Design patterns in software systems are described as a universal reusable solution to a commonly recurring problem in software design. Design patterns were, however, not intended to be reusable in terms of code. A symptom of their non-reusability is the problems experienced with the way the implementation of design patterns negatively affects their traceability, maintainability and contribution to productivity. This thesis shows how design patterns can be elevated to a higher level of reusability. This work presents design patterns as reusable components that developers can use to implement solutions that utilise patterns, without having to implement a major part of a pattern’s structure and behaviour anew each time. A component is a reusable software section, with possible library classes, that is usually in source form. Previous research has shown that a high proportion of patterns (65%) can be “componentized” in Eiffel, which leads to the idea that a language supporting the same set of features would also have the same success in pattern componentization. This thesis has looked at the componentization of twelve design patterns in C#. The C# language has more advanced language features than Eiffel, including functional and dynamic language features and, as such, should lend itself better to pattern componentization than Eiffel does. The language features that are reviewed in this thesis are inheritance, design by contract™, attributes, method references (or delegates), anonymous functions, lambda expressions, mixins (or extension methods), duck typing, dynamic types and meta-programming. Each pattern’s reusable components are discussed in detail, including the success of the reusable component transformation. All the design patterns reviewed in this thesis could be transformed into fully or partially reusable components. Implementing design patterns using reusable library components is thus a step in the right direction in making design pattern implementations more traceable, reusable, maintainable and more productive. Other object-oriented languages implementing the same or similar language features as those reviewed in this thesis should have the same level of success in transforming design patterns into reusable components. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Computer Science / unrestricted

The main focus of this Masters Thesis is the implementation of Lean management in the company Alfa Plastik. The second objective of this Thesis is to recommended procedures of facilitate the transition to a fully automated production in the level of Industry-4.0. Achieving these objectives should bring funding, by utilizing lean production. Funds saved by lean production should be used in trasformation of factory. Methods of Lean management were used to achieve higher production efficiency.

Big data in industry 4.0 is a major subject for the currently developed research but also for the organizations that are motivated to invest in these kinds of projects. The big data are known as the large quantity of data collected from various resources that potentially could be analyzed and provide valuable insights and patterns. In industry 4.0 the production of data is massive, and thus, provides the basis for analysis and important information extraction. This study aims to provide the impact of big data analytics in industry 4.0 environments by the utilization of the SWOT dimensions framework with the intention to provide both a positive and a negative perspective of the subject. Considering that these implementations are an innovative trend and limited awareness exists for the subject, it is valuable to summarize and explore the identified findings from the published literature that will be reviewed based on interviews with data scientists. The intention is to increase the knowledge of the subject and inform the organizations about their potential expectations and challenges. The effects are represented in the SWOT analysis based on findings collected from 22 selected articles which were afterwards discussed with professionals. The systematic literature review started with the creation of a plan and specifically defined steps approach based on previously existing scientific papers. The relevant literature was decided upon specified inclusion and exclusion criteria and their relevance to the research questions. Following this, the interview questionnaire was build based on the findings in order to gather empirical data on the subject. The results revealed that the insights developed through big data support the management towards effective decision-making since it reduces the ambiguity of the actions. Meanwhile, the optimization of production, expenditure decrement, and customer satisfaction are the following as top categories mentioned in the selected articles for the strength dimension. In the opportunities, the interoperability of the equipment, the real-time information acquirement and exchange, and self-awareness of the systems are reflected in the majority of the papers. On the contrary, the threats and weaknesses are referred to fewer studies. The infrastructure limitations, security, and privacy issues are demonstrated substantially. The organizational changes and human resources matters are also expressed but infrequently. The data scientists agreed with the findings and mentioned that decision-making, process effectiveness and customer relationships are their major expectations and objectives while the experience and knowledge limitations of the personnel is their main concern. In general, the gaps in the existing literature could be identified in the challenges that occur for the big data projects in industry 4.0. Consequently, further research is recommended in the field in order to raise the awareness in the interested parties and ensure the project’s success.

The main topic of the thesis is the analysis of the possibilities of linking building and economic software and software for technical drawing, in which BIM models are created, in order to achieve automatization of BIM model budgeting. The introductory, theoretical part defines the area of solved problematics in a broader background and the context of the problem. The overarching theme is BIM. Therefore, the basics and principles of this method, its fundamental aspects and current implementation within the Czech Republic are solved. The following chapters deal with standard budgeting procedures in the Czech construction market. The specifics of classical methods and their shortcomings in the context of contemporary construction are described. In the following part of the thesis the BIM budgeting concept, its vision and related aspects are discussed in more detail. The actual draft of the solution of interconnection of price systems and software, in which the BIM model is created, with orientation on valuation automation, is presented in the final, practical part of this thesis. Requirements for solution are defined and the procedure of its creation is described. Finally, the solution is tested and evaluated.

Orientador: Rogério Gomes / Resumo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho é avaliar características da produção científica internacional nas tecnologias associadas à indústria 4.0. Ademais, os objetivos específicos são: caracterizar a teoria da inovação, utilizada como base teórica do presente trabalho, e realizar uma breve síntese das revoluções industriais; caracterizar a metodologia usada para a elaboração da dissertação, abordando a análise bibliométrica e aspectos da base de dados Scopus; apresentar os conceitos, características e tecnologias da indústria 4.0; caracterizar e analisar os dados bibliométricos obtidos na Scopus. O trabalho se justifica devido à importância na utilização de tecnologias e processos de ponta por nações e empresas na competitividade internacional. A metodologia empregada foi a análise descritiva da frequência dos termos selecionados em títulos, resumos e palavras-chave das publicações científicas anexadas à base de dados Scopus. Considerando a relação entre ciência básica e inovações, o tipo de análise justifica-se devido às tecnologias utilizadas ainda estarem em desenvolvimento. Dessa forma, através das publicações científicas, podem ser traçadas características dos esforços científicos atuais que tendem a facilitar a geração de inovações futuras. A problemática que a dissertação se propôs discutir é: o que é indústria 4.0 e quais as características da produção científica mundial na área? A hipótese adotada foi que, por ainda ser um processo em andamento, a indústria 4.0 e seus conce... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The general objective of this work is to evaluate the resources of international scientific production in technologies related to industry 4.0. Furthermore, the objectives are: to characterize a theory of innovation, used as the theoretical basis of the present work and to carry out a brief demonstration of industrial revolutions; to characterize a methodology used for the elaboration of the dissertation, addressing a bibliometric analysis and aspects of the Scopus database; present the concepts, resources and technologies of industry 4.0; characterize and analyze the bibliometric data obtained at Scopus. The work is justified due to the importance of the use of cutting-edge technologies and processes by nations and companies in international competitiveness. The methodology used was the descriptive analysis of the frequency of the terms selected in titles, abstracts and keywords of the scientific publications attached to the Scopus database. Considering the relationship between basic science and innovations, the type of analysis is justified because the technologies used are still under development. Thus, through scientific publications, characteristics of current scientific efforts that tend to facilitate the generation of future innovations can be traced. The problem that the dissertation proposed to discuss is: what is industry 4.0 and what are the characteristics of world scientific production in the area? The hypothesis adopted was that, as industry 4.0 is still an ongo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

In this rapidly changing product demand market, the pharmaceutical companies have adapted their production system to be more flexible and agile. In order to meet the demand, production lines need to be more efficient and effective. Even a small improvement is a great achievement as these production lines are designed to produce large volumes of medicines. To test the efficiency and effectiveness of the lines by analyzing production data would be time taking and needs the involvement of experts from different departments. When production lines are subjected to change, previous analysis done will no longer be valid and needs to be repeated again. Instead, this can be replaced with discrete even simulation analysis (DES).     DES is one of the key technology in developing a production system in this industry 4.0 era. As the production systems become more and more complicated it becomes difficult to understand and analyze the behavior of the system if there are any changes brought up in the system. Simulation is the right technology to analyze and understand the behavior of the real system when undergone small or big changes.  The purpose of this case study is to make use of DES using ExtenSim as a simulation tool at the case company in order to develop a virtual model of a production system containing five production lines to understand the behavior and analyze the production lines to identify possible improvement and evaluate the feasibility of production system to achieve the forecasted demand. Possible improvements are identified from the simulation results of the current state model and a future state simulation model is developed with the improvements. Furthermore, this future state simulation model is used to analyze the feasibility of production lines for forecasted demand. By developing the simulation model was identified that the production lines were not efficient and are underutilized as that the company assumed.

Background: Advances in new technologies like the Internet of Things, Big Data, and Cloud Computing are opening up new possibilities for manufacturing firms. The extent of these changes is expected to be far-reaching leading researchers to proclaim the fourth industrial revolution a priori. Within this development, Industry 4.0 presents the concept of how manufacturing firms want to meet these changes and benefit from newly created possibilities. However, while the technological aspects leading the introduction of Industry 4.0 have been subject to many studies, the managerial aspects on how to lead such an implementation have so far mostly been neglected. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the managerial challenges that companies might face when implementing Industry 4.0 and to draw conclusions on how they could be met. Method: Our empirical study included a range of qualitative methods. After following a sampling strategy, semi-structured interviews were conducted with researchers, consultants, and plant managers located in Western countries. All collected data were transcribed, open coded and analysed using grounded analysis. Conclusions: While managing people to welcome and embrace new processes as well as leading projects in general has been described in the literature concerning change and project management to some extent, we broaden this knowledge by providing a new Industry 4.0 related perspective and describe possible adaptations to meet the special characteristics of the concept. Further, we elaborated on how the right mindset of top management can influence implementation efforts. On top of the managerial issues described, we added an organisational perspective to the knowledge in the field, making first attempts at describing how a structural framework supporting the implementation could look like. Finally, we investigate how current ways of working might be affected by the implementation of Industry 4.0 and how these might change.

This work deals with the construction of a table, whose construction allows any change of dimensions, materials and other parameters in real time, while the character of the design remains unchanged. Next part contains production of the table and simple configurator.

This diploma thesis aims to evaluate post-scarcity and utopian theories in response to the current economic changes in developed countries to identify, whenever a theory is able to explain the current trends and providing a realistic economic outcome on post-scarcity society. This thesis deals with the resource scarcity, labour scarcity and role of the medium of exchange in theories; together with unconditional income, polarization of labour and technological progress in the transposing developed economies to the 4th industrial revolution.

A company producing mostly asphalt rollers has a hard time quality assuring their bolted connections. There is an assembly line at the company where the different parts are put together using screwdrivers. These screwdrivers therefore need to be properly calibrated, to meet the high standards on the bolted connections.   The purpose of this research has been to come up with a cost-effective solution for the manufacturing company, so that they can digitally keep track of their screwdrivers and determine the need for calibration. The aim is to achieve full control over the quality of the connected screw-joints.   A lot of the research was focused around Industry 4.0 and IoT (Internet of Things) which are two of the most recognized buzzwords in production industries today. A product development process was used to develop the proposed solution that would help solve the identified problems.   The result of the research and the product development process is an Excel based database where information about screwdrivers are held. The database can determine when there is a need for a screwdriver to be calibrated based on the total amount of performed tightenings for each screwdriver. The total amount of performed tightenings are determined by the total amount of produced asphalt rollers which is retrieved from a production software within the company. The database also stores timestamps for calibration and service intervals, for each screwdriver.   The initial research was focused on new screwdrivers, however, inventorying of the screwdrivers made it clear that most of the screwdrivers in the manufacturing line only had the basic functions. With this information, the focus shifted to include both new and old screwdrivers. The final solution uses existing information from the company to determine when calibration is needed. Most manufacturing companies today still uses old tools, this solution can help them transition into a more digitalized industry. This solution doesn’t require tools to be compatible with a software while still offering the modern functions of newer screwdrivers.