This study was designed to compare the price levels of the Northern and Southern marketing areas and to determine if the returns to Virginia vegetable growers would be increased if more shipments were made to the Southern area. Six crops, snap beans, cabbage, sweet corn, cucumbers, peppers, and tomatoes, were studied during 1954, 1955, and 1956. Eighteen consecutive weeks beginning near the first of June were studied during each year. Price and quantity data were collected from the daily market reports of New York, Baltimore, and Atlanta. Additional data on shipments of the six crops from Virginia were collected from Eastern Virginia vegetable producers. The prices which Virginia vegetable growers received for their produce in the terminal markets were found to be within a 25 percent range of the weekly terminal market median prices for 74 percent of the shipments where comparisons could be made. The price level in the Southern market was significantly higher than in the Northern market for snap beans, cucumbers, peppers, and tomatoes. There was no difference between the Northern and Southern market price levels for cabbage and sweet corn at the desired confidence level, but the Southern market price level was found to be higher at the 20 percent confidence level. The analysis of the two Northern markets indicates that no significant difference existed in the price levels of these markets for any of the crops. This relationship could not be accepted at the desired confidence level for cabbage, peppers, and tomatoes because the price variances were not homogeneous. After deducting transportation costs from Virginia to the respective markets, the highest net price to Virginia vegetable growers for most crops was available more often from the Southern market than in the Northern market. The study of these net prices in conjunction with the shipments by Virginia growers during the same period indicated that even though higher returns could have been realized from shipments to the Southern marketing area, Virginia growers generally did not take advantage of them. Some significant relationships between price and quantity arriving on the market were found. However, a few of the relationships did not conform to the traditional inverse relationships of the factors as expressed economic theory. Such results indicate that the data may not have been suitable for this type analysis. Complete data on the price of each unit and the total number of units in the markets should give a more reliable supply and demand relationship. Although the weekly period proved satisfactory for determining the differences in price levels of the markets, the use of such a period imposes serious limitations on the analysis of price and quantity relationships. If marketing decisions generally are made on the basis of the relative prices of the previous day or two days on the markets, the weekly period may average out many of the pertinent differences. Even though the demand in the Southern market was usually more elastic than in the Northern market, the price in the Southern market was found to generally be more responsive to a given change in quantity arriving on the market. This responsiveness of price to varying quantities arriving on the market was primarily a function of the difference in the size of the markets. The elasticity of demand of the markets was found to be of secondary importance in determining the responsiveness of price. The greatest difference in price responsiveness between the markets was for peppers. They were much more responsive to changes in the quantity arriving in the Southern market than in the Northern market. The prices of snap beans, cucumbers, and tomatoes are also more responsive to quantity changes in the Southern market. The price of sweet corn was found to be more responsive to additional carlot arrivals in the Northern market. Cabbage was not used in the calculations because the preliminary results did not conform to economic theory. / Master of Science

Christiansburg and Cambria, being adjacent to one another, have considered at various times the idea of merging. A study of a proposed consolidated town shows such a project is feasible. In determining the advisability of a consolidated town, the finances of such a town were investigated. A consolidation will have an effect on both income and expenditures. / Master of Science

Master of Science

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013

Esta disertación tiene como objetivo realizar el análisis de la crítica literaria en tres autores: el brasilero Mário de Andrade (1893-1945), el colombiano Baldomero Sanín Cano (1861-1957) y el mexicano Alfonso Reyes (1889-1959), dentro de los contextos histórico-culturales del Modernismo Hispanoamericano de entre siglos y el Modernismo Brasilero de los años 20 y 30, así como de la Revolución Cultural mexicana de inicios del siglo XX. El concepto que sustenta tal análisis es el de valor menor que remite, a partir de la idea barthesiana de imagen, a una palabra que, estando dentro del texto crítico mismo, funciona como clave reveladora y potencializadora del sentido de esa lectura crítica. El valor menor, a diferencia del valor mayor que sería la expresión de una época y de una generación, se propone aquí como la expresión subjetiva que mejor se alía a la práctica de la crítica literaria ejercida desde el ensayo como escritura de búsqueda de sentido y no de certezas conclusivas. / The aim of this this thesis is to analyze the practice of literary criticism in Brazilian Mário de Andrade (1893-1945), Colombian Baldomero Sanín Cano (1861-1957), and Mexican Alfonso Reyes (1889-1959), inside the historical and cultural context of Hispano-American Modernism (between centuries) and Brazilian Modernism (20´s and 30´s) as well as the Mexican Cultural Revolution at the beginning of the XX century. \"This analysis relies upon the concept of Minor Values, which departs from Barthes\' proposed image. It refers to a word which, being part of the critical text, works as a revealing key, strengthening the sense of the critical text. Different from the major value -true expression of an epoch and generation-, the minor value is the most subjective expression that best adheres to the practice of literary criticism from the point of view of the literary essay as a quest for sense instead of certainties.

Esta pesquisa focaliza a produção do analista austro-húngaro Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957) voltada para o tema dos cuidados na primeira infância. Ela visa, em última instância, contribuir para aprofundar o conhecimento e a discussão a respeito das ideias de Reich no universo da pesquisa acadêmica. Com esse intuito, efetuamos um trabalho de articulação (aproximações e distanciamentos) entre as formulações de Reich e as do psicanalista inglês Donald Woods Winnicott (1896-1971), uma vez que o analista inglês se dedicou intensamente ao assunto cuidados na primeira infância. De início, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico para identificar investigações endereçadas, de alguma forma, ao pareamento entre as ideias de Reich e Winnicott. A partir do material encontrado e do estudo das abordagens de Reich e Winnicott, elegemos quatro eixos de análise: a) potencial humano; b) o ambiente: responsáveis, funções e condições; c) concepção de saúde e o saber singular e d) possíveis efeitos das falhas nos primeiros cuidados. Em termos de resultados, algumas linhas de convergência entre as ideias de Reich e Winnicott foram sugeridas. Ressaltamos, nesse domínio, uma possível aproximação entre as noções de contato substituto (Reich) e falso-self (Winnicott). Por outro lado, distanciamentos também se fizeram presentes. Por exemplo, o psicanalista inglês procurou traçar os caminhos pelos quais, com base nas falhas nos cuidados iniciais, determinada psicopatologia poderia ser gerada. Já Reich abordou o assunto com uma orientação mais geral, sempre apontando os prejuízos globais ao organismo decorrentes de falhas nos primeiros cuidados / This research focuses on the production of the Austro-Hungarian psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957) with respect to the early childhood care. Primarily, it intends to help to deepen the knowledge of, and discussion on, Reichs ideas in the academic research universe. With this purpose, we conducted a work of articulation (proximities and distances) between Reichs formulations and those of the English psychoanalyst Donald Woods Winnicott (1896-1971), considering that Winnicott intensively studied the early childhood care. Initially, we conducted a bibliographic survey to identify investigations in any manner intending to establish a parallel between Reichs and Winnicotts ideas. Based on the material found and the study of Reichs and Winnicotts approaches, we elected four axes of analysis: a) human potential; b) the environment: persons responsible, functions and conditions; c) the conception of health and the singular knowledge, and d) possible effects of failures in the early childhood care. In the results, some lines of convergence between Reichs and Winnicotts ideas were suggested. In this regard, we point out a possible proximity between the notions of substitute contact (Reich) and fake self (Winnicott). On the other hand, distances were also found. For instance, Winnicott attempted to trace back the paths by which, based on such early caregiving failures, a certain psychopathology might be generated. Reich, instead, addressed the matter through a more general approach, always stressing the general harms resulting from early caregiving failures

Esta pesquisa focaliza a produção do analista austro-húngaro Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957) voltada para o tema dos cuidados na primeira infância. Ela visa, em última instância, contribuir para aprofundar o conhecimento e a discussão a respeito das ideias de Reich no universo da pesquisa acadêmica. Com esse intuito, efetuamos um trabalho de articulação (aproximações e distanciamentos) entre as formulações de Reich e as do psicanalista inglês Donald Woods Winnicott (1896-1971), uma vez que o analista inglês se dedicou intensamente ao assunto cuidados na primeira infância. De início, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico para identificar investigações endereçadas, de alguma forma, ao pareamento entre as ideias de Reich e Winnicott. A partir do material encontrado e do estudo das abordagens de Reich e Winnicott, elegemos quatro eixos de análise: a) potencial humano; b) o ambiente: responsáveis, funções e condições; c) concepção de saúde e o saber singular e d) possíveis efeitos das falhas nos primeiros cuidados. Em termos de resultados, algumas linhas de convergência entre as ideias de Reich e Winnicott foram sugeridas. Ressaltamos, nesse domínio, uma possível aproximação entre as noções de contato substituto (Reich) e falso-self (Winnicott). Por outro lado, distanciamentos também se fizeram presentes. Por exemplo, o psicanalista inglês procurou traçar os caminhos pelos quais, com base nas falhas nos cuidados iniciais, determinada psicopatologia poderia ser gerada. Já Reich abordou o assunto com uma orientação mais geral, sempre apontando os prejuízos globais ao organismo decorrentes de falhas nos primeiros cuidados / This research focuses on the production of the Austro-Hungarian psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957) with respect to the early childhood care. Primarily, it intends to help to deepen the knowledge of, and discussion on, Reichs ideas in the academic research universe. With this purpose, we conducted a work of articulation (proximities and distances) between Reichs formulations and those of the English psychoanalyst Donald Woods Winnicott (1896-1971), considering that Winnicott intensively studied the early childhood care. Initially, we conducted a bibliographic survey to identify investigations in any manner intending to establish a parallel between Reichs and Winnicotts ideas. Based on the material found and the study of Reichs and Winnicotts approaches, we elected four axes of analysis: a) human potential; b) the environment: persons responsible, functions and conditions; c) the conception of health and the singular knowledge, and d) possible effects of failures in the early childhood care. In the results, some lines of convergence between Reichs and Winnicotts ideas were suggested. In this regard, we point out a possible proximity between the notions of substitute contact (Reich) and fake self (Winnicott). On the other hand, distances were also found. For instance, Winnicott attempted to trace back the paths by which, based on such early caregiving failures, a certain psychopathology might be generated. Reich, instead, addressed the matter through a more general approach, always stressing the general harms resulting from early caregiving failures

Nossa pesquisa objetiva apurar interseções, ressonâncias e diferenças entre aspectos do pensamento de Wilhelm Reich e dos fundadores da esquizoanálise, Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. Seguimos, assim, a inclinação de estudiosos brasileiros da obra de Reich à interlocução com outros autores e ao enlace entre formulações reichianas e esquizoanalíticas presente em outros artigos, dissertações e teses. Nosso interesse específico recai sobre a questão do pensamento crítico dos autores escolhidos tema que pode trazer contribuições para a investigação acadêmica, visto que vislumbramos um terreno a ser habitado e, até onde temos conhecimento, ainda inexplorado. Em termos metodológicos, realizamos um levantamento de publicações que mencionam proposições de Reich, Deleuze e Guattari. Além de constatar que ultrapassam as fronteiras nacionais, verificamos que se trata de diálogo instaurado há mais de trinta anos e retomado depois de 1994. O material totaliza 24 textos, nos quais observamos dois grupos com características distintas. No primeiro deles, verifica-se uma breve referência a Reich e à esquizoanálise, sem uma acurada comunicação entre suas idéias; e, no outro conjunto, ao contrário, busca-se o debate conceitual. Localizamos nossa dissertação junto ao segundo grupo em razão de constituir-se como um trabalho teórico, que se concentra na discussão de idéias de Reich, Deleuze e Guattari e de pesquisadores de seus enfoques. Em conclusão, no que diz respeito à visão crítica, observamos o explícito combate cultural de Reich e destacamos igualmente a proposta da esquizoanálise em favor do inconformismo e da produção de transformação social. Todavia, se notamos essa peculiar convergência, o estudo de Deleuze acerca da diferença vem influenciar nossa dissertação no sentido de deixar de lado a exaltação das semelhanças, uma vez que o reconhecimento das distinções estabelece a possibilidade de vibração intensiva. Pretendemos, então, assinalar divergências inegáveis entre a abordagem reichiana e a de Deleuze e Guattari, e a militar por múltiplas interferências. Assim, ao longo da depuração dos tópicos deste trabalho, procuramos dar lugar à formação inusitada de heterocomposições entre formulações de Reich e de Deleuze e Guattari. Mostramos como tal exercício de comunicação estabelece um rico campo de correspondências e afetações e, percebendo o potencial dessa interlocução, sugerimos temas para novos estudos. / This research aims at examining intersections, resonances and differences among certain aspects of the thought of Wilhelm Reich and that of the founders of schizoanalysis, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. We have thus followed a trend in Brazilian researchs of establishing a dialogue between Reichs work and that of other authors, as well as between Reichian and schizoanalytic formulations present in other articles, dissertations and theses. Our focus dwells specifically upon the critical reasoning of the chosen authors a theme that may bring in contributions to academic investigations, since a whole field can be explored in that subject, and, as far as we can tell, it has not been explored yet. In methodological terms, we have listed up publications that mention the propositions of Reich, Deleuze and Guattari. Besides noticing that they go beyond national boundaries, we have also seen that this dialogue started more than 30 years ago, and was taken up after 1994. This material sums up to 24 texts, in which we can note two groups with distinct characteristics. In the first one, a short reference to Reich and to schizoanalysis is made, without a focused communication between them; in the second group of texts, on the contrary, a conceptual debate is sought for. We place this dissertation among the second group, since it constitutes a theoretical work, focusing on the discussion of ideas brought up by Reich, Deleuze and Guattari and also by researchers of their work. Summing up, insofar as a critical approach is concerned, we have observed the explicit cultural battle of Reich, equally highlighting the proposal of schizoanalysis in favor of dissent and the production of social transformation. However, if, on the one hand, we see this peculiar convergence, on the other hand, the study of Deleuze on difference comes as an influence in our dissertation in the sense of putting aside the craving for similarities, since recognizing distinctions establishes the possibility of intensive vibration. We aim, then, at pointing out undeniable divergences between the Reichian approach and that of Deleuze and Guattari, and to set forth multiple interferences. Thus, throughout the depuration of the topics in our work, we intend to give a place for the unusual formation of heterocompositions among the formulations of Reich and of Deleuze and Guattari. We show how such an exercise of communication establishes a rich field of correspondences and affectations, and, realizing the potential of this dialogue, we suggest themes for upcoming further studies.

Les conventions franco-marocaines du 5 octobre 1957 et du 10 août 1981 constituent le socle de la coopération bilatérale entre les États français et marocain en matière familiale internationale. Négociées il y a plusieurs décennies, elles ont pour objectif de garantir aux ressortissants des deux États l’application de leur statut personnel sur le territoire de l’autre État et de mieux assurer la protection des enfants et des créanciers d’aliments. Ces conventions se sont toutefois heurtées à l’hétérogénéité des ordres juridiques français et marocains. L’européanisation croissante du droit international privé de la famille invite à s’interroger sur la place laissée par les droits européens aux conventions bilatérales franco-marocaines. L’applicabilité des conventions franco-marocaines est mise à l’épreuve par l’emprise croissante des règlements européens de droit international privé articulés aux conventions de La Haye. L’enchevêtrement des normes applicables conduit alors à examiner les solutions permettant d’articuler les sources entre elles. Dans les hypothèses où elles demeurent applicables, les conventions franco-marocaines sont là encore soumises aux droits européens. L’influence des droits européens peut alors servir les objectifs conventionnels et porter les conventions franco-marocaines vers plus d’efficacité, ou alors infléchir les obligations bilatérales lorsque les valeurs européennes se trouvent mise en cause. / The French-Moroccan agreements of October, 5th 1957 and August, 10th 1981 establish the base of the bilateral cooperation between French and Moroccan States in the field of private international family law. Negotiated several decades ago, they have for objective to guarantee to the nationals of both States the application of their personal status on the territory of the other State and to insure the protection of the children and the maintenance creditors. These conventions however came up against the differences existing between the French and Moroccan legal orders. The increasing Europeanisation of the private international family law invites to wonder about the place left by European laws for the application of the French-Moroccan bilateral agreements. The applicability of the French-Moroccan conventions is put to a test by the increasing influence of the European regulations articulated with the Hague Conference’s conventions. When they are applicable, the French-Moroccan agreements are submitted even there to European laws. Then, the influence of European law can serve the conventional objectives and carry the French-Moroccan agreements towards more efficiency, or bend the bilateral obligations when the European values are questioned.

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica sobre a relação primária mãebebê, segundo os referenciais teóricos de Freud e Winnicott. O modelo narcísico freudiano da Primeira Tópica dialogará com a perspectiva relacional winnicottiana sobre a constituição do sujeito. Inicialmente serão feitas algumas considerações sobre a constituição psíquica no tempo pré-narcísico e sobre a teoria freudiana da sexualidade. Em seguida, a relação primária será estudada através da perspectiva winnicottiana do amadurecimento humano primitivo infantil, abrangendo os conceitos da transicionalidade, da ilusão e dos objetos transicionais. Conclui-se com a constatação de que há em Winnicott uma teoria do amadurecimento pessoal que engloba e ultrapassa a teoria do desenvolvimento da sexualidade de Freud / Sem abstract