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The purpose of this study is to determine the viability of this technology as a realistic archaeological field tool and discuss what advantages, limitations, and implications this technology has for the purposes of archaeological field survey in Sweden. To determine this, five targets in Stockholm County already professionally surveyed and documented, have been scanned with LiDAR as well as two also with photogrammetry via smartphone apps on an iPhone 12 Pro Max to compare the scanning process and the respective results for each target. After analysing targets in Angarn, Fresta, Sollentuna, Österhaninge, and Kärrtorp parishes, a post-phenomenological perspective was applied to each model to discuss their potential as technologically mediated human experiences. An additional sixth target was scanned to compare against other 3D techniques. This study has determined that the photogrammetry tools in the apps provided the best conditions and results for use in archaeological field survey documentation while the LiDAR tools have room for improvement as a professional tool.

Yes / Age estimation methods are often based on the age-related morphological changes of the auricular surface and the pubic bone. In this study, a mathematical approach to quantify these changes has been tested analyzing the curvature variation on 3D models from CT and laser scans. The sample consisted of the 24 Suchey–Brooks (SB) pubic bone casts, 19 auricular surfaces from the Buckberry and Chamberlain (BC) “recording kit” and 98 pelvic bones from the Terry Collection (Smithsonian Institution). Strong and moderate correlations between phases and curvature were found in SB casts (ρ 0.60–0.93) and BC “recording kit” (ρ 0.47–0.75), moderate and weak correlations in the Terry Collection bones (pubic bones: ρ 0.29–0.51, auricular surfaces: ρ 0.33–0.50) but associated with large individual variability and overlap of curvature values between adjacent decades. The new procedure, requiring no expert judgment from the operator, achieved similar correlations that can be found in the classic methods.

Yes / Recent studies have reported that quantifying symphyseal and auricular surfaces curvature changes on 3D models acquired by laser scanners have a potential for age estimation. However, no tests have been carried out to evaluate the repeatability of the results between different laser scanners. 3D models of the two pelvic joints were generated using three laser scanners (Custom, Faro, Minolta). The surface curvature, the surface area and the distance between co-registered meshes were investigated. Close results were found for surface areas (differences between 0.3% and 2.4%) and for distance deviations (average < 20 μm, SD < 200 μm). The curvature values were found to be systematically biased between different laser scanners, but still showing similar trends with increasing phases / scores. Applying a smoothing factor to the 3D models, it was possible to separate anatomy from the measurement error of each instrument, so that similar curvature values could be obtained (p < 0.05) independent of the specific laser scanner. / The full text was made available at the end of the publisher's embargo: 31st March 2016

Magistrantūros baigiamojo darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti 3D lazerines matavimo sistemas, jų panaudojimą geodeziniams darbams ir palyginti su elektroniniu tacheometru. Atliekant tyrimą buvo panaudoti teoriniai bei praktiniai duomenys ir sisteminė analizė. Tyrimo objektas- stacionarus lazerinis skeneris Riegl LMS-Z420i. Pasirinktas prietaisas yra kol kas vienintelis toks Lietuvoje. Modernios technologijos su naujausiais techniniais sprendimais dėl savo produktyvumo gauna vis didesnę reikšmę geodezijoje. Todėl būtina žinoti jų veikimo principus ir panaudojimo galimybes. 3D lazerinės matavimų sistemos palyginti su elektroniniais tachometrais yra naujas dalykas. 3D lazerinės matavimų sistemos - tai įrenginiai, 3D skeneriai, kurie analizuoja realaus pasaulio objektą ir jo aplinką, siekiant surinkti duomenis apie jo formą ir jo išvaizdą (t.y. spalvą). Surinkti duomenys gali būti naudojami kurti skaitmeninius trimačius modeliu- tai informacija naudinga įvairioms programoms. Šie prietaisai yra plačiai naudojami topografiniuose darbuose, kalnakasyboje, fasadų matavimams, pastatų inventorizacijai, miestų modeliavimui. Taip pat ši technologija apima pramoninio dizaino, protezavimo, prototipų kūrimo, kokybės kontrolės tikrinimo funkcijas. Darbe išanalizuoti lazerinis skeneris Riegl LMS-Z420i, jo parametrai bei funkcijos, matavimo technologija ir palyginta matavimo sparta, tikslumas ir duomenų apdorojimas su elektroniniu tacheometru Sokkia set 5x. Atlikus palyginimą lazerinis skeneris... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Magister thesis is to analyze the 3D laser measurement systems, the use of geodetic work and compared with an electronic tachometer having. The study was theoretical and practical use of data and systematic analysis. The object of the stationary-laser scanner Riegl LMS-Z420i. The selected device is so far the only one in Lithuania. Modern technology with the latest technical solutions for its performance are receiving an increasing larger role in geodesy. Therefore, it is necessary to know the principles of operation and usability. 3D laser measurement system in relation to electronic tachometer is a new thing. 3D laser measurement system - a device, 3D scanners, which examines real-world object and its environment in order to collect data about its shape and its appearance (ie color). The data collected can be used to create digital three-dimensional model, this information is useful for various applications. These devices are widely used for topographical works, mining, facade measurements, building inventory, urban simulation. Also, this technology include industrial design, prosthetics, prototype development, quality control inspection functions. The paper analyzed a laser scanner Riegl LMS-Z420i, its parameters and functions, measurement techniques and compared the measurement speed, accuracy and data processing with an electronic tacheometer having Sokkia Set 5x. After a comparison of laser scanner Riegl LMS-Z420i has superior electronic tachometers Sokkia Set 5x.

Byggsektorn har brottats med flertal problem såsom låg produktivitet, kvalitetsbrister och höga byggkostnader. På senare tid har företag börjat satsat på nya arbetssätt som med hjälp av tekniken gör det möjligt att minska dessa problem. Ett arbetssätt som ska minska dessa problem är VDC, Virtual Design and Construction. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka ifall VDC gynnar produktionen samt vilka hinder man kan stöta på inom VDC. Undersökningen kommer utföras med hjälp av litteraturstudier och via intervjuer med personer av relevant utbildning eller som är arbetsförande på marknaden. För att undvika fall av fel information kommer undersökningen att kompletteras med litteraturstudier av böcker, artiklar, rapporter samt företagssidor. VDC är ett arbetssätt som bland annat går ut på att alla parter arbetar ständigt med varandra under byggprocessen. VDC i produktionen förbättrar bland annat kommunikationen, slutprodukten och arbetsplatsen i form av bättre kvalite och arbetsmiljö. Hinder som kan förekomma i produktionen är att den äldre generationen inte är redo för en sådan avancerad teknik. Med en kortare utbildning och uppmuntran så bör alla yrkesarbetare kunna hantera en 3D-modell. Undersökningar visar att impementering av VDC i produktionen skulle ge positiva framgångar. Yrkesarbetarna skulle bli mer delaktiga och få en större förståelse för projektet, vilket ger bland annat en förbättrad slutprodukt. / The construction sector has struggled with some problems such as low productivity, lack of quality and high construction costs. Recently, companies have started investing in new ways of working, that with the help of the technology and make it possible to reduce these problems. One way to reduce these problems is through VDC, Virtual Design and Construction. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether VDC support production in a positive way and what type of blocks you can bump into using VDC. Literature studies and interview studies will be conducted with experts in order to answer the purpose of this study. This report is limited to production. In order for the information not to be incorrect, we have chosen to do literature studies on books, articles, reports and company pages. VDC is a working method where all the parties work continuosly with each other during the process. VDC in production improves communication, workplace, end product and more. Obstacles that may occur in production are that the older generation is not ready for such advanced technology. With a shorter education and encouragement, all workers should be able to handle a 3D model. Studies show that VDC impregnation in production would produce positive results. The skilled workers would be more involved and gain a greater understanding of the project, which among other things provides an improved end product.

Digitale 3D-Modelle der Architektur haben innerhalb der letzten fünf Jahrzehnte sowohl die analogen, auf Papier basierenden Zeichnungen als auch die physischen Modelle aus ihrer planungs-, ausführungs- und dokumentationsunterstützenden Rolle verdrängt. Als Herausforderungen bei der Integration von 3D-Modellen in digitale Bibliotheken und Archive sind zunächst die meist nur rudimentäre Annotation mit Metadaten seitens der Autoren und die nur implizit in den Modellen vorhandenen Informationen zu nennen. Aus diesen Defiziten resultiert ein aktuell starkes Interesse an inhaltsbasierter Erschließung durch vernetzte Nutzergruppen oder durch automatisierte Verfahren, die z.B. aufgrund von Form- oder Strukturmerkmalen eine automatische Kategorisierung von 3D-Modellen anhand gegebener Schemata ermöglichen. Die teilweise automatische Erkennung von objektinhärenter Semantik vergrößert die Menge an diskreten und semantisch unterscheidbaren Einheiten. 3D-Modelle als Content im World Wide Web können sowohl untereinander als auch mit anderen textuellen wie nichttextuellen Objekten verknüpft werden, also Teil von aggregierten Dokumenten sein. Die Aggregationen bzw. der Modellkontext sowie die inhärenten Entitäten erfordern Instrumente der Organisation, um dem Benutzer bei der Suche nach Informationen einen Mehrwert zu bieten, insbesondere dann, wenn textbasiert nach Informationen zum Modell und zu dessen Kontext gesucht wird. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Metadatenmodell zur gezielten Strukturierung von Information entwickelt, welche aus 3D-Architekturmodellen gewonnen wird. Mittels dieser Strukturierung kann das Modell mit weiterer Information vernetzt werden. Die Anwendung etablierter Ontologien sowie der Einsatz von URIs machen die Informationen nicht nur explizit, sondern beinhalten auch eine semantische Information über die Relation selbst, sodass eine Interoperabilität zu anderen verfügbaren Daten im Sinne der Grundprinzipien des Linked-Data-Ansatzes gewährleistet wird. / Digital 3D models from the domain of architecture have replaced analogue paper-based drawings as well as haptic scale models bit by bit during the last five decades. The main challenges for integrating 3D models in digital libraries and archives are posed by mostly only sparse annotation with metadata provided by the author and the fact that information is only implicitly available. This has recently led to an increased interest in context-based indexing using automatic approaches as well as social tagging. Computer based approaches usually rely on methods from artificial intelligence including machine learning for automated categorization based on geometric and structural properties according to a given classification scheme. The partially automated recognition of model-inherent semantics increases the number of discrete and semantically distinguishable entities. 3D models as parts of the World Wide Web can be interlinked which each other. Aggregations as well as the model context along with inherent entities require efficient tools for organization in order to provide real additional benefits for the user during its quest for information. Especially for text-based search on information about a 3D model and its context, a metadata model is an indispensable tool regarding the above described challenges. In this work we develop a metadata model for specific structuring of information, which is obtained from 3D architectural models. Using this structure, the model can be linked to further information. The application of established ontologies and the use of URIs make the information not only explicitly, but also provide semantic information about the relation itself. By that, interoperability according to the principles of the LOD approach is guaranteed.

Att utveckla 3D-animeringar till dataspel är kostsamt eftersom det tar mycket tid och resurser för att uppnå den kvalitet som dagens spelare kräver. För att både spara arbetstid och göra det lättare för ovana animatörer att skapa animationer av tillräckligt hög kvalitet undersöker detta arbete hur ett verktyg för regelbaserad procedurell animering kan utformas, vad spelare anser om resultatet och vad utvecklare anser om både resultat och användning. För att testa detta skapades en artefakt (ett rymdspel) bestående av 3D-modeller och programmering (C# i Unity) av script, API, klasser och metoder. Arte­fakten animerar procedurellt utifrån algoritmer baserade på variabler. Utvärderingen av artefakten genomfördes med stöd av funktionsprotokoll, enkät och intervjuer. Slutsatsen är att regelbaserad procedurell animering är användbar för mekaniska delar utifrån synpunkter från dataspelsutvecklare och spelare. Framtida arbete kan bestå av en utökad undersökning med fler respondenter, tillförande av ett grafiskt gränssnitt, produktutveckling tillsammans med företag, skapande av fler verktyg och användade av AI.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-05-23T17:09:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Rocha Wagner_.pdf: 2982994 bytes, checksum: 24c9aa0417df7a1e1754e10e2db53e9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T17:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Rocha Wagner_.pdf: 2982994 bytes, checksum: 24c9aa0417df7a1e1754e10e2db53e9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / A compreensão da morfologia facial, seja pela visualização ou pela antropometria, é uma questão importante para o diagnóstico clínico e estudo de síndromes dismórficas. Quando não é possível ter acesso ao paciente, fotografias 2D podem ser utilizadas como um meio de visualização e análise antropométrica, ainda que limitada a um único ponto de vista por imagem e pela perda da dimensão de profundidade, o que não ocorre em imagens 3D. Este trabalho propõe um modelo de antropometria digital e análise imersiva de modelos 3D visando auxiliar a pesquisa e o diagnóstico clínico de síndromes dismórficas. Um total de 59 crianças afetadas por Zika Congênita foram analisadas. Foram coletados modelos 3D da cabeça e 13 medidas antropométricas craniofaciais de cada paciente. Para obtenção das medidas antropométricas foram utilizadas duas abordagens, o método manual tradicional com uso do paquímetro e o método computacional proposto neste trabalho. A diferença média das medidas do método proposto em relação com o método tradicional ficou abaixo de 1mm para a maioria das medidas consideradas, sendo a maior diferença média próxima de 3mm. Na comparação de ambos, o método proposto apresentou resultados compatíveis com o tradicional além de apresentar algumas vantagens em relação à antropometria manual. / The understanding of facial morphology, either by visualization or by anthropometry, is an important issue for the clinical diagnosis and the study of dysmorphic syndromes. When it is not possible to have access to the patient, 2D photographs can be used as a means of visualization and anthropometric analysis, although limited to a single point of view per image and the loss of the depth dimension, which does not occur in 3D images. This work proposes a model of digital anthropometry and immersive analysis of 3D models aiming to aid the research and clinical diagnosis of dysmorphic syndromes. A total of 59 children affected by Congenital Zika were analyzed. 3D models of the head and 13 craniofacial anthropometric measurements of each patient were collected using two approaches, the traditional manual method with the use of the caliper and the computational method proposed in this study. The average difference of the measurements of the proposed method in relation to the traditional method was below 1mm for most of the measures considered, with the largest average difference being close to 3mm. When comparing both, the proposed method presented results compatible with the traditional one also presenting some advantages over manual anthropometry.

To create a good scientific reconstruction is important artistic skills and knowledge of history painting of prehistoric animals, and also knowlages in the anatomy, zoology, palaeontology, palaeoecology and also biomechanics. Reconstruction It stands on the borderline between art and science. Our view on the fossil marine Amniotes change over time with advancing skeletal findings, and also changed a scientific reconstruction. Although the actual outputs, such as reconstruction and in particular 3D models can explain a number of new or unexplained informations about this group. A reconstruction expert can not only beautify their actions, but also enthance scientific knowledge, or even to outline a new direction for further research. Keywords: Scientific reconstruction, fossil marine amniotes, adaptation, anatomy, evolution, palaeoecology, biomechanice, 3D models, trends.