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Although evolving mobile technologies bring millions of users closer to the vision of information anywhere-anytime, device battery depletions hamper the quality of experience to a great extent. We argue that the design of energy-efficient solutions starts by energy-awareness and propose EnergyBox, a tool that provides accurate and repeatable energy consumption studies for 3G and WiFi transmissions at the user end. We recognize that the energy consumption of data transmission is highly dependable on the traffic pattern, and provide the means for trace-based iterative packet-driven simulation to derive the operation states of wireless interfaces. The strength of EnergyBox is that it allows to modularly set the 3G network parameters specified at operator level, the adaptive power save mode mechanism for a WiFi device, and the different power levels of the operation states for different handheld devices. EnergyBox enables efficient energy consumption studies using real data, which complements the device-dependent laborious physical power measurements. Using real application transmission traces, we have validated EnergyBox showing an accuracy range of 94-99% for 3G and 93-99% for WiFi compared to the real measured energy consumption by a 3G modem and a smartphone with WiFi.

EnergyBox is a parametrised estimation tool that uses packet traces as input to simulate the energy consumption of communication in mobile devices. This tool models the transmission behaviour of a smart phone by analysing a recorded packet trace from the device. The purpose of the thesis is to reimplement the original EnergyBox energy consumption modelling tool. The project aims to develop support for a graphical user interface (GUI) and a code base that is easier to modify and maintain. The motivation for the reimplementation of the tool is to simplify its usage and to structure the code so that new features can be added. The existing features such as the calculation of total power consumed by the packet trace and the modelling of a device's energy states are reimplemented and new features are developed. Among the new features, a GUI is added to simplify the usage of the application features such as the detection of the recording device's IP address and the ability to alter the configuration parameters used as input to the energy model. The application is written with a GUI and modularity in mind. This is achieved using Java's proprietary new GUI framework - JavaFX, which supports built-in chart and graph GUI elements, that can be easily integrated and supported. The energy modelling engines follow the semantics of the original implementation and the evaluation shows that the new implementation's results are identical to the original tool in 94.94% of the tested cases.

Although evolving mobile technologies bring millions of users closer to the vision of information anywhere-anytime, device battery depletions hamper the quality of experience to a great extent. The massive explosion of mobile applications with the ensuing data exchange over the cellular infrastructure is not only a blessing to the mobile user, but also has a price in terms of rapid discharge of the device battery. Wireless communication is a large contributor to the energy consumption. Thus, the current call for energy economy in mobile devices poses the challenge of reducing the energy consumption of wireless data transmissions at the user end by developing energy-efficient communication. This thesis addresses the energy efficiency of data transmission at the user end in the context of cellular networks. We argue that the design of energy-efficient solutions starts by energy awareness and propose EnergyBox, a parametrised tool that enables accurate and repeatable energy quantification at the user end using real data traffic traces as input. EnergyBox abstracts the underlying states for operation of the wireless interfaces and allows to estimate the energy consumption for different operator settings and device characteristics. Next, we devise an energy-efficient algorithm that schedules the packet transmissions at the user end based on the knowledge of the network parameters that impact the handset energy consumption. The solution focuses on the characteristics of a given traffic class with the lowest quality of service requirements. The cost of running the solution itself is studied showing that the proposed cross-layer scheduler uses a small amount of energy to significantly extend the battery lifetime at the cost of some added latency.  Finally, the benefit of employing EnergyBox to systematically study the different design choices that developers face with respect to data transmissions of applications is shown in the context of location sharing services and instant messaging applications. The results show that quantifying energy consumption of communication patterns, protocols, and data formats can aid the design of tailor-made solutions with a significantly smaller energy footprint.

O assunto básico da pesquisa, como o titulo selecionado, refere-se às estruturas lineares e às faixas necessárias para sua implantação como as linhas de infra-estrutura de rodovias e demais modais de transporte, bem como a infra-estrutura de energia realizada por meio de dutos e linhas de transmissão. As partes da pesquisa selecionadas para a Tese fazem referência aos módulos que serão desenvolvidos, a saber: Primeiro Módulo: Trata dos antecedentes do projeto de pesquisa e da natureza da tipologia de infra-estrutura das estruturas lineares que estão inseridas nas malhas viárias e nas redes de energia. Segundo Módulo: A Cidade Linear sob o olhar da natureza do percurso das águas e da natureza do percurso da energia. A Ocupação de São Paulo, desde a procura do sítio sustentado, o ambiente natural, até a ocupação metropolitana. O sistema de transportes desenhando o ambiente construído até a esfera regional. Terceiro Módulo: A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental AIA na implantação de projetos de estruturas lineares, com base no conceito de impacto ambiental e as metodologias adotadas para sua quali e quantificação. Quarto Módulo: As Formas de Participação Pública são discutidas visando apontar os benefícios de seu procedimento. A participação pública no Processo de Avaliação do Projeto por meio de Técnicas de Comunicação e Audiências Públicas entre outras. Quinto Módulo: Como considerações finais os casos de empreendimentos lineares apresentados na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo são classificados de forma a buscar alternativas para futuros empreendimentos de mesma natureza. O modelo proposto para avaliação de projeto é objeto de analise. O desenvolvimento da infra-estrutura, de rodovias, ferrovias, linhas de transmissão e dutovias, estão inseridos em segmentos de redes ou malhas de energia ou transportes, as quais deverão se apropriar de corredores de grandes extensões em território que deverá ser avaliado de forma sustentável. / The research´s main subject, as seen in the title, Linear Structure Projects: Transport roads and energy trails sustentainable limits, refers to the linear structures and the lanes that are needed to its implantation like the roads structure lanes and also different kinds of transportation, transmission energy lines and pipelines. The researchs extracts selected to the Thesis, make references to the chapters that are going to be developed they are: Chapter one: Research projects previous considerations were analyzed as well as the linear structures types that are inside of all transportation and energy net. Chapter two: The linear city under the eyes of the water and energy nature course. São Paulo`s territorial occupation, since the search of sustainable place, the natural environment, until metropolitan occupation.The transport system drawing the built environment until the regional boundary. Chapter three: The Environmental Impact Assessment EIA on the implantation of linear structures projects, with basis on environmental impact concepts and suitable methodologies for quality and quantity evaluation. Chapter four: The ways of public participation are discussed aiming the benefits of its procedure. Public participation on the projects analysis process through communication techniques and public hearings among others. Chapter five: Come to conclusion after analyzing the select cases on São Paulo`s metropolitan area, alternatives were brought to discussion for a new future construction with same typologies of linear structures. A new model of project evaluation is presented. The segments of transport and energy nets must be evaluated with sustainable basis.

O assunto básico da pesquisa, como o titulo selecionado, refere-se às estruturas lineares e às faixas necessárias para sua implantação como as linhas de infra-estrutura de rodovias e demais modais de transporte, bem como a infra-estrutura de energia realizada por meio de dutos e linhas de transmissão. As partes da pesquisa selecionadas para a Tese fazem referência aos módulos que serão desenvolvidos, a saber: Primeiro Módulo: Trata dos antecedentes do projeto de pesquisa e da natureza da tipologia de infra-estrutura das estruturas lineares que estão inseridas nas malhas viárias e nas redes de energia. Segundo Módulo: A Cidade Linear sob o olhar da natureza do percurso das águas e da natureza do percurso da energia. A Ocupação de São Paulo, desde a procura do sítio sustentado, o ambiente natural, até a ocupação metropolitana. O sistema de transportes desenhando o ambiente construído até a esfera regional. Terceiro Módulo: A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental AIA na implantação de projetos de estruturas lineares, com base no conceito de impacto ambiental e as metodologias adotadas para sua quali e quantificação. Quarto Módulo: As Formas de Participação Pública são discutidas visando apontar os benefícios de seu procedimento. A participação pública no Processo de Avaliação do Projeto por meio de Técnicas de Comunicação e Audiências Públicas entre outras. Quinto Módulo: Como considerações finais os casos de empreendimentos lineares apresentados na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo são classificados de forma a buscar alternativas para futuros empreendimentos de mesma natureza. O modelo proposto para avaliação de projeto é objeto de analise. O desenvolvimento da infra-estrutura, de rodovias, ferrovias, linhas de transmissão e dutovias, estão inseridos em segmentos de redes ou malhas de energia ou transportes, as quais deverão se apropriar de corredores de grandes extensões em território que deverá ser avaliado de forma sustentável. / The research´s main subject, as seen in the title, Linear Structure Projects: Transport roads and energy trails sustentainable limits, refers to the linear structures and the lanes that are needed to its implantation like the roads structure lanes and also different kinds of transportation, transmission energy lines and pipelines. The researchs extracts selected to the Thesis, make references to the chapters that are going to be developed they are: Chapter one: Research projects previous considerations were analyzed as well as the linear structures types that are inside of all transportation and energy net. Chapter two: The linear city under the eyes of the water and energy nature course. São Paulo`s territorial occupation, since the search of sustainable place, the natural environment, until metropolitan occupation.The transport system drawing the built environment until the regional boundary. Chapter three: The Environmental Impact Assessment EIA on the implantation of linear structures projects, with basis on environmental impact concepts and suitable methodologies for quality and quantity evaluation. Chapter four: The ways of public participation are discussed aiming the benefits of its procedure. Public participation on the projects analysis process through communication techniques and public hearings among others. Chapter five: Come to conclusion after analyzing the select cases on São Paulo`s metropolitan area, alternatives were brought to discussion for a new future construction with same typologies of linear structures. A new model of project evaluation is presented. The segments of transport and energy nets must be evaluated with sustainable basis.