Unbekannte Ziele in öffentlichen Gebäuden zu erreichen, ist ein besonderes Problem für blinde und sehbehinderte Menschen. Es gibt elektronische Hilfsmittel, die dieses Problem lösen, aber meist auf sprachlicher Ausgabe basieren. Die non-verbale Ausgabe der Wegführung hat den Vorteil, dass Informationsübertragung durch kürzere Sinnesreize weniger belasten. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert eine Benutzungsschnittstelle zur Routenführung durch Sonifikation. Es wurde dafür ein Set von akustischen Signalen erarbeitet, die durch Tonhöhenunterschiede und Stereopanorama Richtungen angeben. Die Wahl dieser Parameter wurde durch einen Labortest ermittelt. Es wurde untersucht, welche Informationen für eine erfolgreiche Routenführung notwendig sind. Durch eine einfach gehaltene Funktionsweise mit turn-by-turn Anweisungen und ohne große Anforderungen an akustische Schnittstellen ist die Benutzungsschnittstelle leicht auf bestehende Navigationssysteme übertragbar. In einem Pilottest wurde das Führungskonzept in einer realitätsnahen Umgebung auf seine Gebrauchstauglichkeit hin überprüft.

Um in einer Menge von Daten nach bestimmten Informationen suchen und filtern zu können, verwenden Suchmaschinen und Datenbanksysteme Queries (Suchanfragen). Diese Queries sind häufig durch eine eigene Sprache definiert, welche die Bildung von komplexen Ausdrücken erlaubt. Die Systeme antworten auf die Suchanfrage in Form einer Ergebnismenge. Komplexe Suchanfragen ermöglichen dabei das Auffinden von präzisen Ergebnissen. Faceted Browsing ist ein Benutzerschnittstellen-Paradigma zum Suchen und Filtern von Daten. Dabei können Suchanfragen visuell erstellt und sukzessiv verfeinert werden, ohne die spezielle Anfragesprache kennen zu müssen. Die einfache und intuitive Benutzbarkeit der Oberfläche bildet das Erfolgsrezept, sodass Faceted Browsing in vielen Anwendungen, wie beispielsweise auch in Online-Shops, zum Einsatz kommt. Bisher sind die Systeme überwiegend so konzipiert, dass Queries, welche aus Konjunktionen von Disjunktionen bestehen, gebildet werden können. Es stellt sich nun die Frage, ob auch komplexere Suchanfragen mittels Faceted Browsing erstellt werden können und welche Veränderungen der Oberfläche dafür notwendig sind. Reichen die Veränderungen dabei so weit, dass zu Gunsten der Komplexität der Suchanfrage auf die Einfachheit der Oberfläche verzichtet werden muss oder existieren Möglichkeiten, komplexere Queries zu bilden und dabei die Einfachheit der Oberfläche zu bewahren? Ziel der Arbeit ist es, zu ermitteln, welche Komplexität die Suchanfragen, die mittels Faceted Browsing gebildet werden, aufweisen können, ohne dabei die einfache Benutzbarkeit der Facettenbrowseroberfläche zu verlieren. Dazu wird die bisherige Mächtigkeit von Facettenbrowseroberflächen hinsichtlich der Querybildung analysiert. Weiterhin werden komplexere Suchanfragen auf ihre Umsetzbarkeit mit Hilfe des Faceted Browsing untersucht. Es wird betrachtet, auf welche Weise sich bisherige Facettenbrowseroberflächen verändern müssen, um die visuelle Erstellung solcher Suchanfragen zu ermöglichen. Durch die prototypische Erweiterung eines bestehenden Facettenbrowsers um notwendige Oberflächenelemente soll die Möglichkeit bestehen, komplexere Suchanfragen, als bisher mittels Faceted Browsing möglich, zu bilden.

This thesis study focuses on transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem for restructured power systems and addresses challenges specifically in countries where electricity market is in developing phase after liberalization of power industry for establishing a competitive market, like Turkey. A novel multi-year TEP approach is developed which considers generation investment cost and transmission congestion level in the planning horizon. The model assesses the impact of generation investments on TEP problem. Benders decomposition methodology is utilized successfully to decompose the complex mixed-integer programming TEP problem into a master problem and two subproblems. Security subproblem assesses single-contingency criteria. Transmission congestion cost is considered within operational subproblem given that congestion level is a proper criterion for measuring competitiveness level of an electricity market. The proposed approach is applied to the Turkish power system. The proposed approach could be utilized to provide indicative plans, which might be quite necessary particularly during development of a competitive market. However, there is no guarantee that independent power producers (IPPs) will follow those plans which concern the maximization of social-welfare. Given the necessity of coordinating monopoly transmission and decentralized generator investment decisions, the proposed approach is improved further to include promoting decentralized generator investments through incentive payments. Such incentives might be necessary to trigger IPPs earlier than their projections, as illustrated by numerical examples including IEEE 30-bus system.

Two types of connection are generally considered in the design of steel structures in practice. These are classified as completely rigid (moment) and simple (shear) connections. In theory, completely rigid connections can not undergo rotation and simple connections can not transfer moment. However, in reality rigid connections have a relative flexibility which makes them to rotate and simple connections have some reserve capacity to transfer moments. In many modern design specifications, this fact is realized and another type which is called partially restrained or semi-rigid connection is introduced. These types of connections have got the transfer of some beam moment to column together with shear. However, there is a lack of information on the amount of moment transferred and rotation of connection during the action of the moment transfer. The only way to quantify the moment and rotation of the partially restrained connections is to draw momentrotation curves. Nevertheless, drawing such curves requires great amount of expenses for experiments. Taking these into account, the use of finite elements with the help of increased computational power is one way to obtain moment-rotation curves of connections. Available test results guides the finite element analysis for justifications. So these analyses can be further implemented into design functions. This thesis is intended to conduct 3-D non-linear finite element analyses to compliment with tests results for different types of semi-rigid connections with angles and compare them with mathematical models developed by different researchers.

iv ABSTRACT ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF GUIDED MISSILES Tiryaki Kutluay, Kadriye Ph.D., Department of Aerospace Engineering Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Ilkay Yavrucuk February 2011, 147 Pages This thesis presents applications and an analysis of various adaptive control augmentation schemes to various baseline flight control systems of an air to ground guided missile. The missile model used in this research has aerodynamic control surfaces on its tail section. The missile is desired to make skid to turn maneuvers by following acceleration commands in the pitch and yaw axis, and by keeping zero roll attitude. First, a linear quadratic regulator baseline autopilot is designed for the control of the missile acceleration in pitch axis at a single point in the flight envelope. This baseline autopilot is then augmented with a Direct Model Reference Adaptive Control (DMRAC) scheme using Neural Networks for parameter estimation, and an L1 Adaptive Control scheme. Using the linearized longitudinal model of the missile at the design point, simulations are performed to analyze and demonstrate the performance of the two adaptive augmentation schemes. By injecting uncertainties to the plant model, the effects of adaptive augmentations on the linear baseline autopilot are examined. v Secondly, a high fidelity simulation software of the missile is used in order to analyze the performance of the adaptive augmentations in 6 DoF nonlinear flight simulations. For the control of the missile in three axis, baseline autopilots are designed using dynamic inversion at a single point in the flight envelope. A linearizing transformation is employed during the inversion process. These coarsely designed baseline autopilots are augmented with L1 adaptive control elements. The performance of the adaptive control augmentation system is tested in the presence of perturbations in the aerodynamic model and increase in input gain, and the simulation results are presented.

This work introduces a new UIMS (User Interface Management System), which aims to solve numerous problems in the field of user-interface development arising from hard-coded use of user interface toolkits. The presented solution is a concrete system architecture based on the abstract ARCH model consisting of an interface abstraction-layer, a dialog definition language called GIML (Generalized Interface Markup Language) and pluggable interface rendering modules. These components form an interface toolkit called GITK (Generalized Interface ToolKit). With the aid of GITK (Generalized Interface ToolKit) one can build an application, without explicitly creating a concrete end-user interface. At runtime GITK can create these interfaces as needed from the abstract specification and run them. Thereby GITK is equipping one application with many interfaces, even kinds of interfaces that did not exist when the application was written. It should be noted that this work will concentrate on providing the base infrastructure for adaptive/adaptable system, and does not aim to deliver a complete solution. This work shows that the proposed solution is a fundamental concept needed to create interfaces for everyone, which can be used everywhere and at any time. This text further discusses the impact of such technology for users and on the various aspects of software systems and their development. The targeted main audience of this work are software developers or people with strong interest in software development.

Die Diplomarbeit stellt einen innovativen und leichtgewichtigen Modellierungsansatz zur Beschreibung interaktiver, dienstbasierter Anwendungen auf Basis von Dienstannotationen vor.

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