During the 1990’s the world witnessed a crime drop throughout all categories of crime. Many researchers have sought to seek an explanation for this drop; however, there has been a lack of concrete findings to fully explain this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to explore a further reasoning as to why this drop occurred, specifically throughout the United States. An unexplored factor to explain this phenomenon is the increase of household computer ownership during the 1990’s. During this decade, household computers and the internet became prevalent throughout the nation. This study utilized secondary data from the Uniform Crime Report and the United States Current Population survey, with support from routines activities theory, to answer the research question to find if there was a correlation between household computer use and the crime drop. The results for this study found that there was a positive correlation between household computer ownership, household internet ownership, and all realms of crime. With this, it is important to note that the social trend of household computer ownership is not the only reasoning for this phenomenon.

215f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-08T18:17:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert_Ely Fujyama.pdf: 3828999 bytes, checksum: 628448b5ebc8b7e8213cb268c20244d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-08T18:23:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert_Ely Fujyama.pdf: 3828999 bytes, checksum: 628448b5ebc8b7e8213cb268c20244d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-08T18:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert_Ely Fujyama.pdf: 3828999 bytes, checksum: 628448b5ebc8b7e8213cb268c20244d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Este trabalho visa analisar a representação dos japoneses e japonesas nas campanhas publicitárias da empresa de eletro-eletrônicos Semp Toshiba, veiculadas no Brasil na década de 1990 através de comerciais de televisão. Tem como objetivo principal encontrar caminhos que possam responder ao questionamento do que faz com que os japoneses sejam apresentados sempre de terno e são relacionados ao moderno e ao tecnológico e, por sua vez, as mulheres japonesas estão sempre de kimono e são relacionadas ao antigo e ao tradicional. Como base teórico-metodológica fizemos uso de Geertz (1989), e sua “descrição densa” para analisar de forma aprofundada as peças publicitárias para depois encontrar pontos recorrentes e em comum que possam servir de guia na busca do objetivo deste trabalho, no que Gastaldo (2000) intitulou “etnografia do mundo do anúncio”. Fazemos uso também do conceito de cultura em Hall (1997), novamente Hall (2001) no conceito de identidade, além de Cuche (1999) e o conceito de estereótipo em Pereira (2002). / Salvador

In 1982, when the Social Democrats returned to power, they had two goals. One was to increase the growth in the economy, another to decrease the public debt. This led to a new economic policy for the Social Democrats. The new economic policy was influenced by the neoliberal ideology that started to spread throughout the world from the late 1970s. The purpose of this study is to examine if the Social Democrats favoured economic growth over welfare, fair distribution and state ownership. The results of the study was analyzed with the use of Hiroto Tsukadas Welfare State Theory. The theory claims that politicians favour investments over welfare because welfare consumption decreases economic growth. The empirical analysis is based on parliament debates, party and union congresses, policy programs and memoirs. The results show that the arguments from leading social democrats were pro-growth and for investments over welfare spending and fair distribution policy.

Studien är genomförd med en kvalitativ metod och undersöker hur nyinträdda på arbetsmarknaden upplever arbetsmotivation och vad som driver dem i yrkeslivet. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka om det går att urskilja några nya aspekter som inte tidigare uppmärksammats bland befintliga motivationsteorier. Empirin utgörs av tolv semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer i arbete födda på 1990-talet, där varje intervju var cirka 45 minuter lång. Resultatet visar att det finns en medvetenhet och ett hållbarhetsperspektiv hos intervjupersonerna som väger tyngre än exempelvis lön och omgivning. Vi kan med hjälp av det empiriska materialet se tendenser som pekar på att intervjupersonerna drivs och motiveras av faktorer som ligger långt fram i tiden, och att de kan finna mening i arbetsuppgifter som kanske inte generar någon direkt belöning. Intervjupersonerna har en långsiktig och hållbar syn på sitt arbete och motiveras av framtiden, och i de fall där arbetet inte är stimulerande har synsättet blivit en form av överlevnadsstrategi. Denna dimension av långsiktighet presenteras inte i tidigare motivationsteorier och vi vill därför mena att vi bidragit med viktiga insikter att vidare studera. / The following report is a qualitative study, and examines how newcomers to the labor market experiencing motivation and what drives them in their professional life. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate whether if it’s possible to discern some new aspects that is not mentioned in existing motivation theories. The empirical data consists of twelve semi-structured interviews with persons born in the 1990s, where each interview was approximately 45 minutes long. The result shows that there is an awareness and a kind of sustainability in the interviewees answers, that outweighs economic factors and surroundings. We can with the help of the empirical material see a trend that suggest that interviewees are driven and motivated by factors which lies further in the future, and that they can find meaning in the tasks that might not generate any direct reward. The interviewees have a long-term and sustainable approach to their work and are motivated by the future, and this point of view has become a form of survival strategy whenever the work is not stimulating enough. This dimension of sustainability is not presented in the earlier theories of motivation and we would therefore like to suggest that we contributed with important insights to further study.

DANISH THEATRE AND DRAMA IN 1990'S TÁŇA ŠVEHLOVÁ Abstract: The thesis deals with the blom of Danish drama in the 1990s. The first chapter Theatre Context concerns the cultural-political grounds for the development of new writing for theatre, and introduces the most significant theatres that to stage Danish drama. The second chapter Dramatics in the 1990's is a literary-historical approach to 9 of the most important playwrights' work (N.Cederholm, E. Jepsen, J. Ørnsbo, A. Saalbach, J. Rohde, M. Vizki, P. Asmussen, N. Werdelin, L. Knutzon). The final chapter presents a practical insight into Danish drama via an anylysis of Line Kunzon's drama Soon the Time Will Come (Snart kommer tiden, 1998).

A década de 1990 foi marcada por importantes transformações de caráter estrutural ocorridas no ambiente econômico e institucional brasileiro que estiveram ligadas tanto ao novo conjunto de políticas macroeconômicas adotado, quanto à implementação de reformas de cunho liberalizante. O objetivo das medidas adotadas era de estabelecer condições para a retomada do crescimento da economia, de forma a que a crise da década anterior fosse superada. Apesar de um grande salto no crescimento não ter sido observado, houve uma relativa recuperação das taxas de crescimento na década de 1990 e no início dos anos posteriores. Com foco nas reformas liberalizantes que foram implementadas, esta dissertação procura investigar a maneira e os meios pelos quais as mudanças verificadas nas principais áreas reformadas geraram impacto sobre o desempenho econômico do país. Para tanto, utiliza-se dois referenciais teóricos: (i) a nova economia institucional, que fornece o substrato para a interpretação do caráter institucional das reformas; e (ii) a teoria de crescimento econômico com base nos modelos de crescimento neoclássicos, que permitem a investigação empírica acerca dos efeitos das reformas sobre a taxa de crescimento da economia. A análise empreendida verificou, primeiramente, que, de acordo com o exercício de decomposição da taxa de crescimento realizado para o período considerado de 1960 a 2005, o elemento cuja variação mais contribuiu para a variação da taxa de crescimento dos anos em questão foi a produtividade total dos fatores descontada da fronteira tecnológica (PTFD). Com base neste resultado, realizou-se a aplicação de um modelo econométrico em que a PTFD foi a variável dependente e os índices de reforma construídos as variáveis explicativas. O resultado final a que se chegou mostrou que apenas a abertura comercial e a reforma do setor financeiro nacional, dentre as quatro áreas reformadas aqui consideradas, estiveram associadas ao comportamento da PTFD no período analisado, especialmente na década de 1990, indicando que um meio pelo qual essas duas reformas geraram impactos sobre a taxa de crescimento da economia parece ter sido a PTFD. / The 1990's were characterized by important structural changes in the economic and institutional Brazilian environment, and these changes were associated to a new macroeconomic policy regime and to the implementation of economic reforms based on a liberal set of rules. The main objective behind the measures that were taken was to establish basic conditions to foster economic growth rate recovery. Although a great increase in the growth rate had not been verified, there was a relative recovery of the economic performance in the 1990's and in the beginning of following years. This thesis focus on the analysis of liberalization reforms implemented in the 1990's, and investigates the ways through which they had affected economic growth in Brazil. In this way, the study was build upon two theoretical bases: (i) the new institutional economics, which gives us the substratum to the interpretation of the institutional nature of reforms; and (ii) the economic growth theory on the bases of neoclassical growth models, which allows the empirical inquiry concerning the impact of the reforms on the rate of economic growth. The undertaken analysis in this research has shown, first of all, that, in accordance to the growth rate decomposition exercise, carried out through the years of 1960's to 2005, the element whose variation rate had most significant contribution to the variation of growth rate was the total factor productivity discounted by the technological frontier (TFPD). Based on this preliminary result, the econometric analysis took into account a model in which TFPD was the dependent variable, and the structural reforms indicators the independent variables. The final result showed that only opening trade and financial reforms, amongst the four reformed areas considered in this study, had been associated to the behavior of TFPD in the analyzed period, especially in the 1990's, indicating that the way through which these two reforms had affected the economic performance seems to have been the TFPD.

A década de 1990 foi marcada por importantes transformações de caráter estrutural ocorridas no ambiente econômico e institucional brasileiro que estiveram ligadas tanto ao novo conjunto de políticas macroeconômicas adotado, quanto à implementação de reformas de cunho liberalizante. O objetivo das medidas adotadas era de estabelecer condições para a retomada do crescimento da economia, de forma a que a crise da década anterior fosse superada. Apesar de um grande salto no crescimento não ter sido observado, houve uma relativa recuperação das taxas de crescimento na década de 1990 e no início dos anos posteriores. Com foco nas reformas liberalizantes que foram implementadas, esta dissertação procura investigar a maneira e os meios pelos quais as mudanças verificadas nas principais áreas reformadas geraram impacto sobre o desempenho econômico do país. Para tanto, utiliza-se dois referenciais teóricos: (i) a nova economia institucional, que fornece o substrato para a interpretação do caráter institucional das reformas; e (ii) a teoria de crescimento econômico com base nos modelos de crescimento neoclássicos, que permitem a investigação empírica acerca dos efeitos das reformas sobre a taxa de crescimento da economia. A análise empreendida verificou, primeiramente, que, de acordo com o exercício de decomposição da taxa de crescimento realizado para o período considerado de 1960 a 2005, o elemento cuja variação mais contribuiu para a variação da taxa de crescimento dos anos em questão foi a produtividade total dos fatores descontada da fronteira tecnológica (PTFD). Com base neste resultado, realizou-se a aplicação de um modelo econométrico em que a PTFD foi a variável dependente e os índices de reforma construídos as variáveis explicativas. O resultado final a que se chegou mostrou que apenas a abertura comercial e a reforma do setor financeiro nacional, dentre as quatro áreas reformadas aqui consideradas, estiveram associadas ao comportamento da PTFD no período analisado, especialmente na década de 1990, indicando que um meio pelo qual essas duas reformas geraram impactos sobre a taxa de crescimento da economia parece ter sido a PTFD. / The 1990's were characterized by important structural changes in the economic and institutional Brazilian environment, and these changes were associated to a new macroeconomic policy regime and to the implementation of economic reforms based on a liberal set of rules. The main objective behind the measures that were taken was to establish basic conditions to foster economic growth rate recovery. Although a great increase in the growth rate had not been verified, there was a relative recovery of the economic performance in the 1990's and in the beginning of following years. This thesis focus on the analysis of liberalization reforms implemented in the 1990's, and investigates the ways through which they had affected economic growth in Brazil. In this way, the study was build upon two theoretical bases: (i) the new institutional economics, which gives us the substratum to the interpretation of the institutional nature of reforms; and (ii) the economic growth theory on the bases of neoclassical growth models, which allows the empirical inquiry concerning the impact of the reforms on the rate of economic growth. The undertaken analysis in this research has shown, first of all, that, in accordance to the growth rate decomposition exercise, carried out through the years of 1960's to 2005, the element whose variation rate had most significant contribution to the variation of growth rate was the total factor productivity discounted by the technological frontier (TFPD). Based on this preliminary result, the econometric analysis took into account a model in which TFPD was the dependent variable, and the structural reforms indicators the independent variables. The final result showed that only opening trade and financial reforms, amongst the four reformed areas considered in this study, had been associated to the behavior of TFPD in the analyzed period, especially in the 1990's, indicating that the way through which these two reforms had affected the economic performance seems to have been the TFPD.

A década de 1990 foi marcada por importantes transformações de caráter estrutural ocorridas no ambiente econômico e institucional brasileiro que estiveram ligadas tanto ao novo conjunto de políticas macroeconômicas adotado, quanto à implementação de reformas de cunho liberalizante. O objetivo das medidas adotadas era de estabelecer condições para a retomada do crescimento da economia, de forma a que a crise da década anterior fosse superada. Apesar de um grande salto no crescimento não ter sido observado, houve uma relativa recuperação das taxas de crescimento na década de 1990 e no início dos anos posteriores. Com foco nas reformas liberalizantes que foram implementadas, esta dissertação procura investigar a maneira e os meios pelos quais as mudanças verificadas nas principais áreas reformadas geraram impacto sobre o desempenho econômico do país. Para tanto, utiliza-se dois referenciais teóricos: (i) a nova economia institucional, que fornece o substrato para a interpretação do caráter institucional das reformas; e (ii) a teoria de crescimento econômico com base nos modelos de crescimento neoclássicos, que permitem a investigação empírica acerca dos efeitos das reformas sobre a taxa de crescimento da economia. A análise empreendida verificou, primeiramente, que, de acordo com o exercício de decomposição da taxa de crescimento realizado para o período considerado de 1960 a 2005, o elemento cuja variação mais contribuiu para a variação da taxa de crescimento dos anos em questão foi a produtividade total dos fatores descontada da fronteira tecnológica (PTFD). Com base neste resultado, realizou-se a aplicação de um modelo econométrico em que a PTFD foi a variável dependente e os índices de reforma construídos as variáveis explicativas. O resultado final a que se chegou mostrou que apenas a abertura comercial e a reforma do setor financeiro nacional, dentre as quatro áreas reformadas aqui consideradas, estiveram associadas ao comportamento da PTFD no período analisado, especialmente na década de 1990, indicando que um meio pelo qual essas duas reformas geraram impactos sobre a taxa de crescimento da economia parece ter sido a PTFD. / The 1990's were characterized by important structural changes in the economic and institutional Brazilian environment, and these changes were associated to a new macroeconomic policy regime and to the implementation of economic reforms based on a liberal set of rules. The main objective behind the measures that were taken was to establish basic conditions to foster economic growth rate recovery. Although a great increase in the growth rate had not been verified, there was a relative recovery of the economic performance in the 1990's and in the beginning of following years. This thesis focus on the analysis of liberalization reforms implemented in the 1990's, and investigates the ways through which they had affected economic growth in Brazil. In this way, the study was build upon two theoretical bases: (i) the new institutional economics, which gives us the substratum to the interpretation of the institutional nature of reforms; and (ii) the economic growth theory on the bases of neoclassical growth models, which allows the empirical inquiry concerning the impact of the reforms on the rate of economic growth. The undertaken analysis in this research has shown, first of all, that, in accordance to the growth rate decomposition exercise, carried out through the years of 1960's to 2005, the element whose variation rate had most significant contribution to the variation of growth rate was the total factor productivity discounted by the technological frontier (TFPD). Based on this preliminary result, the econometric analysis took into account a model in which TFPD was the dependent variable, and the structural reforms indicators the independent variables. The final result showed that only opening trade and financial reforms, amongst the four reformed areas considered in this study, had been associated to the behavior of TFPD in the analyzed period, especially in the 1990's, indicating that the way through which these two reforms had affected the economic performance seems to have been the TFPD.

This thesis deals with George Soros foundation network, specifically with the Soros centers for contemporary art, their support of the art in post-soviet countries and the following transformation. One of the important tasks was support for artists in the form of grants. Attention is focused on one specific case and that is the gallery Atelier NOON, which was based in Prague in Smichov in 1999 - 2002. It was an unconventional combination of the art studio, that belong to the artist Petra Nováková Ondreičková, and exhibition space. The gallery is shown in context of contemporary art scene from those times, and it is also trying to show similar unconventional exhibition spaces. Keywords George Soros, Soros foundation network, SCCA, gallery, Atelier NOON, Petra Nováková Ondreičková, exhibition, 90', apartmant gallery

Činoherní studio in Ústí nad Labem is a theatre founded in the 1970s; ever since its foundation, it has displayed specific dramatics features. Czech playwright and director Jiří Pokorný became its artistic director in 1993 and it was his aim to perform contemporary, unique and most importantly Czech plays; all the dramaturgic plan for the 1990s was therefore adjusted to this aim. Moreover, he decided to perform his own plays; these plays were considered to be the very first Czech coolness drama texts and as such contributed greatly to the penetration of this specific poetics on Czech theatre stages. This thesis both characterises and interprets the plays performed by the end of the 1990s and therefore reflects the distinctive dramaturgic course which had not had parallel in the Czech Republic up to this period.