Förskolan har vuxit sig allt större de senaste åren och majoriteten av alla barn går i förskolan. 1998 skedde en stor förändring då ansvaret för förskolan överfördes från Socialdepartementet till Utbildningsdepartementet och förskolan blev en del av skolväsendet. Vi har i denna studie undersökt hur pedagogens roll i förhållande till barnen skrivs fram i Det pedagogiska programmet för förskolan från 1987 och i Läroplanen för förskolan från 1998/2010 samt vilken barnsyn som ligger till grund för detta. Vi har utgått från Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys som teori och metod. Teorin bygger på en uppfattning om att diskursen påverkar och påverkas av den diskursiva och sociala praktiken den är en del av (och även andra). Vi har genom en kvalitativ textanalys och med hjälp av analysverktyg hämtat från Fairclough analyserat texterna för att söka svar på våra frågeställningar. Resultat och analys struktureras genom att vi redovisat de olika roller vi funnit i texterna. Där är också citat uttaget från de båda styrdokumenten. Efter varje roll följer en analysdel. Resultatet visar att pedagogens roll i förhållande till barnen är att inspirera, vårda, lyssna på barnen, fostra, stödja/hjälpa, främja lärande samt stimulera och utmana. Dessa roller skrivs fram i båda styrdokumenten. Vi kan dock se att rollerna skrivs fram på olika sätt och där betoningen av omsorg och trygghet läggs vid i det Pedagogiska programmet för förskolan medan barns kognitiva utveckling fokuseras i Läroplanen för förskolan. I det Pedagogiska programmet för förskolan utgår man också från utvecklingspsykologiska teorier om barn där kunskap om barn är framträdande för att kunna möta barn på ett bra sätt och är till stor vikt i utformandet av förskolan. Vi har också sett en förskjutning från fokus på gruppen som helhet i det Pedagogiska programmet för förskolan till fokus på individen i Läroplanen för förskolan när det gäller kunskap och lärande. Resultatet visar vidare att det inte framträder någon entydig barnsyn i de olika texterna. Vi kan i de båda tyda en barnsyn med utgångspunkt i barns behov av vägledning och omsorg och en barnsyn med utgångspunkt i det aktiva barnet. Dock är barnsynen med utgångspunkt i det aktiva barnet mer framträdande i Läroplanen för förskolan och barnsynen med utgångspunkt i barns behov av vägledning och omsorg mer framträdande i det Pedagogiska programmet för förskolan.

Prior to the commencement of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), genetic resources were considered to be the common heritage of mankind; this principle gave the right to developed countries to obtain and freely use the genetic material of developing countries. Growing concern over the controversial ‘free access’ system and the monopolization of benefits led to the negotiation of an international treaty, the CBD, to regulate access to genetic resources and the sharing of benefits resulting from the utilisation of such resources. The CBD makes some important innovations. It recognizes that the authority to determine access to genetic resources depends on national governments and is subject to national legislation. Thus, the CBD recognizes state sovereignty over genetic resources and institutes the principles of Prior informed Consent (PIC), Mutually Agreed Terms and Benefit-Sharing. However, the CBD and other international instruments relating to genetic resources have not had the desired effect of preventing the misappropriation of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge (TK). Developing countries suffered and continue to suffer from the piracy of their resources. This state of affairs has led to the recent adoption of the ‘Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to The Convention on Biological Diversity,’ (2010 Nagoya Protocol). This dissertation will consider the contribution of the Nagoya Protocol to the existing global and regional instruments concerning the access and benefit sharing of genetic resources. After explaining the gaps in the existing instruments, it will explore whether the Protocol is a miracle solution to the recurrent concern over misappropriation of genetic resources from biologically rich countries, or whether there is still much work to do to sort out this problem. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the pressure distribution responses to three hour seating bouts in a standard car seat condition compared to a Comfort Motion Technology (CMT) car seat condition. Twelve males participated in the study. Subjects came in for two separate sessions no more than one week apart. Pressure distribution on the backrest and seat pan was assessed in a three hour seating bout. Pressure variables associated with increased seating comfort were collected across six distinct 28 minute cycles and then averaged across these six cycles. The pressure variables were contact area, peak contact pressure, and force. The CMT car seat condition exhibited greater back contact area (p= .003) and less back peak pressure (p= .003) than the standard car seat condition. In addition, the CMT car seat condition had greater seat peak pressure (p< .001) and greater back force (p< .001) than the standard car seat condition. In conclusion, the CMT car seat condition is more comfortable than the standard car seat condition. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

The purpose of this study is to investigate the pedagogical and performance aspects of Robert Muczynski's Concerto No. I for Piano and Orchestra. The work targets the early-advanced level of performance, representing a tutorial step in technical and musical difficulty. Muczynski's writing offers mild characteristic tendencies in comparison to later practices within the century, but does exhibit the emergence of a variety of significant keyboard skills. Moreover, his intermittent use of atonality is ideal for a student who is not yet comfortable with this idiom. For these reasons, the concerto serves as an excellent introduction to the genre for this level of study.This investigation is prefaced by an introduction to the topic of piano pedagogy in relation to concerto study, along with a brief biographical sketch of the composer. The investigation then provides a stylistic analysis of the Concerto No. 1 for Piano and Orchestra. Each movement is examined comprehensively (by formal structure) according to inherent technical and interpretive challenges, and musical examples are offered in connection with suggestions for practice and execution.Findings reveal a cross-section of twentieth-century innovation and challenge which not only represent the unification of Muczynski's style, but also offer opportunity for growth and development in terms of keyboard performance and the application of sound musical decisions.The investigation closes with suggestions for the study of other twentieth-century concerti closely resembling this work in style, but more artistically challenging in performance. / School of Music

Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Transformationen des brasilianischen Staates während der Regierung Lula (2003-2010). Dazu werden erst theoretische Grundlagen erarbeitet: Mit Hilfe von Theorien in der Nachfolge Max Webers werden institutionelle Faktoren beleuchtet, während polit-ökonomische Zugänge die Verknüpfung des Staates mit gesellschaftlichen Kräfteverhältnissen und Machtkonstellationen betonen. Schließlich werden Spezifika semi-peripherer Staatlichkeit mit Hilfe dependenztheoretisch inspirierter Zugänge herausgearbeitet. Auf dieser Grundlage werden erst historische Grundlagen des brasilianischen Staates erarbeitet: Sklaverei und Patrimonialismus als Grundlage für einen außenabhängigen Staat, der im 20. Jahrhundert im Rahmen importsubstituierender Industrialisierungspolitik konservativ zu einem "Entwicklungsstaat" modernisiert wurde. Nach kurzem liberalen Intermezzo in den 1990er Jahren geht der Trend während der Regierung Lula wieder in Richtung "Entwicklungsstaat", der jedoch nun eine stärker republikanische und sozial inkludierende Prägung aufweist. (Autorenref.) / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

No description available.

Indiepop was, and is, a musical genre that coalesced around UK punk and post-punk in the early 1980s. From punk, indiepop borrowed certain ideas about the politics of cultural production. What differentiated it from punk was its sound: a decidedly pop emphasis on short, melodic song structures and seemingly simple instrumentation. In embracing independent production, indiepop staked a claim for subculture authenticity over the inauthentic mass products of the mainstream music industry. Yet the defining musical elements were characteristic of the historically feminine pop idiom. The result was indiepop, where masculine authenticity and feminine pop forms melded together and created a music scene that fit uneasily within traditional definitions of subculture. This thesis explores the means by which participants in indiepop, through a concerted project to write their version of musical history, made sense of their particular scene and its place within the larger sphere of (masculine) rock culture.

In 2008 it was estimated that in Broward County approximately 1 in 130 was living with HIV/AIDS. Broken down by race, it was 1 in 216 Whites, 1 in 50 Blacks and 1 in 198 Hispanics. Broward County had the second highest case rate of all the counties in the state of Florida. HIV/AIDS prevention remains a critical challenge and high impact prevention strategies are needed consistently to reach the most people using limited time, effort and funds. There has been little evidence to demonstrate the relationship between sources of information, specifically media channels, and risk perception and risk behaviors. Through its ability to widely spread information and education, media (TV, radio, newspaper and internet) remains a formidable tool in addressing HIV/AIDS prevention with minorities. The literature review found few published reports that explored media and its relationship to risk perception, behavior and testing in minority communities. This epidemiological study analyzed data from the REACH 2010 Project (“Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health”), a project funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), that performed a variety of prevention interventions targeted at minority communities in Broward County, Florida. The study assessed the relationship between media as a source of information for HIV/AIDS with three behaviors; risk perception, risk behavior and HIV testing. It provides valuable information for future media interventions aimed at risk minority populations by community based organizations (CBOs), HIV/AIDS prevention service providers and state health departments.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εκπονήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Ασύρματης Τηλεπικοινωνίας του τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών. Ο στόχος της εργασίας αυτής ήταν η μελέτη της μετάδοσης κωδικοποιημένου βίντεο H.264/AVC στο δίκτυο WiMAX με βάση τη χρήση τριών σχημάτων διαμόρφωσης φυσικού επιπέδου του σήματος βίντεο. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψιν την τεράστια εξέλιξη των ασύρματων δικτύων, αλλά και των συσκευών που μπορούν να υποστηρίξουν πολυμεσικές εφαρμογές, καθιστούν τελικά τη μετάδοση βίντεο μια από τις σημαντικότερες προκλήσεις και ένα δημοφιλή ερευνητικό προσανατολισμό. Σημαντικό ρόλο στη μετάδοση του βίντεο διαδραματίζουν οι παράμετροι που διασφαλίζουν την Ποιότητα των Παρεχόμενων Υπηρεσιών, όπως το εύρος ζώνης, η καθυστέρηση, η διακύμανση της καθυστέρησης και φυσικά η απώλεια πακέτων. Ωστόσο, σε ένα δίκτυο υπάρχουν ποικίλλες παράμετροι που πρέπει να λαμβάνονται υπόψιν κατά τη μετάδοση πολυμεσικής πληροφορίας και στην παρούσα εργασία έγινε μια προσπάθεια να εξεταστεί το θέμα υπό το πρίσμα της διαμόρφωσης φυσικού επιπέδου. Το εργαλείο που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για τη μελέτη αυτή, είναι ο εξομοιωτής δικτύων NS-2, η έκδοση ns-2.29. Για την εξαγωγή των γραφικών παραστάσεων χρησιμοποιήθηκε το Matlab R2009b, ενώ για την εξαγωγή των σχημάτων το Microsoft Office Visio 2010. / This diploma thesis was developed at the Laboratory of Wireless Communications, at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. The objective of this work was to study the transmission of the encoded video H.264/AVC through its transmission over WiMAX network based on the use of three physical layer modulation schemes of the video signal. Considering the tremendous evolution of wireless networks and the fact that modern devices can support multimedia applications, it cannot be denied that video broadcasting is of major importance and constitutes a great challenge for the engineers for further research. Parameters that ensure quality of service, such as bandwidth, delay, delay variation and of course packet loss, play dominant role in the optimization of video transmission. However, in a network, there are various parameters that should be taken into consideration when transmitting multimedia data. The tool used for this study is the network simulator NS-2, the version ns-2.29. In order to export the graphics the software that was used is Matlab R2009b, while the Microsoft Office Visio 2010 software was used to export the figures.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-17Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000746121_20160117.pdf: 398951 bytes, checksum: 625be02c891d688afca7364aa18f53a8 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-01-18T10:43:53Z: 000746121_20160117.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-18T10:44:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000746121.pdf: 1058625 bytes, checksum: 917fd398ea4b320563bf84c35c68be85 (MD5) / Esta dissertação propõe uma análise de Manual de Pintura e Caligrafia (1977) e As Pequenas Memórias (2006), do escritor português José Saramago, procurando destacar suas singularidades, semelhanças e diferenças. Objetiva-se mostrar como o romance Manual de Pintura e Caligrafia, por possuir laivos autobiográficos, é prenúncio do retrato da arte/escrita exercida por Saramago na sua produção literária vindoura, enquanto As Pequenas Memórias, sua autobiografia propriamente dita, exibe o retrato do artista/escritor nos tempos juvenis. Com a escolha dessas obras que representam, respectivamente, o ponto inaugural e o porto de chegada de um projeto autobiográfico que é também literário, pretende-se evidenciar as tensões de gêneros instaladas na autobiografia quando produzida por um ficcionista, bem como a presença de indícios autobiográficos na elaboração de um romance. Para cumprir este propósito, recorreu-se a um aporte teórico-metodológico pautado na fortuna crítica saramaguiana, na reflexão sobre os gêneros romanesco e autobiográfico e nos estudos de análise estrutural da narrativa. Após um caminho minucioso de reflexões acerca dos objetos que presidem a dissertação, efetua-se a comparação entre as narrativas estudadas, evidenciando-se os pontos de semelhança e de contraste entre ambas / This dissertation proposes an analysis of Manual of Painting and Calligraphy (1977) and Memories of my Youth (2006), written by the Portuguese writer José Saramago, seeking to highlight their singularities, similarities and differences. It objectifies to show how the novel Manual of Painting and Calligraphy, for having autobiographical vestiges, is the sign of the portrayal of the art/ writing that will be put into practice in Saramago’s future writing, while Memories of my Youth, his autobiography, shows the portrayal of the artist/writer when his was young. With the choice of these books that represent, respectively, the beginning and the end of an autobiographical and literary project, it intends to consider the genre tensions installed in the autobiography when written by a novelist, as well as the presence of autobiographical vestiges in a novel. To reach this objective, it appeals to a theoreticalmethodological contribution based on specialists of Saramago’s writing, on reflections about novel and autobiography, and on studies of the structural analysis of narrative. After a long way of detailed reflections about the objects of this dissertation, it accomplishes the comparison between the narratives, evidencing the possible connections and differences between both texts