A infraestrutura de transportes teve papel fundamental no crescimento urbano de São Paulo, determinando sua ocupação urbana e seus eixos de expansão. O presente trabalho parte de um embasamento histórico que aborda o início do desenvolvimento urbano de São Paulo, com a implantação de ferrovias e bondes em meados do século 19 e início do século 20, e a estruturação e intenso crescimento urbano da cidade com a ascensão do ônibus e do automóvel, principalmente a partir dos anos 1950 e 1960. Esta disputa entre modais é um dos fatores que colaborou para a atual crise de mobilidade na cidade, e é também tema recorrente nas iniciativas do planejamento urbano e de transportes realizadas a partir dos anos 2000, como os planos PITU 2020 e PITU 2025. A análise destes planos tem como objetivo resgatar a importância do sistema sobre trilhos para o desenvolvimento conjunto da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, e analisar a articulação entre as políticas públicas de uso e ocupação do solo e o planejamento de transporte. / Transport infrastructure played a key role in the urban growth of São Paulo, determining its urban occupation and its expansion axes. This work starts with a historical foundation that approaches the early history of urban development of São Paulo, with the introduction of railroads and trams in the mid-19th century and early 20th century, and the structuring and intense urban growth of the city with the rise of the automobile and bus transportation mainly from the 1950s and 1960s. This dispute between transportation modes is one of the factors that contributed to the current mobility crisis in the city, and is also a recurring theme in the initiatives of the urban and transportation planning performed from the years 2000 as in the PITU 2020 and PITU 2025 plans. The analysis of these plans aims to restore the importance of the rail system for the joint development of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, and analyze the relation between land use public policy and transport planning.

Moderne Sensorik, Modellierungs- und Optimierungsmethoden im Rohstoffgewinnungsprozess liefern Daten in “Echtzeit” und bieten Entscheidungsassistenz in der Betriebssteuerung und Kurzfristplanung. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden sogenannte „Closed- Loop-Ansätze“ entwickelt, um diese Informationen in Kombination mit moderner Datenverarbeitungstechnologie für eine verbesserte Produktionssteuerung in der Rohstoffgewinnung nutzbar zu machen. Der Beitrag stellt ein Projekt vor, das sich genau dieser Entwicklung widmet, das im Europäischen Rahmenprogramm Horizon 2020 geförderte Projekt Real-Time Mining. Der Fokus des Projektes liegt auf der Gewinnung bergbaugeologisch komplexer Lagerstätten unter Anwendung hoch-selektiver Gewinnungsszenarien. Der Aufbau des Projektes, das Projektziel, die einzelnen Arbeitspakete und Schlüsseltechnologien werden kurz dargestellt. An zwei ausgewählten Beispielen wird auf zwei Hauptkomponenten von Real-Time Mining, die Aktualisierung der Lagerstättenmodelle unter Einbeziehung von Online-Sensorik und die Optimierung der Entscheidungsfindung im Produktionsprozess näher eingegangen.

The diploma thesis deals with Europe 2020 strategy and its targets in the context of growth theories. The thesis aims at relating the measures suggested by the strategy to the implications of the growth theories. First, the targets are compared with the current situation in EU member states and problem areas of European competitiveness are identified. Growth models described in the first chapter yield some normative recommendations with respect to growth policies. Based on these conclusions, the thesis discusses the policies designed in the Europe 2020 strategy and their implications for economic growth in the EU.

The thesis deals with the financing opportunities of a research and development support for small and medium enterprises in Czech Republic from the European Union resources. It mainly observes a managed change in the company and risks related to this change. The thesis is a supporting document for the decision making of the company in the financing of the innovative technologies from European budget and in the international project participation.

In 2000, the EU, under the influence of its current progress in the integration process, established a list of fairly ambitious goals in the economic, social and environmental issues, which it had wanted to achieve by 2010. The reform program has been named the Lisbon Strategy and has often been paraphrased as "catch up and overtake the U. S." Shortly after its launch, however, it began to be clear that such radical reform was not realistically possible, especially because of its complexity, a lack of willingness of Member States to implement these reforms and a poor set of implementation tools. The Lisbon Strategy has been followed by a new EU global reform document for 2020, Europe 2020, mainly due to the fact that the problems plaguing European countries remain the same and they haven't been adequately resolved by the Lisbon Strategy. The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation of the Lisbon strategy in the Czech Republic, identify in which areas the CR has been successful, and in which it has lagged behind the performance of other EU members as well as where it could achieve a more significant progress. At the same time, the work examines the reasons why the Lisbon Strategy, though a very interesting concept of reform, has remained out of public interest, and its achievements haven't...

The European Union aims to reduce interregional disparities through its regional policy. This thesis deals with the effectiveness of EU regional policy and trends of regional disparities according to selected indicators. In the case study the impact of EU regional policy is observed in Ireland, the Czech republic and Bulgaria. Regional disparities are examined at NUTS 2 level. The Williamson curve is tested to explore the association between the level of economic development and level of disparities. In the comparative study the values of indicators are compared to the EU average. In the end, the thesis is focused on evaluation of EU regional policy efectiveness and seven recommendations are proposed to contribute to the improvement of EU regional policy so that goals of Europe 2020 Strategy are achieved.

2020 – this year will surely be remembered as the year of the Covid19-pandemic. Writing these lines in August 2020, there are around 20 million people infected (numbers increasing continuously) – and the whole population of the world affected by the virus. 750.000 people died in the first months of the pandemic. And all over the world poverty increases, and the most vulnerable are most affected by the crisis. Are there any ‘answers’ sermons can give? Or is this a time for silently listening with the congregations to the word of God? What is the role of preaching in the pandemic – knowing that we will never simply return to the situation ‘before’ the pandemic, but that our way of living, and also our way of preaching and celebrating worship will change.

Den här uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka Dagens Nyheters rapportering om bränderna i Kalifornien 2020 samt bränderna i Amazonas 2020. Vi avser att undersöka vad det finns för skillnader och likheter i omfång och karaktär av Dagens Nyheters rapportering om bränderna samt på vilket sätt Dagens Nyheter framställer klimatförändringarna i rapporteringen om respektive brand. Studien avser även att undersöka vilka faktorer som kan förklara skillnadeni rapporteringen av bränderna samt förekomsten av klimatförändringarna. Utifrån Anabela Carvalho (2008) och Peter Berglez (2019) fastställda analysmodell har vi bedrivit en kvalitativ kritisk diskursanalys av 18 artiklar under perioderna för respektive brand. Studientar sin teoretiska ansats i tidigare diskursanalyser av klimatrapportering (Berglez & Lidskog2017), (Carvalho 2012) samt en diskursanalys av nyhetsrapportering vid kriser (Chouliaraki 2006). Utöver det utgår studien även från global journalistik, framing, gatekeeping och närhetsprincipen i form av geografisk samt kulturell närhet. Resultatet visar att klimatförändringarna nämns som grund till bränderna i Kalifornien, men sällan uttalat utan snarare mellan raderna. Sedermera nämns klimatförändringarna i rapporteringen om bränderna i Amazonas som att klimatförändringarna snarare blir påverkade av bränderna än som anledningen till att bränderna sker. Den främsta anledningen till bränderna pågår tycks bero på avverkning av skogen och i rapporteringen sätter Dagens Nyheter de brasilianska myndigheterna, och särskilt Jair Bolsonaro, som ansvarig till bränderna. Slutligen kunde vi även se att fler individer fick komma till tals i rapporteringen om bränderna i Kalifornien och att nyhetsrapporteringen föreföll sig under diskursen emergency news, en etablerad diskurs i Lilie Chouliarakis studie The spectatorship of suffering (2006) medan rapporteringen om vilka individer som påverkas av bränderna i Amazonas snarare landade under kategorin adventure news.

Europa befinner sig sedan 24 februari 2022 i det känsligaste säkerhetspolitiska läget sedan andra världskriget. I Försvarsbeslutet från 2020 gav regeringen Försvarsmakten uppgiften att tillväxa för att möta den försämrade utvecklingen som pågått under drygt ett decennium. Tillväxten påverkas nu av besluten att skänka kvalificerad materiel till Ukraina och beslutet att ansöka om medlemskap i försvarsalliansen Nato.    Syftet med denna studie är att, för oss som författare, skapa förståelse för på vilket sätt armén kan försörja nationell försvarsförmåga, integrering med Nato samt stödja Ukraina med materiel. Vår forskning genomfördes som en kvalitativ studie där vi intervjuade personer med insikter och perspektiv från den strategiska-, militärstrategiska-, operativa- och taktiska nivån. Detta kompletterades med perspektiv från försvarsindustrin och från forskare vid Försvarshögskolan.   Vi har i vår undersökning sökt förståelse för hur arméns resurser avseende personal, materiel och infrastruktur påverkas när den utsätts för hot och friktioner. Dessa resurser är vitala när armén växer i storlek och skapar militär krigföringsförmåga. Som referensram har vi använt det Resursbaserade synsättet (RBV), dynamiska förmågor och flexibilitetsperspektivet.      Resultatet av vår forskning visar på att det pågår en kamp om resurser. Efterfrågan hos försvarsindustrin har ökat då många länder försöker att öka sin militära förmåga. Europa har gjort sig beroende av den amerikanska försvarsindustrin vilket nu gör det svårt att ersätta brister eller nyanskaffa materiel och ammunition.   Försvarsmakten behöver genomföra ambitionssänkningar då det för närvarade är svårt att tillföra mer resurser. / Since February 24, 2022, Europe has been in its most volatile securitysituation since World War II. In the Government Bill from 2020, thegovernment gave the Armed Forces the task to increase in volume andcapability to meet the deteriorating development that has been ongoingfor just over a decade. Growth is now affected by the decisions to donatequalified equipment to Ukraine and the decision to apply for membershipin the NATO defence alliance.The purpose of this study is to create an understanding, for us as authors,of how the army can provide national defence capability, integration withNATO and military support to Ukraine.Our research was conducted as a qualitative study where we interviewedpeople with insights and perspectives from the strategic-, militarystrategic-, operational- and tactical levels. This was broadened withperspectives from the defense industry and from researchers at theSwedish Defence University.In our research, we sought an understanding of how the army’s resources(personnel, equipment, and infrastructure) are affected when it is exposedto frictions and threats. These resources are vital as the Army grows andcreates military capabilities. As a frame of reference, we have used theResource Based Approach (RBV), dynamic capabilities and the Flexibilityperspective.The results of our research show that there is an ongoing struggle forresources. Demand on the defense industry has increased as manycountries try to increase their military capabilities. Europe has becomedependent on the American defense industry, which now makes it difficultto replace deficiencies or acquire new equipment and ammunition.The Armed Forces need to change its objectives due to difficulties in addingmore resources

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general describir cómo la desigualdad digital afectó la implementación del programa “Aprendo en casa” en la institución educativa 7106 Villa Limatambo, en el distrito de Villa María Del Triunfo. Para lo cual se analizará opiniones de familias, alumnos y docentes para proponer recomendaciones a su implementación. El tipo de investigación fue cualitativa, por lo cual se entrevistó a los miembros de la comunidad educativa, directivos, docentes, estudiantes, padres y madres familias. Para el recojo de información se realizó la investigación documental, las entrevistas personales y los grupos focales. El estudio concluyó que la desigualdad digital afectó negativamente la implementación del programa “Aprendo en casa” en la institución educativa 7106 Villa Limatambo, en el distrito de Villa María Del Triunfo desde la perspectiva de las familias, los estudiantes y docentes. Uno de los hallazgos se obtuvo desde la perspectiva de los padres y estudiantes; mientras que el segundo, desde la perspectiva de los docentes. Ambos grupos coincidieron en que la desigualdad digital tuvo como principal factor la falta de conectividad a internet, así como el uso de herramientas tecnológicas deficientes. También coincidieron en que las acciones del Estado a través del programa “Aprendo en casa” fueron insuficientes para cubrir las necesidades de todos los estudiantes que se encontraban matriculados al momento en que se dio inicio al programa debido a la emergencia sanitaria decretada por el gobierno. Otro de los factores que limitó el programa fue la calidad deficiente de algunos recursos de la plataforma de Aprendo en Casa, la sobrecarga de trabajo de los docentes, no lograr el desarrollo de las competencias de los estudiantes y el descuido del aspecto emocional de los docentes y los estudiantes. Todo ello afectó de manera negativa el desarrollo del programa. Cabe indicar, que muchos padres de familia fueron afectados económicamente porque debieron realizar gastos extras, que no estaban contemplados en su presupuesto, para poder adquirir equipos (smartphone, laptop y/o computadora) hasta electrodomésticos, con la finalidad que sus hijos pudieran tener una mejor comodidad y comunicación con los docentes. Inclusive, debido a estos gastos económicos imprevistos, algunos padres tuvieron que buscar trabajos adicionales, ya que, con el ingreso mensual no les alcanzaba para poder adquirir lo mencionado, Además, estas familias, en muchos casos no gozan ni siquiera con una buena vivienda, servicios básicos, en general, no cuentan con una buena calidad de vida. / This research aimed to describe in general how digital inequality affected the implementation of the "Aprendo en casa" (Learn at Home) program at educational institution 7106 Villa Limatambo in the district of Villa María Del Triunfo. To do this, opinions of families, students and teachers will be analyzed to propose recommendations for its implementation. The type of research was qualitative, so members of the educational community, directors, teachers, students, parents and families were interviewed. Documentary research, personal interviews and focus groups were carried out to collect information. The study concluded that digital inequality negatively affected the implementation of the "Aprendo en casa" program at educational institution 7106 Villa Limatambo in the district of Villa María Del Triunfo from the perspective of families, students and teachers. One of the findings was obtained from the perspective of parents and students, while the second was from the perspective of teachers. Both groups agreed that digital inequality was mainly due to a lack of internet connectivity and the use of inadequate technological tools. They also agreed that the actions of the State through the "Aprendo en casa" program were insufficient to meet the needs of all the students who were enrolled at the time the program started due to the health emergency declared by the government. Another factor that limited the program was the poor quality of some resources on the Aprendo en Casa platform, the overload of work for teachers, the failure to develop the students' competencies and the neglect of the emotional aspect of teachers and students. All of this negatively affected the development of the program. It should be noted that many parents were financially affected because they had to make extra expenses that were not contemplated in their budget in order to buy equipment (smartphone, laptop and/or computer) or even appliances, in order for their children to have better comfort and communication with teachers. In some cases, due to these unexpected financial expenses, some parents had to look for additional jobs, as their monthly income was not enough to buy the mentioned items. In addition, these families, in many cases, do not even enjoy good housing, basic services and, in general, do not have a good quality of life.