Breastfeeding is an important and relatively affordable health promotion and disease prevention activity with positive health outcomes for both the women who breastfeed and the infants who receive human milk as their first source of nutrition. As these benefits are dose dependent, the duration of breastfeeding and exclusivity of breastfeeding are important in the development of these protective effects. The purpose of this study is to understand the process younger mothers, ages 18 to 24 years, undergo to be able to sustain breastfeeding for longer than most women their age breastfeed. Ten women, ages 21 to 24 years, participated in individual, in-depth interviews in this grounded theory study. Following the iterative process of data collection and analysis, focus of the interviews changed as the data analysis guided the data collection process. Data underwent open, focused, axial, and theoretical/selective coding. The analysis process resulted in the development of a middle-range, descriptive theory grounded in the data. Prolonged Breastfeeding Through Fierce Determination succinctly explains the central phenomenon, fierce determination, and the relationship it shares with the other concepts identified as important contributing factors as the women moved through their breastfeeding journeys. Facing and Deciding to Overcome Obstacles, influenced most heavily by fierce determination, exerted its influence upon the outcome of the theory, "Trucking Along", an in vivo code provided by Participant 10, which captured her ongoing breastfeeding even in the face of obstacles. Normalized Infant Feeding Method contributed to the participants' fierce determination. Availability of Support positively impacted the participants' ability to face and overcome their breastfeeding obstacles. Personal Agency had a reciprocal relationship with fierce determination and, like availability of support, also positively impacted their ability to face and overcome obstacles. The concepts within the theory were found to be congruent with a focused review of the literature around long-term goal achievement, healthful behavior adaptation, and breastfeeding. This study contributed to the breastfeeding literature, providing insight into how young mothers engage in prolonged breastfeeding.

The dominant human capital theory-based perspective that education is crucial for economic success and employment has affected national and regional policies in education and employment worldwide. The present thesis critically assesses the target for increased number of tertiary education graduates in the current EU agenda for growth and employment (Europe 2020 Strategy). This target presumes that employment is positively related with tertiary education qualifications, and that there is an increasing demand for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. Based on Eurostat data, our findings indicate that (i) more public spending on tertiary education does not seem to be associated with higher employment rates of graduates in the EU countries; (ii) in more than half of the EU28 member states, unemployment rates are not related with increased number of graduates; (iii) in most of the remaining EU countries, the increase in graduates is associated with higher graduates’ unemployment rates; (iv) increased number of tertiary education graduates relates with higher overqualification rates in the majority of the EU countries. These results accord with previous studies which find that investment in education alone is inadequate to explain complex socio-economic phenomena, such as graduates’ employment/unemployment. Moreover, they further support previous research works, which question the proclaimed increased need for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. This, in turn, suggests that common European policies which target at increasing horizontally the number of graduates may further deteriorate the existing problem of overqualification in the EU. Without downplaying the importance of education and skills in employment, the current thesis contemplates that the disproportionate emphasis on the role of tertiary education in employment may falsely cultivate the perception that education per se can be the main solution for unemployment. Thus, it is likely to conceal the wider socio-economic reasons that influence a person’s ability to find, secure and advance in his/her job. Last, but not least, this perspective narrows down the role of tertiary education confining it to economic and employment purposes.

Handelns utredningsinstitut använde sig år 2002 av statistiska faktorer för att förutspå detaljhandeln i Kalmar län för år 2012. Idag, år 2010, ser vi att denna prognos i jämförelse mot 2007 års rapport, ej verkar falla in. Vi ser att ett komplement till en sådan prognos för att kunna inkludera de faktorer som Handelns utredningsinstitut ej beaktade, bör utgå ifrån en kvalitativ faktor. För detta krävs det att en ny metod för denna typ av prognostisering tas fram innan vi genomför en ny prognos för detaljhandelns utveckling för år 2020 i Kalmar läns respektive kommuner. Syftet med uppsatsen är att genomföra en prognostisering av köpkraftens utveckling och detaljhandelns försäljningsutveckling i Kalmar läns respektive kommuner. Tillsammans med denna prognostisering utformar vi en prognosmetod för prognostiseringen. Det är genom denna prognosmetod som prognostiseringen sker. Genom denna prognos avser vi att bidra med rekommendationer till de ansvariga för respektive kommuns detaljhandelsutveckling. Denna studie utgår ifrån den kvalitativa forskningsansatsen, där vi väver samman kvalitativ data med sekundär kvantitativ data för att genomföra en ny prognostisering för år 2020. Vidare har vi arbetat iterativt mellan att ta fram prognosmetoden och genomföra prognostiseringen. Vi ser att en generell ökning inom detaljhandelns försäljningsutveckling för respektive kommun kommer att ske. Dock finns det stora skillnader i och med att Kalmar kommun drar till sig en stor del av köpkraften.

The objective of this thesis is to investigate if youth mobility programmes, such as Youth Exchanges, are compatible with Europe 2020 strategy and if they fulfil its aims. Youth Exchanges were previously classified under Youth in Action Programme, but since 2013 they are classified under Erasmus+ Programme. Theoretical part describes European strategies and these programmes while the practical part offers the analysis of financial and statistical data and results of a survey gathered between organizations running Youth Exchanges.

The aim of the thesis is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the knowledge economy of Member States of the European Union. Individual strengths and weaknesses are analysed, especially in the years 2010 to 2015, depending on data availability. Using panel data regression analysis identified the impacts of selected variables on the development of the knowledge economy. Included are variables public sector and institutional environment. The reference period is 2008 -- 2012. Discussion consists of draft recommendations that would improve the current situation of the knowledge economy in the Member States. The main data sources are Eurostat, OECD, and World Bank.

The thesis evaluates possibilities of business cooperation between The Czech Republic and Mexico. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether the political and economic environment in Mexico is developing in the way that the Czech Republic can here achieve its objectives of pro-export policy. Individual chapters will be devoted to the analysis of Export strategy 2012 - 2020, basci data about Mexico, and business relations between The Czech Republic and Mexico. In addition, the thesis includes SWOT analysis.

In recent years, the European Union has faced increased Euroscepticism and Nationalism. Fostering a sense of belonging of European citizens to and with the EU is crucial to ensuring its legitimacy. However, the EU stays relatively silent on the issue of European identity and how this identity is envisaged. Is the EU a purely political community or does it also have a cultural dimension? The Europe for Citizens Program offers a unique approach in uniting both dimensions of European identity under its objectives of fostering European remembrance and promoting civic participation by connecting them to the practice of active citizenship. This case study analyzed the conceptions of European Identity within the Europe for Citizens Program 2014-2020 and what role active citizenship plays in this context. Although the current program generation does not include an objective to foster European identity, this study found that promoting and constructing this identity in a civic and cultural dimension is a prominent part of the program. Through active participation of European citizens, a sense of belonging to and with the Union is supposed to be created. Europeans are said to belong to a political community that is based on shared cultural values that entail more than just a purely civic dimension.

Growing environmental concerns, such as global warming, are giving rise to new regulations imposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) on sulfur content for marine fuels, thus, constraining refining processes. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is an appealing desulfurization method with some advantages over traditional processes like hydrodesulfurization (HDS), such as mild operating conditions and no-hydrogen consumption. ODS could be employed as a complementary or alternative process for HDS. During the oxidative desulfurization, the organo-sulfur compounds are oxidized to polar sulfones. Then, such sulfones are separated from the treated fuel oil using techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction. In the present work, the separation of oxidized sulfur-containing compounds of heavy fuel oil using ultrasound-assisted technology has been investigated and simulated in Aspen Plus. The oxidant selected was hydrogen peroxide, while the catalyst was acetic acid. The chosen solvent for the sulfone separation was acetonitrile. The primary goal of this work is to successfully emulate the operation performed by an oxidative desulfurization pilot plant-scale apparatus designed by Tecnoveritas®, which will later allow the analysis of the parameters on the overall sulfur removal efficiency.

As the media followed the turn of events in Belarus, increasing arrests and the violence that followed brought tens of thousands of Belarusians into the streets to demand change, end police brutality, and display how far human rights abuses have come in Lukashenko's regime. This thesis argues that in the cases like this, foreign media comes forward to either further protester's voices or shut them down, which, drawing on the previous research, is considered dependent on the geopolitical relations of the countries involved. Departing from the normative knowledge that media, politics, and protests are interrelated, this thesis bridges theories of all three of the latter fields to craft an interdisciplinary theoretical framework for the research. Building on political and media opportunity structures and indexing theories, this thesis addresses questions of how independent from authorities is the media and how a geopolitical position might influence the coverage of the conflict. The framing analysis of LRT English, Deutsche Welle, RT, and Daily Sabah coverage during the 22 weeks is conducted to identify the coverage's patterns, developments, and changes in the coverage. The results have shown that the amount of coverage is related to the authorities position announcement. Democratic and protest supportive countries cover the protest extensively even before the authorities react; meanwhile, less democratic countries show that the coverage significantly increases as soon as the government reaction is publicised. Furthermore, the framing of the protesters differs as well. On the one hand, protesters and violence are depicted differently, on the other, frames employed in opposition supportive countries' media outlets are more diverse and explorative than in the media of Lukashenko's allies.

Die Themen Nutztierhaltung und Tierwohl sind stark emotionsbehaftet und werden viel diskutiert. Wie sieht das in der sächsischen Landwirtschaft heute aus? Welche Tiere werden gehalten? Wie stellt sich die Entwicklung in den letzten Jahren dar? Reicht das hier erzeugte Fleisch, um die sächsische Bevölkerung zu versorgen oder gibt es zu viel davon? Geht es Tieren in einem großen Stall zwangsläufig schlechter als in kleinen Ställen? Und was tun die Landwirte für ihre Tiere? Auf all diese Fragen soll die vorliegende Broschüre Antwort geben. Wer bei den Themen Nutztierhaltung und Tierwohl mitreden möchte, sollte gut informiert sein. Redaktionsschluss: 15.11.2019