Peter Lorange, Michael S. Scott Morton. / Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis explores Postmodern architecture and narrative representations of the city as an emblem for the presence of the past in a contemporary environment. The architectural theory of Aldo Rossi is a model for this perception of the city as a locus of memory. Berlin, London and Paris are the places I will consider. Part I presents examples of architectural practice of the 1980s. A project for a museum of German history in Berlin, the Sainsbury Wing of the National Gallery in London and the Place de Stalingrad in Paris re-work urban historical traces. Chapter 4 outlines the theories behind each project and how they develop notions of memory within the city. Part II pursues this thread by focusing on examples of narrative representations of cities. In relation to Germany and Berlin, Wim Wenders' film Per Himmel über Berlin, Walter Abish's novel How German Is It. Christa Wolf's Kindheitsmuster and Hugo Hamilton's Surrogate City are my main sources. I discuss London through Peter Ackroyd's novel Hawksmoor and Paris through examples of Patrick Modiano's writing. A fourth and more theoretical chapter outlines how Postmodern narrative represents history and problematises memory. Two images direct this discussion: the detective and the palimpsest. My sources rely on the model of urban inquests and portray the city as a space shaped by a lamination of traces from superimposed eras. Part III connects architecture and narrative through examples of recent developments in Postmodern museology, mainly the Holocaust Museum. They construe historical narratives by endowing building and contents with a communicative function. As a conclusion, I establish that Postmodern concerns with history focus on the importance of bearing witness to the past, however problematic its representation has become. As the city houses memory, it is a priviledged location for historical traces which define contemporary identity.

This thesis undertakes a critical assessment of the impact of Statutory Legislation and UNESCO World Heritage Designation upon the sustainability and continued use of historic industrial buildings, utilising the late 18th Century Georgian Industrial Buildings of Darley Abbey Mills, Derby, as a case study. This thesis provides an indepth and longitudinal analysis of the morphology and evolution of Darley Abbey Mills between 2006-2015, during this time the assessment of whether the mills would find a sustainable and continued contemporary use has shifted from a concern that the site was slowly disintegrating with the danger of an important historical artefact being lost for ever or becoming irrevocably damaged through lack of maintenance and repair to a position where the future of the mills is looking promising. What makes Darley Abbey Mills so unusual or unique is that it possesses the highest possible levels of statutory protection, but that is also under private ownership. The initial findings in an analysis of policy documents and planning applications between 2006- 2010 was that there was limited engagement with the external heritage and conservations stakeholders or the Local Authority, an ‘umbrella of statutory protection’ was not providing barriers or protecting the site, there was just a lack of action by all parties. This changed during the period 2010-13 when the site came under new unified ownership, the new owners started to make small adaptations and repairs to the site that enabled them to encourage new tenants from the creative and artisan communities to the site, however all of this work was not authorised, nor was planning permission sought. Although there was still a lack of enforcement of what can be seen as ‘aspirational urbanism’, a dialogue was started between the owners and the wider stakeholder community. Between 2013-2015, the relationship between all of the stakeholders became more formalised and an unofficial partnership was formed between the owners and the monitoring bodies that resulted in the successful planning application to adapt the West Mills and Long Mill, which moved some of the way towards ensuring the sustainable and continued use of Darley Abbey Mills.

Un corps de pierre : tel est l'objet de notre étude. Un corps de place aujourd'hui effacé. Le fantôme d'une ville bas-normande martyrisée en 1944, dont le périmètre s'est longtemps confondu avec le circuit fortifié, non seulement urbain mais castral. Dans le travail de recherche présenté ici, c'est au cadre matériel du Caen ancien que nous avons tâché de redonner virtuellement corps. C'est l'histoire de sa transformation que nous avons tenté de retracer: six siècles et demi d'évolution entre le moment de sa « formation » au Moyen Age et les prémices de sa « déformation» au Grand Siècle. En somme, c'est à établir la morphochronologie d'une capitale provinciale que nous nous sommes essayé. Mais corréler la morphogénèse urbaine et le phénomène de l'enclôture oblige à prendre en considération les « effets de paroi » que génèrent les enceintes au cours du temps. Aussi est-ce en nous fondant sur l'examen des rapports d'ordre architectural et urbanistique entretenus par les clôtures avec le territoire citadin au gré des conjonctures politico-militaires que nous avons cherché à déterminer le(s) rôle(s) joué(s) par les enceintes dans le processus morphogénique du Caen médiéval, renaissant et classique. Au bout du compte, c'est sur la nature même de ces organes enveloppants que nous avons été conduit à nous interroger : tiennent-ils exclusivement de la « carapace » ou relèvent-ils aussi de la « chrysalide » ? De fait, opèrent-ils seulement comme une « barrière » de croissance urbaine ou agissent-ils à leur façon comme un facteur de développement citadin ? / No English summary available.

This thesis analyses the roles played by international, national, regional and local organisations and discourses in the heritage valorisation and conservation of modernist architecture – a process that has so far spanned some three decades. A leading role in this narrative has been played by international conservation organisations, which have acted as a unifying front for conservation advocacy and defined a conservation ideology that integrates the principles of both the modern movement and the conservation movement. Partly, this international emphasis has stemmed from the characteristics of the 20th century Modern Movement itself, including its strong strain of cosmopolitanism, as well as its still controversial reputation today at a local level. This initially gave the proselytising of modernist conservation a somewhat elite, trans-national character, exemplified by pioneering organisations such as DOCOMOMO. Yet the ‘internationalism’ of modernist conservation is only part of the story – for to establish this innovative new strand of heritage on a more entrenched basis, the familiar, more locally specific organisations and discourses that had supported previous phases of conservation growth were also increasingly applied to ‘MoMo’ heritage. This ‘on the ground’ involvement represented a convergence with more ‘traditional’ conservation practices, both in advocacy and campaigning, and in the research-led documentation required to document buildings’ significance and continued fitness for purpose. These geographically-specific forces operate at both a national level and also a regional or even local scale, as the thesis illustrates by the two national case studies of Great Britain and the United States of America. Although both countries shared numerous cultural similarities, especially the 19th century veneration of private property, the far more emphatic 20th century turn towards state interventionism in Britain led to a strong divergence regarding modernist heritage, both in the overall character of the modernist architecture built in the two countries (far more ‘capitalistic’ in the US) and in the approach to heritage conservation (more state-dominated in GB). In Great Britain, following on from the comprehensive post-WWII government ‘listing’ programme, the statutory heritage bodies – ‘regionally’ differentiated between England and Scotland - have maintained their leading role in the conservation of modern movement heritage through initiatives to identify buildings of significance, and powerful city planning authorities have provided co-ordinated enforcement. In the US, on the other hand, heritage protection has stayed faithful to its philanthropic roots and the onus of modern movement conservation is left to voluntary advocacy groups who then must campaign to have buildings protected piecemeal by local city or state preservation bodies.

No description available.

Syftet för examensarbetet är att inringa olika betydelser av samisk identitet i förskolan genom att undersöka hur samiskt språk och kultur används inom samiska förvaltningskommuner. På vilka sätt strävar pedagoger på förskolor och administratörer i förvaltningskommunerna att främja samiskt språk och kultur bland förskolebarn i några utvalda förskolor som ligger i kommuner som omfattas av särskilda regelverk? För att få svar på frågorna användes kvalitativa intervjuer som metod. Det genomfördes telefonintervjuer med sju personer i två samiska förvaltningskommuner. I resultatet framkommer det att kommunerna arbetar på olika sätt med de samiska språken i förskolan. Resultatet visar att det behövs medvetet arbete inom förskolan för att utveckla flerspråkighet och för att den samiska identiteten ska stärkas hos samiska barn i förskolan. Slutsatserna i examensarbetet är att förvaltningskommunerna har olika arbetsmetoder för att främja det samiska språket. En annans slutsats är att det finns ett behov av samisktalande pedagoger med grundläggande kunskaper i de samiska språken och den samiska kulturen i förskolorna.

The work collected together here examines the distinctive conceptual approaches taken by Renaissance architects, during the period c. 1480-1550, towards the designing of their buildings. It analyses the designs of a wide range of buildings from the period by architects including Raphael, Michelangelo and numerous others. The conclusion reached is that many of these architects adopted approaches based, ultimately, on ways of thinking (about art as well as architecture) that had surfaced in late fifteenth-century Florence; and that their approaches were not just similar in many key regards but also corresponded closely with theories of language and literary imitation being aired at around the same time. The essays also explore how certain differences in approach, especially between Raphael and Michelangelo, were directly paralleled by differences in literary theory. Also proposed is that the design methods formulated specifically by Raphael in the years before his death (1520) became the template for those followed by many subsequent ‘High Renaissance’ architects; and that the architectural term ‘order’, which was coined by Raphael before becoming commonplace in architectural theory, had its origins in literary theory. As for the design methods taken up by Michelangelo, it is argued that these were initially comparable to those followed by Raphael, but that they gradually diverged in a way that was very much in line with his conceptual thinking about sculpture and painting, until they became, at a fundamental theoretical level, incompatible with those of his later contemporaries.

The Haymana basin in Central Anatolia (Turkey) formed on a Late Cretaceous to Middle Eocene fore &amp / #8211 / arc accretionary wedge. The aim of this study is to investigate the sedimentary cyclicity and depositional sequences in the Upper Cretaceous clastic successions of the Haymana basin. To be able to achieve this objective, a 250 m stratigraphic section, which is mainly composed of siliciclastics has been measured in the Haymana Basin. In this study, detailed lithofacies analyses were performed and five different facies were recognized in the studied interval of the Haymana Formation. Sandstones, shales and conglomerates are the most abundant in the succession. In the measured section, two chronozones were identified based on the biostratigraphic data. These are the lower Dicarinella asymetrica chronozone and the upper Globotruncanita elevata - Globotruncana ventricosa chronozone corresponding to the Upper Santonian and Lower to Middle Campanian, respectively. Sedimentological analyses, such as provenance, palaeocurrent and grain-size sphericity were also performed and their relation with depositonal environment and change in depositional conditions were discussed. In order to construct the sequence stratigraphic framework, detailed lithofacies analyses and their vertical association were carried out. The studied interval of the Haymana Formation represents a prograding submarine fan subdivided into three depositional sequences, each with several tens of meters thick successions and two sequence boundaries. Each depositonal sequence consists of system tracts and turbiditic basic sequences with sandstone and conglomeratic beds overlain by mudstones. Turbiditic basic sequences, the sandstone and mudstone alternation allows distinction of smaller subdivisions, namely, basic cyclic units, which are the building blocks of system tracts and turbiditic basic sequences. Depositional sequences of the studied section of the Haymana Formation may correspond to third order relative sea &amp / #8211 / level cycles. Accordingly, fourth &amp / #8211 / and fifth &amp / #8211 / order (Milankovich) cycles might be proposed as basic sequences and basic cyclic units, respectively.

Η χορήγηση φαρμάκων μέσω της αναπνευστικής οδού αποτελεί τον πιο αποτελεσματικό τρόπο αντιμετώπισης νόσων του αναπνευστικού συστήματος όπως το άσθμα. Τα τελευταία χρόνια, η αύξηση στη συχνότητα εμφάνισης του άσθματος δημιούργησε την ανάγκη βελτίωσης της θεραπείας με το σχεδιασμό νέων συσκευών εισπνοής και την ανάπτυξη καλύτερης μορφοποίησης των φαρμάκων ώστε να εξασφαλίζεται ικανοποιητική κατανομή τους στο αναπνευστικό δένδρο. Στην παρούσα μελέτη, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τις δυσκολίες ανάπτυξης ενός φαρμάκου για εισπνεόμενη χορήγηση, αποφασίσαμε να ασχοληθούμε με τη μορφοποίηση της φουμαρικής φορμοτερόλης, ενός ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενου βρογχοδιασταλτικού φαρμάκου στη θεραπεία του βρογχικού άσθματος. Στόχος είναι η ανάπτυξη της βέλτιστης μορφοποίησης με την οποία θα επιτυγχάνεται το μέγιστο θεραπευτικό κλάσμα FPD. Διερευνήθηκε η επίδραση διαφόρων παραγόντων στη μεταφορά και εναπόθεση των λεπτόκοκκων σωματιδίων της φουμαρικής φορμοτερόλης στο αναπνευστικό δένδρο. Συγκεκριμένα, μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της κατανομής μεγέθους των σωματιδίων της λακτόζης στη μορφοποίηση και προσδιορίστηκε η κατανομή που επιτρέπει ικανοποιητική προσκόλληση της φουμαρικής φορμοτερόλης στη λακτόζη αλλά και εύκολο διαχωρισμό της απ’ αυτήν κατά την εισπνοή. Στη συνέχεια, διεξήχθησαν πειράματα προσδιορισμού του ιδανικού χρόνου ανάμιξης και των συνθηκών παραγωγής που εξασφαλίζουν ικανοποιητική ροή των κόνεων και πλήρωση των κυαθίων και δεν επηρεάζουν τη χημική σταθερότητα του φαρμάκου. Ακολούθησαν πειράματα για την αξιολόγηση της επίδρασης της μεταβολής στο βάρος πλήρωσης του κυαθίου στη μορφοποίηση και κατ’ επέκταση στο θεραπευτικό κλάσμα FPD. Τέλος, η μελέτη ολοκληρώθηκε μ’ ένα πείραμα ελέγχου της επίδρασης των εργαστηριακών συνθηκών στο Andersen Cascade Impactor και συνεπώς στη σταθερότητα του προϊόντος αλλά και την ικανότητα διασποράς του. / Drug delivery through the respiratory tract constitutes the most effective way of treating respiratory diseases such as asthma. Over the last years, the increased frequency of asthma occurrence challenged the improvement of therapy with the design of new inhalers and a better formulation development of drugs so as to achieve effective drug distribution to the respiratory tree. In the current study, having taken into consideration the difficulties of drug development for inhalation delivery, we have decided to work on the formulation of formoterol fumarate, a bronchodilator broadly used to the treatment of bronchial asthma. The aim is the optimization of formulation development so as to achieve the optimum therapeutic fraction FPD. The main idea was the examination of the effect of certain parameters on the delivery and deposition of formoterol fumarate fine particles to the respiratory tree. Specifically, the effect of lactose size distribution on the formulation was studied and the size distribution that allows not only effective adherence of formoterol fumarate to lactose but also efficient release during inhalation was determined. As a next step, experiments were carried out for the determination of the ideal mixing time and manufacturing conditions for satisfactory powder flowability, blister filling and chemical stability of drug. Experiments for the evaluation of the effect of blister filling variation on the formulation and consequently on the therapeutic fraction FPD followed. Finally, this study was completed by controlling the effect of laboratory conditions on the Andersen Cascade Impactor and consequently on the product stability and its dispersion ability.