradigms. In the first half of the thesis (Chapters 1-3), I will primarily focus on how several of Carter’s earlier texts deconstruct existing mythical spaces, particularly the biblical creation story in Genesis. The Genesis myth is central to socio-historical constructions of gendered identities, and in itself, central to Carter’s imagination. She repeatedly returns to this myth in her challenging of the ways in which patriarchal narratives construct violent relations between self and other, specifically where ‘woman’ is situated as the repressed other of male desires and fears. Alongside her demythologising of Genesis, Carter deconstructs Freudian myths of sexual maturation, exposing where these also set up a relationship of antagonism or enmity between the sexes. Although Chapter One will explore how Carter attempts to revise these origin myths from a positive stance, Two and Three will focus on the inherent difficulties faced by the female subject in her struggle against patriarchal myths and their violent oppression of female autonomy. The second half of the thesis (Chapters 4-6) will shift to an investigation of how Carter’s later texts set up both possibilities and challenges for women when attempting to construct their own narratives of origin. Through her problematising of matriarchal myths and feminist fantasies of self-creation, Carter emphasises the need for confronting limitations rather than celebrating transgressions as entirely liberating. The thesis will conclude, however, with an examination of where Carter’s own attempts at remythologising opens up an alternative space, or ‘elsewhere’, of feminine desires that allows for a refiguring of the female subject as well as more reciprocal relations between the sexes.

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This dissertation presents a thematic study of the novels of John Nichols. Intended as an introduction to his major works of fiction, this study discusses the central themes and prominent characteristics of his seven novels and considers the impact of the Southwest on his work. Chapter One presents biographical information about Nichols, focusing on his political awakening and subsequent move to Taos, New Mexico. A visit to Guatemala, after the publication of The Sterile Cuckoo. his first novel, brought Nichols to a realization that America was not a benevolent world power. He began to consider capitalism a voracious, destructive economic system, a view which informed the subjects and themes of his five novels written after The Wizard of Loneliness. In 1969, Nichols left New York City, moving to Taos, New Mexico, an area with a history of physical and economic aggression against its predominantly Native American and Hispanic population. The five polemical novels, all set in northern New Mexico, were written after this move. Chapters Two through Four discuss Nichols's seven novels, analyzing theme and reviewing critical response. /V Chapter Two discusses The Sterile Cuckoo (1965) and The Wizard of Loneliness (1966), novels written prior to Nichols's political awakening. Both of these books are rite-of-passage novels which focus on relationships. Chapter Three analyzes The New Mexico Trilogy: The Milagro Beanfield War (1974), The Magic Journey (1978), and The Nirvana Blues (1981). These three novels depict the exploitation of people, the displacement of cultures, and the despoliation of land in the name of progress. Chapter Four considers A Ghost in the Music (1979) and American Blood (1987). Although these two books differ greatly in tone and subject, they are similar in the general theme of waste--waste of human potential and human life. Chapter Five identifies the prominent characteristics and reviews the major themes of Nichols's novels. It concludes with a discussion of the impact of the Southwest on Nichols and his literature.

This study looks at Jehan Alain's music itself. However, it does not propose to analyze every bar of every composition but rather to point out certain melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic traits that are peculiar to this composer's style. It will also set forth facts concerning Alain's registrations and other items of special interest to organists. Upon such investigation an attempt will be made to reach a critical evaluation of Alain as a composer for the organ.