<p>After several years practice and research, companies and researchers have agreed thatmanagement of a company can not only rely on financial performance measures, butnon-financial measures should be also included in the set of tools. One of the mostpopular approaches to solve this problem are BSC (Balanced Scorecard) combiningwith KPI (Key Performance Indicators).Balanced Scorecard has been introduced by Kaplan and Norton in 1992 whichconsists of a set of financial and non-financial measures which are categorized in fourperspectives “financial”, “customer”, “internal processes”, and “learning and growth”.Key performance indicators are financial and non-financial metrics used to help acompany define and measure progress toward goals and KPIs are typically tied to anorganization's strategy through Balanced Scorecard.In this thesis we limit our study to the Mobile Network Operator industry, use casestudy, as the research design, with a combination of quantitative and qualitativeresearch methods. We summarized the limitation of the initial Balanced Scorecard,discussed the demand and benefits of strategy map, researched on principles andcriteria of a suitable strategy map. Ultimately, we formulated the process of how todesign a strategy map.In practice, after several years of dramatic development, along with the saturation ofthe market and the fierce competitions, mobile network industry stepped into the ageof depression; the sudden huge profits have been over. While a new wirelesstechnology, 3G offers the mobile network operators (MNOs) a new chance toimprove their value added services with high speed bandwidth from 3G technology,and make more profit from it. European 3G markets is the most competitive anddeveloped now, while the Japan 3G was already in an advanced level. In the recentyears, China as the biggest developing country also wants to start the 3G market.With the defined KPIs, we benchmarked the performance of China Mobile to thethree world’s leading MNOs, Vodafone, “3”, and NTT; ascertained the situation ofChina Mobile, set goals and discovered the cause-effect linkage of the KPIs, andfinally formulate a strategy map for China Mobile according to the analysis. Thestrategy map is based on four perspectives, financial, customers, internal and learningand innovation perspectives, and in each perspective, practical solutions which arebased on their strengths and weaknesses are provided. With the help of this research,the company can trace their problems and find the solutions for them.</p>

<p>The interest for various multimedia services accessed via the Internet has been growing immensely along with the bandwidth available. A similar development has emerged in the 3G mobile network. The focus of this master thesis is on the speech/audio part of a 3G multimedia application. The purpose has been to implement a traffic generating tool that can measure QoS (Quality of Service) in 3G networks. The application is compliant to the 3G standards, i.e. it uses AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate), SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) and RTP (Real Time Transport Protocol). AMR is a speech compression algorithm with the special feature that it can compress speech into several different bitrates. SIP signalling is used so that different applications can agree on how to communicate. RTP carries the speech frames over the network, in order to provide features that are necessary for media/multimedia applications. Issues like perception of audio and QoS related parameters is also discussed, from the perspective of users and developers.</p>

<p>The Internet has mainly been interconnecting stationary computers by wired links, but an increasing number of mobile clients require wireless communication. One way to connect these clients is to use the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System, UMTS. UMTS is a third generation mobile system. </p><p>A network can be seen as nodes interconnected by links. The functionality of the nodes can be described as a layered hierarchy. A reference model for this hierarchy was developed by OSI. In this model the second lowest layer is called data link layer. The data link layer is responsible for making the raw transmission appear error free to upper layers. </p><p>The focus for this thesis is the data link layer in the UMTS. Compared to the data link layer in a wired scenario it contains more control and error correction mechanisms. These mechanisms use a lot of timers and triggers, which makes it very difficult to analyze them mathematically. Therefore simulation is the preferred method. </p><p>For the simulations the network simulator version 2 was used. This is an open source discrete event simulator. It has a modularized wireless stack already implemented. This can not be used to simulate UMTS though. Some modules in this stack were replaced by a new implementation to make simulations on UMTS possible. </p><p>Tests were performed on the new implementation and the results were what could be expected. The results were also consistent with previous research in the area.</p>

<p>The increasing use of data services and the importance of IP basedservices in third generation mobile communication system (3G), requires the transmission from the cell phone to the base station, i.e. uplink, to manage high speed data rates. In the air interface for 3G in Europe, WCDMA, a concept for enhancing the transmission from the cell phone to the base station, called Enhanced Uplink, is being standardized. The overall goal is to provide high speed data access for the uplink. One of the requirements is that the enhanced uplink channels must be able to coexist with already existing WCDMA releases. For example, the enhanced uplink must not impact seriously on real time services, such as speech, carried on current WCDMA channels.</p><p>The purpose of this work is to study how the quality, coverage and capacity of real time services carried on previous WCDMA releases is affected when introducing the Enhanced Uplink in a WCDMA network. The main focus of the study is thus to demonstrate the trade-off between voice and best effort performances.</p><p>Theoretical assessments and simulations show that the Enhanced Uplink has many advantages over previous WCDMA releases. For example the Enhanced Uplink yields a larger system throughput for all voice loads. The noise rise, i.e. the ratio of total received power to the background noise power is being considered as the resource. It is shown that user traffic carried on the Enhanced Uplink is able to operate under a higher noise rise level as well as to get a higher throughput per noise rise. The resource is hence more efficiently utilized.</p>

<p>Power-amplifier efficiency is a significant issue for the overall efficiency of most wireless system. Therefore, currently there are different kind of Switched mode power amplifiers are developed which are showing very high efficiency also at higher frequencies but all of these amplifiers are subjected to drive with the constant envelope signals. Whereas, for the increasing demand of high data rate transmissions in wireless communication there are some new modulation schemes are introduced and which are generating no more a constant envelope signal but a high peak to average power signal. Therefore, recently a new technique is proposed called the burst mode operation for operating the switched mode power amplifiers efficiently while driven by a high peak to average power signal.</p><p> </p><p>The purpose of this master thesis work was to review the theory of this burst mode operation and some basic investigations of this theory on switched mode power amplifiers were performed in simulation environments. The amplifiers of class D, inverse D, DE and J are studied. The thesis work was mainly carried out by ADS and partly in MATLAB SIMULINK environment. Since this burst mode operation is a completely new technique therefore a new Harmonic balance simulation setups in ADS and Microwave Office are developed to generate the RF burst signals.</p><p> </p><p>A Class J amplifier based on LDMOS technique is measured by a 16 carrier multi-tone signal having peak to average power ratio of 7 dB and achieved the drain efficiency of 50% with -30 dBc linearity at 946 MHz.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

<p>Den här uppsatsen handlar om utvecklingen av en radiolänkssimulator åt företaget Icomera. Icomera inriktar sig på att sälja och distribuera internetåtkomst på tåg. Företagets affärsidé bygger på att sälja system som använder sig av olika trådlösa länkar som simultant skickar och tar emot data med hjälp av ett egenutvecklat protokoll. Icomera har sålt sitt system till bl.a. Statens järnvägar (SJ), för att möjliggöra internetåtkomst från tågen. Radiolänkssimulatorn används idag i Icomeras laboratorium vid testning och verifiering av tågsystemet, i och med att den ger en mer kontrollerad miljö än ett riktigt tåg.</p><p>Rapporten redogör för hur trådlösa länkar beter sig i verkligheten och hur deras beteende kan simuleras. Rapporten berör främst de problematiska delarna av implementationen, men också teori i form av bl.a. statistiska modeller.</p><p>Radiolänkssimulatorn har till största del skrivits i programspråket C# .NET, vilket har lett till flera olägenheter som behandlas i rapporten. De flesta olägenheter har främst med prestandaförluster att göra.</p> / <p>This master thesis deals with the creation of a link simulator to be used by the company Icomera. Today the link simulator is used in Icomera’s laboratory for simulating wireless links. Icomera’s business concept is to sell and distribute internet access on trains and other vehicles. They use different wireless connections for simultaneously transfer data wrapped in their own protocol. Icomera has sold the system to Statens järnvägar (SJ), to enable internet access from trains. The link simulator is used for testing and verification of Icomera’s train system. Hence it can be done in a more controlled environment than onboard a real train.</p><p>The report describes how wireless links acts in reality and how this behavior can be simulated. The report handles mainly the problematic parts of the implementation but also theory, e.g. statistic models.</p><p>The link simulator has primarily been written in the programming language C# .NET which has lead to several inconveniences which is discussed in the report. Most of the inconveniences have to do with performance loss.</p>

Background: Traditionally defined boundaries and borders between organizations are at present being re-evaluated because of new and tougher demands. Today we can see a trend where these boundaries are being lowered or even eliminated when organizations choose to co-operate instead of compete. Purpose: In order to create an understanding for the partner selection process in the newly founded joint ventures between the companies which are building the Swedish 3G Network, the determining factors are being studied. Delimitation: The studies companies are co-operating as network operators but are at the same time competing as mobile operators. This relationship is in the literature described as co-opetition, which will not be investigated in this paper. Realization: Taking our starting point in Geringer’s task- and partner-related approach, a simple model has been created for the task. Empirical data have been collected through interviews, and have been analyzed with this model. Results: Essentially the same factors have been found determining for the companies which have committed themselves for co-operation. These factors do however tend to differ partly between the two joint ventures that have been founded. In the Europolitan Vodafone” Hi3G joint venture, compatibility between top management and culture&amp;structure seem to be the motivating factors. From a Telia - Tele2-perspective, the mutual factors seem to be financing and compatibility between top management. An important criterion has in both joint venture constellations to the access to existing real capital and infrastructure as well as having existing customers.

After several years practice and research, companies and researchers have agreed thatmanagement of a company can not only rely on financial performance measures, butnon-financial measures should be also included in the set of tools. One of the mostpopular approaches to solve this problem are BSC (Balanced Scorecard) combiningwith KPI (Key Performance Indicators).Balanced Scorecard has been introduced by Kaplan and Norton in 1992 whichconsists of a set of financial and non-financial measures which are categorized in fourperspectives “financial”, “customer”, “internal processes”, and “learning and growth”.Key performance indicators are financial and non-financial metrics used to help acompany define and measure progress toward goals and KPIs are typically tied to anorganization's strategy through Balanced Scorecard.In this thesis we limit our study to the Mobile Network Operator industry, use casestudy, as the research design, with a combination of quantitative and qualitativeresearch methods. We summarized the limitation of the initial Balanced Scorecard,discussed the demand and benefits of strategy map, researched on principles andcriteria of a suitable strategy map. Ultimately, we formulated the process of how todesign a strategy map.In practice, after several years of dramatic development, along with the saturation ofthe market and the fierce competitions, mobile network industry stepped into the ageof depression; the sudden huge profits have been over. While a new wirelesstechnology, 3G offers the mobile network operators (MNOs) a new chance toimprove their value added services with high speed bandwidth from 3G technology,and make more profit from it. European 3G markets is the most competitive anddeveloped now, while the Japan 3G was already in an advanced level. In the recentyears, China as the biggest developing country also wants to start the 3G market.With the defined KPIs, we benchmarked the performance of China Mobile to thethree world’s leading MNOs, Vodafone, “3”, and NTT; ascertained the situation ofChina Mobile, set goals and discovered the cause-effect linkage of the KPIs, andfinally formulate a strategy map for China Mobile according to the analysis. Thestrategy map is based on four perspectives, financial, customers, internal and learningand innovation perspectives, and in each perspective, practical solutions which arebased on their strengths and weaknesses are provided. With the help of this research,the company can trace their problems and find the solutions for them.

Although evolving mobile technologies bring millions of users closer to the vision of information anywhere-anytime, device battery depletions hamper the quality of experience to a great extent. We argue that the design of energy-efficient solutions starts by energy-awareness and propose EnergyBox, a tool that provides accurate and repeatable energy consumption studies for 3G and WiFi transmissions at the user end. We recognize that the energy consumption of data transmission is highly dependable on the traffic pattern, and provide the means for trace-based iterative packet-driven simulation to derive the operation states of wireless interfaces. The strength of EnergyBox is that it allows to modularly set the 3G network parameters specified at operator level, the adaptive power save mode mechanism for a WiFi device, and the different power levels of the operation states for different handheld devices. EnergyBox enables efficient energy consumption studies using real data, which complements the device-dependent laborious physical power measurements. Using real application transmission traces, we have validated EnergyBox showing an accuracy range of 94-99% for 3G and 93-99% for WiFi compared to the real measured energy consumption by a 3G modem and a smartphone with WiFi.

In this thesis, a novel Scalable Multiple Description Coding (SMDC) framework is proposed. To address the bandwidth fluctuation, packet loss and heterogeneity problems in the wireless networks and further enhance the error resilience tools in Moving Pictures Experts Group 4 (MPEG-4), the joint design of layered coding (LC) and multiple description coding (MDC) is explored. It leverages a proposed distributed multimedia delivery mobile network (D-MDMN) to provide path diversity to combat streaming video outage due to handoff in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The corresponding intra-RAN (Radio Access Network) handoff and inter-RAN handoff procedures in D-MDMN are studied in details, which employ the principle of video stream re-establishing to replace the principle of data forwarding in UMTS. Furthermore, a new IP (Internet Protocol) Differentiated Services (DiffServ) video marking algorithm is proposed to support the unequal error protection (UEP) of LC components of SMDC. Performance evaluation is carried through simulation using OPNET Modeler 9. 0. Simulation results show that the proposed handoff procedures in D-MDMN have better performance in terms of handoff latency, end-to-end delay and handoff scalability than that in UMTS. Performance evaluation of our proposed IP DiffServ video marking algorithm is also undertaken, which shows that it is more suitable for video streaming in IP mobile networks compared with the previously proposed DiffServ video marking algorithm (DVMA).