With the advent of telecommunication technology, the need to transport multimedia content is increasing day by day. Successful video transmission over the wireless network faces a lot of challenges because of the limited resource and error prone nature of the wireless environment. To deal with these two challenges, not only the video needs to be compressed very efficiently but also the compression scheme needs to provide some error resilient features to deal with the high packet loss probability. In this thesis, we have worked with the H.264/ Advanced Video Coding (AVC) video compression standard since this is the most recent and most efficient video compression scheme. Also H.264 provides novel error resilient features e.g. slicing of the frame, Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO), data partitioning etc. In this thesis, we investigate how to utilize the error resilient schemes of H.264 to ensure a good quality picture at the receiving end. In the first part of the thesis, we find the optimum slice size that will enhance the quality of video transmission in a 3G environment. In the second part, we jointly optimize the data partitioning property and partial reliability extension property of the new transport layer protocol, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). In the third and last part, we focus more on the network layer issues. We obtain the optimum point of application layer Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer retransmission in a capacity constrained network. We assume that the bit rate assigned for the video application is more than the video bit rate so that the extra capacity available can be used for error correction.

With the advent of telecommunication technology, the need to transport multimedia content is increasing day by day. Successful video transmission over the wireless network faces a lot of challenges because of the limited resource and error prone nature of the wireless environment. To deal with these two challenges, not only the video needs to be compressed very efficiently but also the compression scheme needs to provide some error resilient features to deal with the high packet loss probability. In this thesis, we have worked with the H.264/ Advanced Video Coding (AVC) video compression standard since this is the most recent and most efficient video compression scheme. Also H.264 provides novel error resilient features e.g. slicing of the frame, Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO), data partitioning etc. In this thesis, we investigate how to utilize the error resilient schemes of H.264 to ensure a good quality picture at the receiving end. In the first part of the thesis, we find the optimum slice size that will enhance the quality of video transmission in a 3G environment. In the second part, we jointly optimize the data partitioning property and partial reliability extension property of the new transport layer protocol, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). In the third and last part, we focus more on the network layer issues. We obtain the optimum point of application layer Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer retransmission in a capacity constrained network. We assume that the bit rate assigned for the video application is more than the video bit rate so that the extra capacity available can be used for error correction.

Teckenspråket är ett visuellt språk, med möjligheter att uttrycka mycket information simultant. Faktorer som har en avgörande betydelse för språket är handens form, placering och rörelse, i kombination med ögon- och munrörelser. Utvecklingen av videosamtal via 3G har inneburit att döva kan konversera mobilt på sitt modersmål. Tidigare har de i många situationer varit hänvisade till sitt andraspråk, svenska. Denna uppsats undersöker hur döva upplever kvaliteten på kommunikation via videosamtal, samt huruvida de för teckenspråket viktiga faktorerna får tillräckligt med utrymme i dagens 3G-telefoner. Studien är av kvalitativ art och metoden som använts är framför allt intervju. Resultaten visar att kvaliteten upplevs som sämre än vid kommunikation öga mot öga, bland annat till följd av att vissa teckenspråkliga element inte kan kommuniceras med dagens teknik. Språket anpassas på så vis att enklare tecken används, de utförs långsammare och upprepas oftare. Av studien framgår att det finns ett behov av vidare forskning inom området, för att mobil teckenspråkig kommunikation ska fungera på ett för döva tillfredsställande sätt.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:57:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3226_1.pdf: 3509893 bytes, checksum: 6653c5bf984844a475970870f4a442fb (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Nos últimos anos, as operadoras de telefonia móvel estão investindo na implantação e expansão de suas redes de terceira geração 3G/HSPA. O volume de tráfego de dados dessas redes crescem a taxas elevadas, o que demanda altos investimentos e celeridade no incremento por mais capacidade, exigindo das operadoras a racionalização de seus recursos, para garantir um grau de serviço adequado aos seus clientes e o aprimoramento no conhecimento dessas redes. Atualmente, este processo de racionalização é norteado por métricas tradicionais geradas pelos sistemas de gerenciamento e monitoramento de rede das operadoras (Operation SubSystem - OSS). Porém, o conhecimento da composição do tráfego de dados na rede 3G pode oferecer maiores detalhes e informações complementares para ações de dimensionamento e aferições da rede e o planejamento de políticas para os seus usuários de uma maneira mais precisa. No entanto, o potencial das informações extraídas de amostras de tráfego de pacotes na rede 3G ainda não foi devidamente investigado. Este trabalho objetiva realizar uma análise do comportamento de tais redes, através de coleta de dados numa interface IuPS e também de medições disponíveis no OSS de uma operadora móvel comercial brasileira. A partir dessa análise, fornecemos meios de se conhecer o perfil de seus usuários e um conjunto de métricas que proporcionem um melhor entendimento de seu funcionamento. Tais métricas assumem um papel de destaque nas tomadas de decisões gerenciais nas áreas técnica e comercial

This report looks at the modern cellular wireless network environment and the factors of energy consumption therein. The consumption of connectivity re- lated hardware is gradually becoming a larger part of the power consumption of virtually any mobile device. This report studies measurements of a mobile broadband module energy usage due to data transfer. It is found that switch- ing between technologies is still beneficial and savings are very feasible when using technologies with different traits if done correctly. Further the possibility of energy savings within a single high-bandwidth technology (3G) are assessed considering variations on response time and throughput. This is relevant as the need to handle highly dynamic loads becomes more and more important in the modern connectivity landscape. By gauging the savings available from schedul- ing link accesses and switching technology this is put in context by sampling a few common services namely Skype, Spotify and normal web browsing for their energy footprints. We will also look briefly at the background traffic generated by two common operating systems, Windows 7 and Ubuntu GNU/Linux.

Ingeniero Civil Eléctrico / El creciente avance de las telecomunicaciones móviles nos permite hoy en día, no tan solo comunicarnos con quien deseamos de una manera fácil y rápida, sino que también nos entrega la posibilidad de descargar archivos, música y videos a través de nuevas generaciones de dispositivos móviles, liderados principalmente por los teléfonos inteligentes o smartphones. Actualmente la penetración de la telefonía móvil alcanza un 140% y con ello se acrecienta la demanda de servicios que utilizan un mayor ancho de banda, lo que congestiona la red y hace que los usuarios perciban una calidad de servicio deteriorada. Los operadores de telecomunicaciones responden a la necesidad del usuario, tanto de mayores velocidades de datos como de una mejor calidad de servicio, con la incorporación de una nueva y mejor tecnología de acceso a internet, denominada Long Term Evolution (LTE), la cual alcanzaría velocidad hasta 10 veces mayores que sus predecesoras, además de contar con bajos tiempos de latencia. El presente Trabajo de Título, tiene como motivación satisfacer la necesidad de capacitación existente, tanto en la industria como en los centros de estudio, enfocando el contenido de un curso, tanto teórico como práctico, hacia el análisis de la Calidad de Servicio (QoS, Quality of Service) percibida por los usuarios de los servicios de Banda Ancha Móvil (BAM) actualmente montados sobre redes 3G y sobre las futuras redes LTE. El objetivo general del Trabajo de Título es desarrollar un curso sobre calidad de servicio en Redes 3G y LTE, compuesto por una parte teórica y una parte práctica o de laboratorio. Para lograr el objetivo planteado, se diseña una metodología docente para la parte teórica del curso, la cual consiste en la confección de un material docente basado en el diseño y construcción de cursos universitarios, mientras que para la metodología de los prototipos de prueba, se diseñan e implementan una serie de pruebas de laboratorio, que ejemplifican como diversos factores de red y condiciones de usuario afectan la QoS percibida por el usuario de servicios BAM tanto para redes 3G como para LTE. Los prototipos de prueba se implementan bajo la red de un ISP en el caso 3G y bajo la red de un laboratorio en el caso LTE. El resultado del trabajo es el material complementario para un curso, compuesto en su parte teórica por nueve capítulos, y en su parte práctica por nueve experiencias de laboratorio basadas en prototipos de prueba diseñados e implementados. Cada capítulo se materializa en un conjunto de diapositivas a modo de material docente, mientras que, por otro lado, se confecciona una guía de laboratorio con los prototipos de prueba detallados paso a paso. Las pruebas de laboratorio fueron validadas a través de la obtención de mediciones de throughput, en condiciones de red simuladas, observándose una disminución de la QoS acorde con los resultados teóricos. El Trabajo de Título propone como trabajos futuros la realización de más prototipos de prueba, usar los prototipos descritos en esta memoria, en otras tecnologías de acceso o en la futura red LTE y por último la realización de las pruebas a través de un enlace internacional. La memoria de Título presenta una propuesta atractiva para un curso que abarca temáticas contingentes y de interés tanto para los Operadores de Telecomunicaciones como para los estudiantes del DIE de la Universidad de Chile, estableciendo metodologías de medición con proyecciones en el plano investigativo principalmente para redes LTE.

The development of 3G (the 3rd generation telecommunication) value-added services brings higher requirements of Quality of Service (QoS). Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) is one of three 3G standards, and enhancement of QoS for WCDMA Core Network (CN) becomes more and more important for users and carriers. The dissertation focuses on enhancement of QoS for WCDMA CN. The purpose is to realize the DiffServ (Differentiated Services) model of QoS for WCDMA CN. Based on the parallelism characteristic of Network Processors (NPs), the NP programming model is classified as Pool of Threads (POTs) and Hyper Task Chaining (HTC). In this study, an integrated programming model that combines both of the two models was designed. This model has highly efficient and flexible features, and also solves the problems of sharing conflicts and packet ordering. We used this model as the programming model to realize DiffServ QoS for WCDMA CN. The realization mechanism of the DiffServ model mainly consists of buffer management, packet scheduling and packet classification algorithms based on NPs. First, we proposed an adaptive buffer management algorithm called Packet Adaptive Fair Dropping (PAFD), which takes into consideration of both fairness and throughput, and has smooth service curves. Then, an improved packet scheduling algorithm called Priority-based Weighted Fair Queuing (PWFQ) was introduced to ensure the fairness of packet scheduling and reduce queue time of data packets. At the same time, the delay and jitter are also maintained in a small range. Thirdly, a multi-dimensional packet classification algorithm called Classification Based on Network Processors (CBNPs) was designed. It effectively reduces the memory access and storage space, and provides less time and space complexity. Lastly, an integrated hardware and software system of the DiffServ model of QoS for WCDMA CN was proposed. It was implemented on the NP IXP2400. According to the corresponding experiment results, the proposed system significantly enhanced QoS for WCDMA CN. It extensively improves consistent response time, display distortion and sound image synchronization, and thus increases network efficiency and saves network resource.

With the advent of telecommunication technology, the need to transport multimedia content is increasing day by day. Successful video transmission over the wireless network faces a lot of challenges because of the limited resource and error prone nature of the wireless environment. To deal with these two challenges, not only the video needs to be compressed very efficiently but also the compression scheme needs to provide some error resilient features to deal with the high packet loss probability. In this thesis, we have worked with the H.264/ Advanced Video Coding (AVC) video compression standard since this is the most recent and most efficient video compression scheme. Also H.264 provides novel error resilient features e.g. slicing of the frame, Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO), data partitioning etc. In this thesis, we investigate how to utilize the error resilient schemes of H.264 to ensure a good quality picture at the receiving end. In the first part of the thesis, we find the optimum slice size that will enhance the quality of video transmission in a 3G environment. In the second part, we jointly optimize the data partitioning property and partial reliability extension property of the new transport layer protocol, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). In the third and last part, we focus more on the network layer issues. We obtain the optimum point of application layer Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer retransmission in a capacity constrained network. We assume that the bit rate assigned for the video application is more than the video bit rate so that the extra capacity available can be used for error correction. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of / Graduate

More and more people all over the world are using a USB modem to connect to the Internet. This is especially true in Sweden- which has the highest 3G coverage in Europe. Comparable to fixed broadband access, using a 3G USB modem is a wonderful experience for the customer. Increasingly, anywhere we can use our cellular phone is a place that we are able to access the Internet, even if we are traveling in a train, walking in a park, or sitting on the beach. This makes working on the move much easier. However, customers do not know if the network throughput, delay, and the cost of connectivity match their needs. Additionally, there is also the question of the time to connect to the network when there has not been some traffic for a period of time. However, the throughput, delay, and "time to connect" when using such a modem to connect to a wireless network depend on several factors. In this thesis we will examine these factors. More specifically, the thesis will analyze in detail the effects of using a USB attached network interface, in order to gain greater understanding of such an interface’s network performance. We have chosen to focus on the uplink, as it was expected to have a low throughput and it has not had as much attention as the downlink performance. / Fler och fler människor över hela världen använder ett USB-modem för att ansluta tillInternet. Detta gäller i synnerhet i Sverige, som har den största 3G-täckning i Europa.Jämförbar med fast bredband, med hjälp av ett 3G USB-modemet är en underbar upplevelseför kunden. Allt var som helst vi kan använda vår mobiltelefon är en plats som vi hartillgång till Internet, även om vi färdas i ett tåg, promenad i en park, eller sitter på stranden.Detta gör att arbeta på resande fot mycket enklare. Men kunderna inte vet om nätetgenomströmning, fördröjning, och kostnaden för anslutning passar deras behov. Dessutomfinns det också en fråga om tid att ansluta till nätverket när det inte har funnits några trafikför en tid. Men den genomströmning, fördröjning och "tid för att ansluta" när du använderett modem för att ansluta till ett trådlöst nätverk beror på flera faktorer. I denna avhandlingkommer vi att undersöka dessa faktorer. Mer specifikt avhandlingen analyserar i detaljeffekterna av att använda en USB bifogade nätverkskort, för att få större förståelse för ettsådant gränssnitt nätverk prestanda. Vi har valt att fokusera på upplänk, eftersom detförväntas ha låg kapacitet och det har inte fått lika mycket uppmärksamhet som denerlänkning prestanda.

The goal of this project was to analyze the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) with respect to the interworking functionality between two or more IMS domains belonging to different operators. The thesis presents an overview of IMS, its purpose, the circumstances and the environment in which it has evolved, and a look into some of the challenges that lie ahead. Through careful examination of the history of the mobile communications and of IMS itself, the thesis attempts to give the reader a full and comprehendible understanding of what IMS is, what its purpose is, and why it came into existence. The thesis considers the different models of IMS interworking, as they are currently envisioned by the standardisation bodies and the telecom industry. This analysis aims to identify some of the problematic aspects of the IMS Interworking and to suggest concrete areas for further investigation, which will contribute to the future successful IMS development and deployment. The report looks into such aspects of IMS interworking as the DNS, different models for ENUM DNS resolution; security issues and technical challenges of security with respect to the network as a whole and some of the IMS network elements in particular, such as the DNS. This thesis also presents the findings of the authors, regarding the challenges of interworking between networks built to support different versions of the IP protocol. The thesis focuses on the areas of interest, mentioned above, as these have been identified as being of particular significance in connection with the further development of the IMS architecture. / Målet med denna uppsats var att analysera IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) med fokus på samverkan mellan två eller flera IMS domäner som tillhör olika operatörer. Examensjobbet beskriver en övergripande bild av IMS, dess målsättning, förhållanderna och miljön som den har utvecklats i och några utav utmaningarna som ligger framöver. Uppsatsen försöker med hjälp av bakgrundsfakta om mobiltelefonins historia ge läsarna förståelse om vad IMS är, syftet med det och varför det existerar. Uppsatsen beskriver olika samverkningsmodeller av IMS som grundar sig i modeller från de olika standardiseringsorganen samt från telecomindustrin. Målet med denna analys är att identifiera några problemaspekter samt presentera konkreta områden att fortsätta arbeta på gällande IMS och dess gällande samverkan mellan olika operatörer. Detta kan bidra till fortsatt framgång med utvecklingen samt utspridningen av IMS. Uppsatsen tar upp samverkningsproblem med IMS så som DNS, olika uppslagsmetoder av ENUM DNS, säkerhetsfrågor och säkerhetstekniska utmaningar med fokus på nätverket samt några IMS nätverkselement som DNS:en. Uppsatsen lägger också fram författarnas slutsatser gällande samverkan av de olika nätverken med olika versioner av IP protokollet. Examensjobbet fokuserar på de olika områderna som är ovan nämnda, då de har blivit identiferade med speciell betydelse för att kunna fortsätta att framgångsrikt utveckla IMS arkitekturen.