Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der genetischen Optimierung der Spalthefe S. pombe für die biotechnologische Produktion von Fremdproteinen. Hierbei werden vor allem zwei Aspekte näher untersucht, zum einen die Stabilität des zu produzierenden Proteins und zum anderen die Bildung von Disulfidbrücken. Von anderen Organismen ist bekannt, dass die N-terminale AS im Verbund mit einem Lysinrest ein Protein destabilisieren kann. Das Modellprotein vVEGF besitzt an Position 2 einen Lysinrest (K2) und damit ein Hauptmerkmal eines derartigen Destabilisierungselementes. Falls das Protein dem Ubiquitin-vermittelten Abbau unterliegt, ist es wahrscheinlich, dass K2 eine essenzielle Rolle für die Stabilität dieses Proteins spielt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass K2 in S. cerevisiae destabilisierend wirkt, während es in S. pombe keinen destabilisierenden Effekt hat. Dieses Ergebnis spricht dafür, dass es Unterschiede im Ubiquitin-vermittelten Abbau von Proteinen in diesen beiden Hefen gibt. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit lag auf der Analyse und Optimierung der Bildung von Disulfidbrücken in S. pombe. Disulfidbrücken stellen eines der wichtigsten Elemente der korrekten Proteinfaltung dar und werden in Eukaryonten vorwiegend im oxidierenden Milieu des ER in das naszierende Protein eingeführt. Aus diesem Grunde wurden Proteindisulfid-isomerasen (PDIs) und ER-oxidoreduktin (Ero)-ähnliche Proteine, die die Schlüssel-komponenten der Bildung von Disulfidbrücken in Eukaryonten darstellen, näher untersucht. In S. pombe finden sich insgesamt drei PDI-Homologe (SpPdi1p, SpPdi2p und SpPdi3p) sowie zwei Ero-Homologe (SpEro1a p und SpEro1b p). Mit Ausnahme des nicht glycosylierten SpPdi2p, sind alle Proteine Membran-assoziierte glycosylierte Komponenten des ER. SpPdi2p und SpPdi3p sowie SpEro1a p und SpEro1b p liegen in vivo teilweise in oxidiertem Zustand vor. Des Weiteren konnte gezeigt werden, dass SpEro1b p, nicht jedoch SpEro1a p in der Lage ist, die temperatursensitive S. cerevisiae ero1-1-Mutante funktionell zu komplementieren. Interessanterweise ergab die Untersuchung konservierter Cysteine mittels gerichteter Mutagenese einerseits Unterschiede zwischen SpEro1a p und SpEro1b p sowie andererseits zwischen den S. pombe Ero-Proteinen und den Ero-Proteinen anderer Spezies. Im Gegensatz zu Ero1b p wird Ero1a p durch reduzierenden Stress und Hitzestress induziert. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass SpEro1b p für die Bildung von Disulfidbrücken unter normalen Wachstumsbedingungen nötig ist, während SpEro1a p vornehmlich bei der Adaption der Zellen an Stressbedingungen erforderlich ist. Abschließend konnte gezeigt werden, dass die gesteigerte Expression von SpEro1a p und SpEro1b p zu einer deutlich erhöhten Ausbeute des disulfidhaltigen heterologen Proteins Orf19p-HA führt. Dieser Befund impliziert, dass in S. pombe die Oxidation der Disulfidbrücken für die Faltung von Proteinen vermutlich limitierend ist.

This Master's thesis consists of two separate parts: Le vent dans les voiles, a travel fiction, is followed by a short essay, Le voyage comme archeologie de la memoire. / Le vent dans les voiles is both a travel fiction and a short apprenticeship novel. Julien Legare, an idealistic young man, is fond of Jim Morrison and Zarathoustra . As he is travelling in Europe, his dreams of intellectual and emotional liberation are breaking down to pieces. Disillusion eventually leads him to a new vision, beyond childhood nostalgia. / The essay is a mythocritical analysis of three Twentieth Century novels by Le Clezio, Proust and Gabrielle Roy: Le chercheur d'or, A la recherche du temps perdu and La Route d'Altamont . These books have in common the themes of travel, memory and creation. The three protagonists all long for the lost paradise of their childhood, thus they search for their origins. Travelling in space and time, on the outside and inside themselves, they become archaeologists of their own memory, digging for forgotten treasures. Is remembrance a topos of travel literature?

This doctoral dissertation examines the position of the Other with regard to the Ligue des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen (LDH) in France during the interwar period of the twentieth century. A key institution of French political and intellectual life, the Ligue des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen exemplified the confrontation and contradiction between theory, discourse, and reality. The dissertation is divided into two parts: the first part introduces Them, the members of the Ligue; while the second part describes (or identifies) the Other, the colonized migrants, the foreigners, the political and ethnic refugees of the interwar period. This research demonstrates that, although in theory these groups were considered equal in the name of universalism, in practice the discourse of the Ligue discriminated against them. The evidence shows that the members of the Ligue des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen despised all foreigners, and established the level of discrimination according to a hierarchy of contempt.

"Storied Voices in Native American Texts: Harry Robinson, Thomas King, James Welch and Leslie Marmon Silko" approaches Native American literatures from within an interdisciplinary framework that complicates traditional notions o f literary "origins" and canon. It situates the discussion of Native literatures in a Native American context, suggesting that contemporary Native American writing has its roots in Native oral storytelling traditions. Each of these authors draws on specific stories and histories from his or her Native culture. They also draw on European elements and contexts because these are now part o f Native American experience. I suggest that Native oral tradition is already inherently novelistic, and the stories that lie behind contemporary Native American writing explicitly connect past and present as aspects o f current Native reality. Contemporary Native American writers are continuing an on-going and vital storytelling tradition through written forms. A comparison of the texts o f a traditional Native storyteller, Robinson, with the highly literate novels of King, Welch and Silko, shows how orally told stories connect with the process o f writing. Robinson's storytelling suggests how these stories "theorize" the world as he experiences it; the Native American novel continues to theorize Native experience in contemporary times. Native writers use culturally specific stories to express an on-going Native history. Their novels require readers to examine their assumptions about who is telling whose story, and the traditional distinctions made between fact and fiction, history and story. King's Green Grass. Running Water takes stories from Western European literary traditions and Judeao-Christian mythology and presents them as part of a Native creation story. Welch's novel Fools Crow re-writes a particular episode from history, the Marias River Massacre, from a Blackfeet perspective. Silko's Almanac of the Dead recreates the Mayan creation story o f the Popol Vuh in the context o f twentiethcentury American culture. Each of these authors maintains the dialogic fluidity of oral storytelling performance in written forms and suggests that stories not only reflect the world, but that they create it in the way that Robinson understands storytelling as a form of theory.

This research examines the significance of water as it has been used as a subject in the visual arts, with particular concentration on the use of geometry as a means of accessing pictorial possibilities. The study focuses specifically on selected paintings by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851), Oscar Claude Monet (1840-1926) and Pat Steir (1940-) including some of Steir's etchings, to further demonstrate her thought processes and techniques. It is argued that the paintings of all three artists, although widely divergent yet include threads of commonality and convergence. All explore the fundamental structure of nature (in this case water) through geometry. In addition, spatial concepts through the use of light and colour are closely intertwined and give rise to metaphysical implications. Turner and Monet broke the bonds of the existing academic composition and style of painting. Their paintings pointed the way for artists of the twentieth century, like Steir to further explore the close relationship between the motif and abstract painting. References to paintings, other than the selected paintings, by these artists will be made in order to illustrate their different approaches yet similar objectives. Finally the relevance of the study to the candidate's own work will be correlated. The dissertation intends to offer a new interpretation of water as a subject in painting, by illuminating and illustrating aspects of the selected paintings by Turner, Monet and Steir. In conclusion, it is anticipated that this discourse will enrich and complement previous interpretations of water, when used as a subject in visual art. It is also envisaged that the study will suggest further research on the subject. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1992.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000746631.pdf: 1061176 bytes, checksum: f8251042c74df64b33f03adf1dd6a0f8 (MD5) / Nossa pesquisa de Mestrado tem em seu horizonte analítico investigar uma possível “visão de mundo arruinada” na obra de Caio Fernando Abreu (1948-1996). Para fundamentarmos a investigação, tomamos como foco da análise o romance Onde andará Dulce Veiga? (1990), com base nos escritos de Walter Benjamin e Antônio Candido. A ruína é entendida como o fragmento de algo que já fora maior, ao passo que o arruinamento é o processo em que ocorre a expansão dos elementos arruinadores. A “visão de mundo arruinada” mediaria os termos de uma equação em que há a representação da ruína e do processo de arruinamento, tanto na esfera temática quanto estrutural. Desta forma, se busca compreender como a “visão de mundo arruinada” perpassa algumas das escolhas textuais como o uso de uma linguagem fragmentada que, além de estabelecer um diálogo intertextual com a cultura de massas, remete à concepção de alegoria / Our Masters research has in its analytic horizon to investigate a possible worldview ruined in the work of Caio Fernando Abreu (1948-1996). To effectively research, we focus on analyzing the novel Whatever happened to Dulce Veiga? (1990), based on the writings of Walter Benjamin and Antonio Candido. The ruin is understood as the fragment of something that had already been increased, while ruining is the process in which occurs the expansion of book burners elements. The worldview ruined could mediate terms of an equation in which there is the representation of ruin and the process of ruining both the thematic and structural spheres. This way, if tries to understand how the worldview ruined pervades some of the textual choices such as using a fragmented language that, in addition to establishing an intertextual dialogue with mass culture, refers to the concept of allegory