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Durch Änderungen im persönlichen Verhalten kann jede und jeder ganz persönlich etwas für den Schutz unseres Klimas tun. Diese Broschüre enthalt viele Praxistipps für mehr Klimaschutz – unkompliziert, einfach umzusetzen, verständlich. Redaktionsschluss: 26.11.2021

This study aims to generate insights into the business start-up and maintenance activities of Kurdish and Turkish business owners in catering and retail sectors in North London by utilizing a new theoretical approach influenced by Charles Tilly’s (1978) collective resource mobilisation theory. The research objectives are: - to examine the reasons behind the formation of business start-ups for Kurdish and Turkish business owners in the catering and retail sectors; - to identify and investigate the ways in which the ‘forms of capital’ (Bourdieu, 1986) are acquired and mobilised for starting and maintaining these businesses. Methodologically, the research draws on extensive fieldwork with 65 participants. The thesis draws on qualitative research methods that enable the participants’ business start-up and maintenance experiences to be analysed in the context of the existing literature, and allows for the generation of a new theoretical approach to emerge based on their explanations. The thesis makes theoretical and empirical contributions to the field of study. Empirically, it sheds light onto two ‘invisible communities’ that are largely concentrated in the catering and retail sectors. The field study for this project presents an original contribution by examining business start-up and maintenance activities of the Turkish and Kurdish communities. Theoretically, the business start-up and maintenance activities of Kurdish and Turkish business owners are analysed through the lens of collective resource mobilisation theory. This has three components: interests, mobilisation of networks and opportunity structure. The three components provide an analytical framework for examining the interplay between agency and structural influences on the start-up and maintenance activities of Kurdish and Turkish business owners.

This programme of research was focused on developing a better understanding of pro-environmental behaviours and pro-environmental behaviour change, with consideration of the powerful effect of habits in thinking, affect and behaviour. Habit networks are discussed with reference to HOT topics (Habits, Opportunities and Thoughts), and explored empirically within the context of the FIT Framework (Fletcher & Stead, 2000). This programme of research started with a literature review on established models of pro-environmental behaviour. It found a large degree of similarity in the approaches used to conceptualise pro-environmental behaviour, and suggested the need to explore pro-environmental activity from different perspectives. The FIT Framework was then presented as an alternative approach. FIT variables measure the strength of an individual's cognitive characteristics and their degree of behavioural flexibility using the FIT Profiler (Fletcher, 1999). The empirical studies presented in this programme of research suggest that levels of personal FITness are related to engagement with pro-environmental activity and the extent to which lifestyles are environmentally sustainable. Study 1 (N = 325) explored the relationships between FITness and measures of pro-environmental activity, and Study 2 (N = 134) sought to confirm these relationships in a different sample. Both studies found positive relationships between levels of personal FITness and pro-environmental activity. Based on these results, it was suggested that FIT offers a useful alternative framework to study pro-environmental activity. Studies 3 (N = 75) and 4 (N = 100) considered the performance of pro-environmental behaviours in different sites of practice, as follow-up to the differences that emerged in Studies 1 and 2. They also explored the perceived influence of intrinsic and extrinsic variables on energy saving in home and work settings. The results suggested that the pro-environmental behaviours that are performed at home are often not transferred to the workplace and this might be because extrinsic factors in an organisational setting constrain action. Higher levels of personal FITness helped to align behaviours with intrinsic beliefs; individuals with higher levels of FITness behaved as they felt they ought to, whereas individuals with lower levels of FITness behaved as they were told to. It was suggested, therefore, that higher levels of FITness might support behavioural consistency across contexts. Study 5 (N = 95) explored the extent to which pro-environmental behaviours are characterised by habit and how the strength of habit changes according to level of personal FITness. The results suggested that people act pro-environmentally within distinct behaviour categories and this has little or no bearing on their propensity to behave in an environmentally friendly way in other areas. Habits can have a positive influence on the performance of pro-environmental behaviour but a negative influence on behaviour change. The empirical results suggest that a higher level of FITness might help people to engage more readily with pro-environmental behaviours that are performed less frequently. It was, therefore, suggested that developing levels of personal FITness might help individuals to extend their behavioural repertoire and be sufficiently flexible to include more pro-environmental behaviours, including those that are, at present, characterised less by habit. A second literature review on interventions for pro-environmental behaviour change found that many techniques have been developed from the perspective of bounded rationality and have assumed that the provision of information will initiate behaviour change. These approaches are often ineffective because of the resistive effects of habit. In light of this and the findings of the empirical studies, a FIT-based behaviour change intervention, named here as Do Something Greener, was developed as an alternative approach to address directly the problem of habit. Overall, this programme of research suggests that the influence of habits, opportunities, and thoughts should be considered in the study of pro-environmental activity. Further research exploring the effectiveness of Do Something Greener for pro-environmental behaviour change is necessary and planned as the next step in this programme of research. By exploring pro-environmental behaviour from a different perspective, it is hoped that this programme of research has also challenged some of the habitual tendencies that researchers are themselves starting to develop in relation to the study of pro-environmental behaviour, and that it has added a degree of eclecticism and pragmatism to psychological approaches to pro-environmental behaviour change. It is hoped that this will help to set a more practically oriented agenda for future research.

La consommation est désormais élargie à toutes les phases et comprend le tri des déchets. Les explications avancées jusqu’ici sur la performance du tri sont insatisfaisantes. Le tri des déchets présente deux spécificités : il est porté par la famille (et non l’individu) et ses modalités sont imposées par les Pouvoirs Publics. Ce travail est ancré dans la théorie de la pratique sociale qui permet l’étude d’une routine de consommation à l’intersection entre les niveaux micro- et macro-sociaux. L’objet de cette recherche est de mettre en évidence la construction de la pratique sociale du tri des déchets dans les familles. La démarche méthodologique est qualitative, basée sur des observations participantes, des entretiens semi-directifs et des mimes. Les résultats mettent en évidence (1) la structure de la pratique organisée selon les faires, les objets et les engagements ; (2) les liens qui unissent ces éléments au travers des processus d’appropriation, de réalisation et de renforcement et (3) la dynamique de la pratique, par laquelle les familles entrent dans celle-ci. La contribution majeure de ce travail réside en l’apport d’un cadre théorique permettant la compréhension à l’échelle familiale du processus de construction de la pratique sociale du tri à l’échelle de la société. / Today, consumption is enlarged to all stages and includes recycling. Explanations on performance given so far still remain unsatisfying. Two specificities characterize recycling : it is supported by the family (and not the individual) and its rules are imposed by public policies. This research is anchored in social practice theory that allows the study of a consumption routine at the crossroads between micro- and macro-social levels. The aim of this research is to highlight the building up of recycling’s social practice in families. The methodology is qualitative, based on participant observations, semi-structured interviews and mimes. Results highlight : (1) practice structure organized around doings, objects and engagement ; (2) links unifying those elements through appropriation, realisation and reinforcement and (3) practice dynamic, that allows families involvement into it. The main contribution of this work relies on the understanding of the building process at a familial level of the recycling practice at a societal level.

This study investigates the depositional history of the Late Eocene sedimentary record in the northwest of the Thrace Basin in a sequence stratigraphic approach and estimates the contribution of regional tectonics, basin physiography and eustasy. Late Eocene sedimentary succession was analyzed in two third-order sequences based on two major data sets / seismic reflection and well data sets. Depositional Sequence-1, represented by progradational stacking patterns, comprises the coarse-grained Hamitabat turbidite system. The base of the Sequence-1 was defined as the base of channel fill deposits in the northern shelf setting and the base of slope fan deposits in the slope setting. This boundary separates Lower-Middle and Upper Eocene sediments. In the slope setting, the Hamitabat turbidite system was analyzed in three major depocenters / Western, Northwestern and Northeastern depocenters respectively. Hamitabat turbidite system was controlled by the interaction of regional tectonics, basin physiography and eustatic fluctuations in the Late Eocene. This study highlighted the role of the regional variables / tectonic influence and basin morphology on the submarine canyon formation. The facies distribution was controlled by the high subsidence rate of sea-floor dominantly instead of eustasy. Depositional Sequence-2, represented by mostly retrogradational stacking patterns, is a clastic-carbonate mixed system. Depositional Sequence-2 was subdivided into three higher-order sequences. The lower sequence boundaries were induced by the rapid relative sea-level rise. The upper boundary of the Depositional Sequence-2 was defined as the termination of clastic-carbonate mixed system and a candidate for the Eocene-Oligocene contact.

Shallowing-upward meter-scale cycles (parasequences) consisting of megalodont-bearing limestones or clay levels at the bottom and fenestral limestones, breccias, stromatolites or vadose pisoids at the top constitute the basic working units of the Upper Triassic successions in the Central and Western Taurides. These cycles are mainly represented by subtidal through supratidal carbonate facies and known as Lofer cycles in the literature. The presence of breccias, mud cracks, dissolution vugs and vadose pisoids indicates subaerially exposed conditions at the top of the cycles. Shallowing-upward meter-scale cycles are interpreted as 4th and 5th order cycles in this study. Megalodont-bearing limestones of the subtidal zone are characterized by wackestones/packstones with abundant involutinids. However, involutinids are poorly represented in the intertidal-supratidal zone. To determine the relationship between cyclicity and foraminifers, the vertical variation of benthic foraminifer abundance has been analysed in the cycles. This analysis leads us to conclude that the foraminiferal abundance decreases from subtidal through supratidal zone. Furthermore, cluster analysis was performed in order to delineate the relation between the biofacies and foraminiferal associations. Micropaleontological analysis of the uppermost Triassic carbonates reveals the presence of restricted platform foraminiferal associations in the studied successions. Foraminiferal associations discovered in the samples belong to the Upper Norian (Sevatian)-Rhaetian Triasina hantkeni assemblage zone. Detailed examination of peritidal carbonates in the Central and Western Taurides against the studies, which claimed that the Dachstein-type platform carbonates are characterized by the transgressive models, should be explained by regressive models.

This study aims to revise the genus Salvia L. in East and Southeast Anatolia in Turkey on the basis of macromorphological, anatomical, palynological, mericarp micro-morphological, ecological and numerical analysis. Towards achieving this goal, about 2500 specimens of Salvia were collected and examined during extensive field studies between July 2005 and June 2009. The materials collected by other researchers either from Turkey or abroad were also investigated. The results of the taxonomic revision show that the study area includes 59 taxa, 24 (40.7%) of which are endemic and the remaining 35 (59.3%) are non-endemic. Salvia siiirtica is described as new to science. S. macrosiphon is described as a new record for Turkey and S. cerino-pruinosa and S. pseudeuphratica are re-evaluated as valid species as well as S. ballsiana is rediscovered. Macromorphological characters that were considered to have taxonomically diagnostic value are investigated and their possible variations are discussed. Habit, stem, leaf, inflorescence, bract, calyx, corolla and stamen properties are compared at infrageneric and species level. The first comprehensive evaluation of the systematic value of anatomy, palynology and mericarp micromorphology of Salvia are presented. Some characters, such as row numbers of ray cells in the root, type of the leaf blade structure, shape of cross section of the petiole, shape and number of median vascular bundles, pollen size, size of mericarps and diameter of abscission scars, are useful for infrageneric delimitation. Variation in some anatomical characters, such as number of cell layers of collenchyma and cortex, number of cell layers of palisade parenchyma, size of petiole, number of lateral vascular bundles, exine ornamentation type of pollen, presence of large lumina in the middle of the primary lumen, the muri thickness, mericarp shape, mericarp length/width ratio and surface ornamentation type, can be used for separating species within the sections. Based on the updated geographical and ecological distribution, conservation status of the taxa is reassessed at regional, national and global levels. At the regional scale, the distribution is CR for 6 taxa EN for 9 taxa, VU for 5 taxa, NT for 10 taxa and LC for 29 taxa. At the national scale, the distribution is CR for 5 taxa, EN for 5 taxa, VU for 7 taxa, NT for 10 taxa and LC for 32 taxa. At the global scale, the distribution is CR for 5 taxa, EN for 3 taxa, VU for 6 taxa, NT for 10 taxa NT and LC for 35 taxa. The main threats in the study area are overgrazing, constructions, land clearing, fire, urbanization and tourism. The infrageneric delimitation is performed using multivariate analysis. Identification keys to sections and species are given. Synonymy, updated descriptions, phenology, distribution and habitats in Turkey, general distribution outside Turkey, distribution maps, phytogeography, specimen citations, some notes on taxonomy and photographs showing general appearance of the taxa are also provided.

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