Michele Basseville ... [et al.]. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-51). / Caption title. / Research supported in part by the National Science Foundation. ECS-8700903 Research supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. AFOSR-88-0032 Research supported in part by the US Army Research Office. DAAL03-86-K-0171 Research supported in part by INRIA.

Submitted by Biblioteca de Arquitetura (bibarq@ufba.br) on 2016-10-18T16:08:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Alan_Mascarenhas.pdf: 9968200 bytes, checksum: 2bde70f731fecbc2a44e2aea1d9622fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edilene Costa (ec@ufba.br) on 2016-10-18T21:18:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Alan_Mascarenhas.pdf: 9968200 bytes, checksum: 2bde70f731fecbc2a44e2aea1d9622fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T21:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Alan_Mascarenhas.pdf: 9968200 bytes, checksum: 2bde70f731fecbc2a44e2aea1d9622fc (MD5) / A cidade de Salvador (BA) passa por uma etapa urbanística em que o planejamento urbano não é o mais adequado no sentido de garantir políticas urbanas voltadas para uma cidade mais justa e sustentável. Nesse contexto é importante e necessário um estudo a respeito de possíveis futuros a que essa situação pode levar. Nessa dissertação o estudo do futuro se dá por meio da técnica de “cenários futuros” – que são definidos, como: prospecções que dizem respeito ao futuro e podem ser utilizados das mais variadas maneiras possíveis desde estratégias empresariais a questões que envolvem planejamento de nações. É indispensável ressaltar que os cenários futuros não são simples previsões e sim prospecções plausíveis que englobam uma gama de fatores de alta relevância como ambiente político (políticas públicas), economia, atitudes sociais, etc. Os cenários futuros são elaborados através da atribuição de hipóteses, dessa forma eles são criados em conjuntos e não sozinhos – geralmente três para capturar a gama de possibilidades futuras em relação ao objeto: 1-boas; 2- más; 3- constantes. Dessa forma o pensamento por cenários é importante num ambiente tão turbulento quanto é o urbano. São apresentados três tipos de cenários (baseados na teoria da literatura nacional e internacional): 1- “best”/otimista; 2- “worst”/pessimista; e 3- “middle”/intermediário para a Salvador no ano de 2022. O método para a visualização desses cenários se dá, basicamente, por meio da apreciação de seis variáveis: 1-população; 2-domicílios; 3-mercado imobiliário formal; 4- renda; 5-mobilidade; e 6- políticas públicas – num primeiro momento com o intuito de entender a situação atual da cidade e posteriormente no próprio perfil dos cenários tomando como critério para a variáveis a proximidade ou não com Estatuto da Cidade: artigo 2º, inciso I. Os resultados dessa pesquisa destacam a importância da técnica de cenários para o planejamento de uma cidade mostrando três possíveis tipos de perfis da cidade de Salvador de 2022, além de alertar que as decisões tomadas hoje influenciam diretamente o futuro.

Este trabalho é uma análise crítica de estudo de caso do Plano de Expansão da Malha de Transporte Dutoviária (PEMAT 2022), desenvolvido pela Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), a fim de identificar as premissas e etapas da metodologia, assim como os seus resultados. É escopo, deste estudo, apresentar críticas ao PEMAT 2022, apoiadas em revisão bibliográfica e em comparações com estudos provenientes de outras fontes de informações. Inicialmente, parte-se de uma revisão dos marcos legislativos do planejamento setorial, desde da Lei do Petróleo até a Lei do gás, que contém as diretrizes para a elaboração do PEMAT. Em termos de comparações, foram confrontadas as projeções realizadas pela EPE e adotadas no PEMAT 2022 com as projeções do Plano Decenal de Energia (PDE), também realizado pela EPE, com as de estudos internacionais; do International Energy Outlook 2013 do Departamento da Informação de Energia dos Estados Unidos (U. S. Energy Information Administration EIA) e do World Energy Outlook 2013 da Agência Internacional de Energia (International Energy Agency IEA). A avaliação dos resultados do PEMAT 2022 trouxe a constatação da manutenção do quadro de incipiência no que concerne à infraestrutura de gasodutos no Brasil. A partir desse cenário, propõem-se alterações necessárias para que o PEMAT, em suas futuras versões, apresente resultados mais expressivos para a expansão da malha, constituindo-se, assim, em um instrumento de um planejamento mais amplo, pautado em diferentes modais de transporte, que direcione incentivos para os agentes da cadeia produtiva do gás natural no Brasil. / This paper is a critical analysis of the case study: Expansion Plan pipeline Transportation Loop (PEMAT 2022), developed by the Empresa de Pesquisas Energéticas (EPE - Energy Research Company) in order to identify the assumptions and steps of the methodology, as well as their results . It is scope of this study, criticize the PEMAT 2022, supported by literature review and comparisons with studies from other sources of information. Initially, there is a review of legislative frameworks of sectoral planning, from the Petroleum Law to the gas law, which contains the guidelines for the preparation of PEMAT. In terms of comparisons, the projections made by EPE and adopted in PEMAT 2022 were confronted with the projections of the Ten Year Energy Plan (Plano Decenal de Energia - PDE), also conducted by the EPE and the international studies, the International Energy Outlook 2013 of the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) and also the World Energy Outlook 2013 of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The evaluation of the results of PEMAT 2022 shows the maintaining of the incipient framework regarding the infrastructure of pipelines in Brazil. From this scenario, it proposes changes necessary for the PEMAT in future versions, present more significant results for the expansion of the grid, becoming thus an instrument of a broader planning, based on different modes of transport, direct incentives for the agents of the productive chain of natural gas in Brazil.

Este trabalho é uma análise crítica de estudo de caso do Plano de Expansão da Malha de Transporte Dutoviária (PEMAT 2022), desenvolvido pela Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), a fim de identificar as premissas e etapas da metodologia, assim como os seus resultados. É escopo, deste estudo, apresentar críticas ao PEMAT 2022, apoiadas em revisão bibliográfica e em comparações com estudos provenientes de outras fontes de informações. Inicialmente, parte-se de uma revisão dos marcos legislativos do planejamento setorial, desde da Lei do Petróleo até a Lei do gás, que contém as diretrizes para a elaboração do PEMAT. Em termos de comparações, foram confrontadas as projeções realizadas pela EPE e adotadas no PEMAT 2022 com as projeções do Plano Decenal de Energia (PDE), também realizado pela EPE, com as de estudos internacionais; do International Energy Outlook 2013 do Departamento da Informação de Energia dos Estados Unidos (U. S. Energy Information Administration EIA) e do World Energy Outlook 2013 da Agência Internacional de Energia (International Energy Agency IEA). A avaliação dos resultados do PEMAT 2022 trouxe a constatação da manutenção do quadro de incipiência no que concerne à infraestrutura de gasodutos no Brasil. A partir desse cenário, propõem-se alterações necessárias para que o PEMAT, em suas futuras versões, apresente resultados mais expressivos para a expansão da malha, constituindo-se, assim, em um instrumento de um planejamento mais amplo, pautado em diferentes modais de transporte, que direcione incentivos para os agentes da cadeia produtiva do gás natural no Brasil. / This paper is a critical analysis of the case study: Expansion Plan pipeline Transportation Loop (PEMAT 2022), developed by the Empresa de Pesquisas Energéticas (EPE - Energy Research Company) in order to identify the assumptions and steps of the methodology, as well as their results . It is scope of this study, criticize the PEMAT 2022, supported by literature review and comparisons with studies from other sources of information. Initially, there is a review of legislative frameworks of sectoral planning, from the Petroleum Law to the gas law, which contains the guidelines for the preparation of PEMAT. In terms of comparisons, the projections made by EPE and adopted in PEMAT 2022 were confronted with the projections of the Ten Year Energy Plan (Plano Decenal de Energia - PDE), also conducted by the EPE and the international studies, the International Energy Outlook 2013 of the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) and also the World Energy Outlook 2013 of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The evaluation of the results of PEMAT 2022 shows the maintaining of the incipient framework regarding the infrastructure of pipelines in Brazil. From this scenario, it proposes changes necessary for the PEMAT in future versions, present more significant results for the expansion of the grid, becoming thus an instrument of a broader planning, based on different modes of transport, direct incentives for the agents of the productive chain of natural gas in Brazil.

I Sverige förekommer diskussioner om valfusk på sociala medier. Vid valet 2018 låg Valmyndighetens hemsida nere efter en överbelastningsattack, och fyra år senare sprids fortfarande teorier om att Valmyndigheten själva stängt ner sin hemsida för att påverka valresultatet (SvD, 2022). Twitter är en plattform där diskussioner om valfusk sker och där svensk politik diskuteras, det råder en oerhörd polarisering på plattformen kring detta ämne. I denna uppsats har vi med hjälp av en explorativ kartläggning undersökt hur förtroendet till demokratin möjligtvis kan urholkas genom att titta på förekomsten av narrativ om valfusk på Twitter, vår forskningsfråga lyder "hur och i vilken omfattning pratar man om valfusk innan, under och efter det svenska valet 2022". Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att analysera data från Twitter som handlar om valfusk under tidsperioden 1/8-22 fram till och med den 9/10-22. Vi har delat upp datasetet i tre delar, en period innan valet, en period som sträcker sig under valveckan samt en period som är tiden efter valet fram till den 9/10-22. Vi har kombinerat den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen med en kvantitativ innehållsanalys. Där vi genom deskriptiv statistik visar på förekomsten av de olika kategorierna vi tagit fram i materialet för att på så sätt identifiera i vilken utsträckning olika narrativ om valfusk förekommer i diskussioner om svenska valet 2022 på Twitter. Vårt resultat visar att tweetsen kring valfusk skiljer sig åt beroende på vilken period under valet som undersökts. I perioden innan valet var tweets som relaterar till att valfusk sker 66,5 procent av av det analyserade materialet. Dessa siffror skiftade i perioden under valet där motstånd mot narrativ om valfusk växte och utgjorde nästan lika stor andel som de som ansåg att valfusk sker (31 respektive 40,6 procent). Efter valet identifierade vi en ny kategori av tweets som var den näst största under den perioden (30,5 procent), efter de som anser att valfusk sker i svenska val. Det var de som ansåg att tweets om valfusk hade ökat om oppositionen ej vunnit riksdagsvalet, och att det istället blivit väldigt tyst från de individer som tidigare varit högljudda om att valfusk sker i svenska val. Diskussionen om valfusk är polariserad, där det är två ytterligheter som tampas mot varandra. 50 procent av det totala antalet inlägg som analyserats handlar om att valfusk pågår eller förväntas ske i svenska val, bland dessa inlägg riktas misstro till den svenska demokratin och det svenska valsystemet. Det uttrycks ett stort missnöje och hat mot de s.k "uråldriga" statliga medieinstitutionerna som anklagas för att vara en propagandamaskin för vänsterblockets räkning. Socialdemokraterna är det parti som överlägset mest anklagas för valfusk i debatten, 94,5 procent av alla inlägg som är riktade mot ett parti är riktade mot Socialdemokraterna. De anklagas för långvarig korruption, valfusk i tidigare val, där argumentet om att Socialdemokraterna är det enda partiet som blivit dömda för valfusk i domstol är vanligt förekommande. Huruvida narrativet om valfusk förändras för de olika tidsperioderna så visar resultatet att det är en större andel inlägg som påstår att valfusk sker i Sverige innan valet jämfört med under och efter valet. I datasetet efter valet handlar istället mycket kring diskussionen om valfusk om hur valresultatet hade gått åt andra hållet så hade det varit ett gigantiskt rop om valfusk från främst Sverigedemokrater / In Sweden, there are discussions about election fraud. At the 2018 election, the Swedish Election Authority's website was down after an overload attack, and four years later, theories and discussions are still spreading that the Swedish Election Authority itself shut down its website in order to influence the election results (SvD, 2022). Twitter is a platform where discussions about election fraud take place and where Swedish politics is discussed, there is an enormous polarization on the platform around this topic. In this essay, with the help of an exploratory survey, we have investigated how trust in democracy can possibly be eroded by looking at the prevalence of the spread of narratives about election fraud on Twitter, our research question is "how and to what extent do you talk about election fraud before, during and after the Swedish election in 2022". We have used a qualitative content analysis to analyze data from Twitter dealing with election fraud during the time period 1/8-22 up to and including 9/10-22. We have divided the data set into three parts, a period before the election, a period that extends during the election week and a period that is the time after the election until 9/10-22. We have combined the content of the qualitative analysis with a quantitative content analysis. Where we use descriptive statistics to show the existence of the different categories we developed in the material in order to identify the extent to which different narratives about electoral fraud appear in discussions about the Swedish 2022 election on Twitter. Our results show that the tweets about electoral fraud differ depending on which period during the election was examined. In the period before the election, tweets relating to election fraud were 66.5 percent of the analyzed material. These numbers shifted in the period during the election where opposition to the narrative of electoral fraud grew and constituted almost as large a proportion as those who believed that electoral fraud was taking place (31 and 40.6 percent, respectively). After the election, we identified a new category of tweets that was the second largest during that period (30.5 percent), after those who believe that electoral fraud occurs in Swedish elections. They were the ones who believed that tweets about electoral fraud would have increased if the opposition had not won the parliamentary election, instead the individuals who had previously been vocal about electoral fraud went silent. The discussion about electoral fraud is polarized, where two extremes are pitted against each other. 50 percent of the total number of posts analyzed are about electoral fraud taking place or expected to take place in Swedish elections, among these posts, a huge amount of mistrust of Swedish democracy and the Swedish electoral system is identified. There is great dissatisfaction and hatred expressed towards the so-called "ancient" state media institutions which are accused of being a propaganda machine on behalf of the left side. The Social Democrats are by far the party most accused of electoral fraud in the debate, 94.5 percent of all posts directed at any party are directed at the Social Democrats. They are accused of long-term corruption, electoral fraud in previous elections, where the argument that the Social Democrats are the only party that has been convicted of electoral fraud in court is common. Whether the narrative about election fraud changes for the different time periods, the results show that there is a greater proportion of posts that claim that election fraud takes place in Sweden before the election compared to during and after the election. In the data set after the election, instead, much of the discussion about election fraud is about how the election results had gone the other way, so there would have been a gigantic outcry about election fraud from mainly the Sweden Democrats.

Load control strategies for wind turbines are used to reduce the structural wear of the turbine without reducing energy yield. Until now, these control strategies are almost exclusively built up-on linear approaches like PID and model-based controllers due to their robustness. However, advances in turbine size and capabilities create a need for more complex control strategies that can effectively address design challenges in modern turbines. This work presents WINDL, a load control policy based on a neural network, which is trained through model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) on a simulated wind turbine. While RL has achieved great success in the past on games and simple simulation benchmarks, applications to more complex control problems are starting to emerge just recently. We show that through the usage of regularization techniques and signal transformations, such an application to the field of wind turbine load control is possible. Using a smoothness regularizer, we incentivize the highly non-linear neural network policy to output control actions that are safe to apply to a wind turbine. The Coleman transformation, a common tool for the design of traditional PID-based load control strategies, is used to project signals into a stationary coordinate space, increasing robustness and final policy performance. Trained to control a large offshore turbine in a model-free fashion, WINDL finds a control policy that outperforms a state-of-the-art controller based on the IPC strategy with respect to the prima-ry optimization goal blade loads. Using the DEL metric, we measure 54.1% lower blade loads in the steady wind and 13.45% lower blade loads in the turbulent wind scenario. While such levels of blade reduction come with slightly worse performance on secondary optimi-zation goals like pitch wear and power production, we demonstrate the ability to control the trade-off between different optimization goals on the example of pitch versus blade loads. To comple-ment our findings, we perform a qualitative analysis of the policy behavior and learning process. We believe our work to be the first application of RL to wind turbine load control that exceeds baseline performance in the primary optimization metric, opening up the possibility of including specialized load controllers for targeting critical design driving scenarios of modern large wind turbines.:Problem Method Aim Results Conclusion

Die Bauindustrie ist im Wandel. Gebäude sollen zukünftig nicht nur physisch auf dem Baufeld entstehen, sondern auch detailgetreu inklusive sämtlicher Informationen in einem BIM-Modell: als digitaler Zwilling. Auch das Unternehmen GOLDBECK möchte diesen Weg gehen und hat sich mit seiner Strategie „BIM@GOLDBECK 2025“ eigene Ziele gesteckt. Um diese Ziele erfüllen zu können, steht die Abteilung Konstruktion für Betonfertigteile vor mehreren Herausforderungen. Im Zuge dieser Arbeit wird nach einem ersten Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Technik zum Thema BIM ein Einblick in die genannte Strategie des Unternehmens sowie dessen bisherige Umsetzung in Planung, Ausführung und Forschung gegeben. Anschließend werden die aktuelle Arbeitsweise in der Konstruktion für Betonfertigteile und deren Ziele für eine künftige Arbeitswei-se vorgestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass es erforderlich ist, eine BIM-basierte Konstruktionssoftware ein-zuführen. Aus dieser Erkenntnis heraus wird eine Marktanalyse der auf dem Markt verfügbaren, potentiellen Softwares durchgeführt. Die zwei Softwares mit dem aus Unternehmenssicht höchs-ten Potential werden anschließend an einem gewählten Bauteil verprobt. Ein Vergleich der Ergeb-nisse aus den beiden Bauteiltests mit den bisher eingesetzten Softwarelösungen führt zu einer Entscheidungsempfehlung. Auf der Grundlage neuer technischer Voraussetzungen kann die Ar-beitsweise innerhalb der Konstruktion angepasst werden. Dadurch ergeben sich enorme zu-kunftsträchtige Chancen für das Unternehmen.:Motivation Ausgangslage Untersuchungen Willkommen in der Zukunft!

Hintergrund Turbulente Zeiten in der Arktis. Um die in der Arktis vorherrschenden meteorologischen Prozesse besser verstehen zu können, sind wissenschaftliche Forschungen in diesem Gebiet von großer Bedeutung. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil dieser Forschungen ist die Untersuchung der Grenzschicht. Der Aufbau dieser wird durch die in der Grenzschicht ablaufenden Transport- und Austausch-prozesse gekennzeichnet. Um diese näher untersuchen zu können, wurde am Alfred-Wegener-Institut in Bremerhaven eine Messsonde entwickelt, der T-Bird. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen Schleppkörper, der im Zusammenhang mit einem Trägerflugzeug zum Einsatz kommt. Die Mess-sonde ist dabei über ein Seil mit dem Trägerflugzeug verbunden. Dies erlaubt Messflüge in ger-ingen Höhen. Da der T-Bird keine Tragflächen besitzt, kann er nur im Zusammenhang mit einem weiteren Luftfahrzeug betrieben werden. Die Flugdynamik und die Flugstabilität des Schleppkörpers stehen somit im direkten Zusammenhang mit denen des Trägerflugzeuges. So werden auftretende Bewegungen des Flugzeuges zwangsläufig über das Seil an den T-Bird weitergeleitet. Inhalt der Arbeit Diese wissenschaftliche Arbeit betrachtet vorrangig das Flugverhalten der Messsonde T-Bird. Dafür wurden theoretische Abschätzungen zu den Flugeigenschaften und dem auftretenden Pen-delverhalten des T-Birds getroffen. Anschließend erfolgte ein Vergleich zwischen den theoretischen Abschätzungen und den im November 2021 aufgenommenen Messdaten während der Testflüge des T-Birds über der Nordsee. Aus den Messdaten der verbauten wissenschaftlichen Geräte (Lagedaten, Druckmessung, Videoaufzeichnung) wurden die Pendelbewegungen der Messsonde am Schleppseil verdeutlicht. Diese äußern sich u. a. im Schiebe- und Gierwinkel. Ab-schließend konnte eine Bewertung zur Vermeidung des Pendelverhaltens vorgenommen werden, um zukünftig ungestörte Messungen durchführen zu können.

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