The effect of seeding on the properties of alumina supported MFI membranes was investigated in this study. Membranes were synthesized from clear solutions with a molar batch composition of TPAOH:9.80SiO2:0.025NaOH:0.019Al2O3: 602.27H2O:39.16C2H5OH on bare and seeded alumina supports at 130oC in autoclaves. The amount of seed on the support surface was changed between 0.6 mg/cm2 and 6.9 mg/cm2 by vacuum seeding method, which provided uniform and closely packed seed layers. Membranes were characterized by XRD and SEM, and by measuring single gas permeances of N2, SF6, n-C4H10 and i-C4H10. The quality of membranes was evaluated on the basis of N2/SF6 ideal selectivity. Membranes, which showed N2/SF6 ideal selectivity higher than 40, were considered to be good quality, comprising few defects. Good quality membranes were also used to separate butane isomers. Membranes synthesized on seeded supports had compact and uniform MFI layer if the seed amount is less than 1.0 mg/cm2 on the support surface. Membranes that were synthesized on the supports coated with higher amount of seed crystals showed an asymmetric structure with a dense and uniform MFI layer at the top, the support at the bottom and a seed layer between. Half of the membranes synthesized on seeded supports had N2/SF6 ideal selectivity higher than 40. These membranes exhibited n-C4H10/i-C4H10 separation selectivities between 5 and 27 and 8 and 21 at room temperature and at 200oC, respectively. High ideal and separation selectivities showed that membranes did not include non-zeolitic pores. Membranes synthesized on bare support had non-uniform MFI layer. Those membranes showed N2/SF6 ideal selectivities below Knudsen selectivity, indicating the existence of large non-zeolitic pores in the MFI layer.

Notre thèse se propose d’analyser le corps dans l’œuvre du poète portugais Herberto Helder souvent perçue comme obscure et hermétique. Nous présentons une étude sur la dernière anthologie Ofício Cantante, publié en 2009. Nous soutenons que ces caractéristiques-là, habituellement considérées comme un obstacle à la lecture, permettent au contraire de mieux appréhender la création poétique heldérienne, car celle-ci peut être comprise comme une expérience corporelle. Nous partons de deux hypothèses : la première prônant que le corps se trouve confondu avec le texte, la deuxième que le corps est une catégorie antérieure à celui-ci ou une création textuelle. Dans les deux cas, le corps est une « démonstration inexplicable », dans les termes utilisés par le poète. Nous allons donc suivre l’évolution des différentes anthologies du poète, montrant que celles-ci, loin d’offrir au lecteur la totalité de l’œuvre et un portrait de son évolution, ne font qu’inscrire des discontinuités dans l’œuvre elle-même. Nous essayerons également de saisir la place du sujet lyrique en étudiant la voix lyrique, la définition de sa masculinité, et nous proposerons une analyse d’un corps acteur qui ressemble à la fois à un corps malade et à un corps animal. / Our thesis analyses the presence of the body in the works of the Portuguese poet Herbert Helder, which is often considered obscure and hermetic. We study his last anthology, Ofício Cantante, published in 2009. It is our opinion that the characteristics we mentioned, in general considered an obstacle to the reading, allow, conversely, the understanding of Helder’s poetic creation, as they can be read as a corporal experience. Our starting point is divided into two hypotheses: the first proposes that the body confounds itself with the text. The second proposes that the body is a category prior to the text, or a textual construct. In both cases, the body is an “inexplicable demonstration”, if we use the words of the poet. We thus follow the evolution of the poet’s different anthologies to show that they offer the reading of the totality of his writings, or their evolution, and that, in fact, they inscribe a discontinuity in the body of his writing. We also try to redeem the persona by studying the poetic voice and the definition of its masculinity. We also propose an analysis of the body as an actor, which is similar to the diseased body and the animal body.

Cette thèse vise à étudier la problématique de l’identité – dans sa dimension collective et individuelle – à partir de l’analyse de la représentation de la structure familiale dans les trois premiers romans de Milton Hatoum: Récitd'un certain Orient (1989), Deux frères (2000) et Cendres d'Amazonie (2005). Ces oeuvres nous font découvrir l’intimité de la mémoire et le roman familial en explorant les relations identitaires ainsi que les processus de construction et de déconstruction de l’identité. Leur thématique centrale répond à diverses composantes et à plusieurs critères représentatifs de l’identité tels que la langue, la religion, la notion d’espace symbolique ou encore le recouvrement du passé par la mémoire. Aussi, les thèmes tels que la vengeance, l’inceste, l’amour, lajalousie ou la passion sont mêlés à la quête identitaire et reconstruits au-travers de la mémoire des narrateurs. Il s’agit donc dans ce travail de recherche d’examiner les processus identitaires et d’en dégager les axes les plus significatifs. L’étude entend démontrer que les relations familiales dépeintes par l’auteur permettent d’examiner des paradigmes identitaires et de révéler les interrelations existantes entre individu (famille) et société. C’est làune façon d’interroger la formation et la destinée de la nation brésilienne à partir d’un regard ancré dans les spécificités culturelles et historiques de la région amazonienne que ce travail cherche à éclairer / The current research studies the question of identity –in its collective and individual dimension– through theanalysis of the representation of family in the three first novels written by Milton Hatoum: Tale of a certain Orient (1989), The Brothers (2000) and Ashes of the Amazon (2005). Through these works, we discover the intimacy of memory and the family novel by exploring the identity relationships and the processes of construction and deconstruction of identity. Their central theme is composed by several representative criteria of identity such as language, religion, symbolic space and even the recovery of past through memory. Furthermore, topics such as revenge, incest, love, jealousy or passion are intertwined in the quest for identity and reconstructed through the memory of the narrators. The aim of this study is to examine the identity processes and to determine their mostsignificant topics. This study seeks to prove that the family relationships depicted by the author can serve as a basefor examining identity paradigms and can also reveal the interrelations between the individual (family) and society. Thus, the origins and the destiny of Brazil can be examined from a point of view anchored in the cultural and historical specificities of the Amazon region, which this study intends to explore

Né au Chili en 1953, Roberto Bolaño passe son adolescence au Mexique puis sillonne l’Europe et s’installe en Espagne où il meurt en 2003. Écrivain en mouvement, Roberto Bolaño constitue à nos yeux un modèle d’auteur ouvert aux quatre vents. Issu d’un ensemble qui fonctionne à l’échelle continentale et transcontinentale – l’Amérique latine –, il se dégage des jeux d’appartenances nationales pour proposer dans ses écrits un point de vue décentré et comparatiste. Un comparatisme entendu comme ouverture vers l’altérité, comme expérience de défamiliarisation, comme mise en écho d’espaces et de temps séparés les uns des autres. Un comparatisme qui s’énonce également à travers une abondance de références littéraires : la Bibliothèque mondiale fonctionne à la fois comme moyen de lire et transcrire le réel mais aussi comme lieu d’appartenance. Au cosmopolitisme littéraire s’adjoint un regard critique porté sur le marché de la république des lettres. Un champ littéraire mondial vu comme espace de rivalités entre des auteurs qui aspirent à une légitimité littéraire. Ces personnages sont également pris dans le cours de l’histoire collective, dans le déroulé sanglant du vingtième siècle exposé à travers une optique décentrée. Histoire de l’Amérique latine et de l’Europe s’éclairent l’une l’autre dans des récits qui mêlent le réel à la fiction. Notre Histoire se recompose à travers une accumulation de vies imaginaires, de juxtapositions ’instantanés et d’images mises en mouvement glanées de l’Europe à l’Amérique. Le présent travail analyse la dimension formelle et thématique du comparatisme à l’oeuvre tout autant que l’engagement qu’il suppose / Born in Chile in 1953, Roberto Bolaño spent his youth in Mexico, travelled through Europe and ended up in Spain, where he died in 2003. Writer in motion, Roberto Bolaño seemed to be open to the four winds. Coming from a space both continental and transcontinental – Latin America –, the author cuts with the national belonging and shows a decentred and comparatist point of view in his work. His comparatism is like an opening to otherness, an experience of defamiliarisation, and a system of echoes between spaces and times.This comparatism works also through many literary references: for the writer, the universal Library is a way to read and write the real and a place he belongs to. This literary cosmopolitism goes with a critical point of view upon the market of literature. The author proposes a humoristic and scathing representation of the international republic of letters as an open space of rivalries. In the fictions, the authors fight to gain literary legitimacy, and they are carried away by the flow of collective History. Roberto Bolaño shows the violent development of the twentieth century through a decentred prism. History of Latin America and Europe spread a light on each other and the protagonists of the stories, mixing reality and fiction, are often writers. Our History recomposes itself with imaginary lives, juxtaposition of moments and moving pictures from Europe and America.The present work analyses the formal and thematic dimension of comparatism and questions the commitment linked to it.

Cette étude vise à mettre en lumière le mythe de la femme fatale, mythe issu de l’imaginaire décadent français de la fin du XIXe siècle, dans la littérature brésilienne. À travers l’analyse des personnages féminins de trois romans d’importance majeure dans l’imaginaire brésilien: Dom Casmurro de Machado de Assis (1899), Gabriela Cravo e Canela de Jorge Amado (1958) et Hilda Furacão de Roberto Drummond (1991), nous étudierons, à partir d’un traitement herméneutique, leur dimension mythique en tant qu’héroïnes femmes fatales. Dans les trois récits, la femme entraîne la chute de l’homme. Les trois héroïnes évoquent les grandes valeurs symboliques du mythe de la femme fatale et des archétypes qui l’engendrent, soit par rapport à l’homme, soit par rapport à leur milieu, époque, idéologie et société. Cette recherche permet davantage une réflexion sur le mythe de la fatalité féminine menant à une compréhension des constructions imaginaires et des réseaux symboliques qui affleurent les romans et, dans un contexte plus ample, l’imaginaire brésilien. En tête de notre démarche méthodologique il y a la méthode structurale de Gilbert Durand (et son « entourage » : Carl Gustav Jung, Mircea Eliade, Lévi-Strauss, Gaston Bachelard) qui rend compte de la réflexion sur les aspects du mythe. La théorie littéraire côtoie l’herméneutique des images, des symboles et des archétypes afin d’assurer la qualité de la réflexion autour du mythe et de son rapport avec la littérature et l’imaginaire individuel et collectif dans le contexte brésilien. / This study aims to highlight the myth of the femme fatale, myth created out of the imagination of the French decadents in the late nineteenth century, in the Brazilian literature. Through the analysis of the female characters from three Brazilian novels of major importance in the Brazilian imagination: Dom Casmurro Machado de Assis (1898), Gabriela Cravo e Canela Jorge Amado (1958) and Hilda Furacão Roberto Drummond (1991), we will study, from a hermeneutic perspective, their mythical dimension as heroines and femmes fatales. In the three stories, the woman causes the fall of the man. The three heroines evoke the great symbolic value of the myth of the femme fatale and the archetypes elaborated relative to men, relative to either their environment, time, ideology or society. This research reflects upon the myth of female fatality leading to the understanding of imaginary constructions and symbolic networks nourished in the novels and in a broader context, in the Brazilian imagination. Ahead of our methodological approach, the structural method of Gilbert Durand emerges (and his "entourage": Carl Gustav Jung, Mircea Eliade, Levi-Strauss, Gaston Bachelard) contemplating on the aspects of the myth. The literary theory navigates alongside the hermeneutics of images, symbols and archetypes to ensure the quality of the reflection on the myth and its relationship with literature and the individual and collective imagination in the Brazilian context.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23455号 / 理博第4749号 / 新制||理||1681(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 成瀬 元 助教 松岡 廣繁, 教授 生形 貴男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

My thesis, Literary Citizenship and the Politics of Language: The Galician Literary Field between 1939 and 1965, is the first attempt to examine the building process of Galician national literature by focusing on one of its constitutive elements, the linguistic criterion. Drawing on Mario Santana's concept of literary citizenship, which can be defined as membership of a literary community, it pays attention to the development of the idea that Galician literary citizenship is language specific, in other words, that to be a member of the national literature, writers have to write in Galician. It does so by focusing on one of the most neglected periods in Galician and Spanish Studies (1939–1965). Chapter one, 'Going Public: The Adventure of Galician Publishing, 1939–1965', presents the first ever account of the publishing world in the studied period. Chapter two, 'From Region to Nation: Galician Literary Studies', argues that the main battleground in the definition of Galician literary citizenship was the field of Galician literary studies, where the concept of literary citizenship was naturalised and then institutionalised. Chapter three, 'Negotiating Identities', explores writers' language choices, paying special attention to those who wished to earn a language-specific Galician literary citizenship. Apart from native and exophonic writers, the chapter addresses writers who did so through translation. Chapter four, 'No Man's Land: Female Writing and Language', argues that female writers had a double-edged experience in the literary field. The patriarchal literary institutions were interested in their symbolic capital but they exercised firm control over them. The conclusion, 'A New raison d'être for Galician Literary Studies', summarises the main argument put forward by this thesis, that to understand fully the development of Galician literary citizenship, literature must be studied outside the national framework.

Durant la fin du xixème siècle et les deux premières décennies du xxème la ville de Rio de Janeiro a vécu plusieurs transformations socio-économiques associées au processus d'implantation de la modernité et de consolidation du capitalisme au brésil. les autorités 'cariocas' ont créé un projet de modernisation qui visait, par des réformes urbaines, à mettre fin aux caractéristiques d'une ville coloniale en la rapprochant des grandes cités européennes. ces réformes signifiaient, pour l'élite brésilienne, un désir de progrès et de civilisation. en même temps, celles-ci correspondaient à une tentative du brésil de poursuivre les modèles et rythmes de développement des économies européennes ainsi que leurs développements culturels et sociaux. dans ce contexte les autorités ont imposé, aussi, une transformation des coutumes, habitudes et traditions de la population, toujours dans le but de faire disparaître les anciennes traditions coloniales et les éléments de la culture populaire considérés comme marques du primitivisme et de la barbarie. c'était à cette époque et dans ce contexte des intenses changements que Paulo Barreto a produit ses œuvres et a créé plusieurs personnages. dans ses œuvres il documentait et réfléchissait sur le développement de l'urbanisation et des changements de la ville en faisant attention aux transformations que ces processus provoquaient dans la population, ses coutumes, ses interactions et sa sociabilité. ses œuvres reflètent, donc, les impositions d'un gouvernement préoccupé à civiliser la ville et la vie des ses citoyens, contrastant avec la réalité du quotidien de la population. a partit d'une observation attentive de la ville de Rio de Janeiro dans toutes ses sphères diverses et dans toutes les situations possibles du quotidien de ses habitants, il a construit d´importantes interprétations sur la dynamique et les caractéristiques de la vie moderne, ainsi que les différentes représentations de la modernité. / During the end of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, the city of Rio de Janeiro went through a series of socio-economic changes related to the process of the implementation of modernity and the consolidation of capitalism in Brazil. In this moment, local authorities, along with the elite of the country, created a modernization project whose goal was to eliminate the remaining aspects of the colonial period still present in the city, making it more similar to European capitals through urban reforms. These modifications expressed the desire for progress and civilization from the dominant Brazilian classes while also attempted to follow the example and the rhythm of social, cultural and economic development of Europe. In this context, the authorities from Rio de Janeiro imposed a transformation of habits and popular traditions with the purpose of ending the old customs from the colonial past and the elements of the popular culture that were considered primitive and barbaric. It was in this moment of great changes that Paulo Barreto wrote his work and created several characters. In his texts, he documented and pondered on the urbanization process and the transformations executed to the city of Rio de Janeiro, paying special attention to the alterations that this process caused to the population and its customs, interactions and sociability. Barreto‘s work reflects the impositions of a government concerned with the idea of civilizing the city and the life of its inhabitants in contrast with the reality of the daily life of that population. Through a close observation of the city in all its spheres and its quotidian life, he constructed relevant interpretations about the dynamics and the characteristics of modern life, as well as different representations of modernity. In this sense, this present research intends to analyse the representations of modernity constructed by Paulo Barreto throughout this work. / Durante o final do século XIX e as duas primeiras décadas do século XX, a cidade do Rio de Janeiro viveu uma série de transformações socioeconômicas associadas ao processo de implantação da modernidade e de consolidação do capitalismo no Brasil. Nesse momento, as autoridades cariocas, aliadas à elite do país, criaram um projeto de modernização que visava, através de reformas urbanas, acabar com as características coloniais da cidade aproximando-a das grandes capitais européias. Essas reformas expressavam o desejo de progresso e de civilização das classes dominantes brasileiras ao mesmo tempo em que correspondiam a uma tentativa do Brasil em seguir os modelos e os ritmos de desenvolvimento social, cultural e econômico dos países europeus. Nesse contexto, as autoridades cariocas impuseram também uma transformação nos costumes, nos hábitos e nas tradições da população com o objetivo de acabar com as antigas tradições coloniais e com os elementos da cultura popular considerados como marca do primitivismo e da barbárie. É nessa época e nesse contexto de intensas mudanças que Paulo Barreto escreveu suas obras e criou seus inúmeros personagens. Nos seus textos, ele documenta e faz uma reflexão sobre o processo de urbanização e as mudanças sofridas pela cidade do Rio de Janeiro, prestando atenção nas transformações que esse processo provocou na população, seus costumes, suas interações e sua sociabilidade. Sua obra reflete as imposições de um governo preocupado em civilizar a cidade e a vida de seus cidadãos em contraste com a realidade do cotidiano da população. A partir de uma observação atenta da cidade em todas suas esferas e todas as situações possíveis do cotidiano de seus habitantes, ele construiu importantes interpretações sobre a dinâmica e as características da vida moderna, assim que diferentes representações da modernidade. Deste modo, esse trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo determinar as representações da modernidade brasileira construídas por Paulo Barreto no conjunto da sua obra.

Thermal mismatch between different components of a system could cause of problems like residual stress induced cracking, thermal fatigue or even optical misalignment in certain high technology applications. Use of materials with customized thermal expansion coefficient is a counter-measure to resolve such problems. Zirconium tungstate (ZrW2O8) with negative thermal expansion coefficient is capable of being used in synthesis of composites with tailored coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). In this work, the sol-gel method which had been already set up in our group was characterized and the sources of the factors imposing impurities in the product were distinguished in all the steps of precursor preparation and heat treatment. In the second part of study, zirconium tungstate particles synthesized by the sol-gel method were utilized as core in synthesis of ZrW2O8&ndash / ZrO2 core&ndash / shell composite particles. Shell layer was composed of ZrO2 nanocrystallites and precipitated from an aqueous solution by urea hydrolysis. Volume of the shell was effectively controlled by concentration of the initial zirconium ion in the solutions. The rate of precipitation was a function of the ratio of initial urea concentration to zirconium ion. It is hypothesized that isolation of the ZrW2O8 within a layer of ZrO2, will be a key element in solving problems associated with reactivity of ZrW2O8 towards other components in sintering of ceramic&ndash / ceramic composites with tuned or zero thermal expansion coefficient.

Alumina (Al2O3) is one of the most widely used engineering ceramic. It can be used in a wide range of applications like electrical/thermal insulation, wear resistance, structural refractories, cutting tools, abrasives, catalyst carriers and coatings. A traditional ceramic process has several steps (i.e. powder synthesis and processing, shape forming, drying, organic burnout and densification). Accessing powders with sizes in the range of a couple of micrometers down to several tens of nanometers is considered critical in attaining higher densities in the final ceramic bodies. Besides since significant shrinkage can be observed in the thermal treatment steps due to the excessive use of additives (e.g. binders, solvents and plasticizers) in the powder processing and forming steps, it is important to take remedies that would increase the solids loading in the initial mixtures. In addition, most of the conventional additives and solvents used in these steps are toxic and it is necessary to replace them with the environmentally benign aqueous-based alternatives. Alumoxanes could be used as a benign aqueous-based alternative to be used as a ceramic precursor or an agent. They are a group of compounds that have nano sized boehmite cores encapsulated with the organic groups used in its production steps. In this research work, alumoxane nano particles which can be used as precursors for nano-alumina were developed starting from aluminum trihydroxide. As a preconditioning step, grinding was applied to decrease the aluminum hydroxide particle size (&amp / #8804 / 60 &amp / #956 / m) to submicron sizes. This process was followed by the glycothermal ageing step, and organic derivative of boehmite was obtained. The amorphous particles thus obtained were further treated mechanochemically in a high energy ball mill with organic chemicals like acetic acid, methoxy acetic acid, stearic acid and L-lysine. After this step the observed sizes of the particles were as low as 10-100 nm. The effects of organic molecules used in each step were studied by FTIR spectroscopy and their effectiveness in exfoliation of hydroxide layers were identified with dynamic light scattering from processing solutions dispersed in aqueous medium. Moreover, in each step, structural analyses were carried out by XRD.