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Persius is not a particularly favoured poet today, and the standard commentaries on his fifth satire are obsolescent and generally inadequate. The present thesis is intended as an exhaustive study of the poem's language and subject-matter. The colloquial, prosaic and poetical elements in Persius' diction and syntax are determined, together with his neologisms, ellipses and abuses of regular Latin practice. Persius' reliance on Horatian syntax and phraseology, and his tendency to modify what he borrows are noted. Interpretations are advanced on his extensive use of pregnant or deliberately ambiguous Latin and on his strikingly harsh verbal collocations. The textual problems of the poem are examined. The sources and precedents for Persius' numerous metaphors are cited, and detailed treatment is accorded those instances of figurative language which are lengthily sustained or more than usually complex and allusive. The essentially orthodox nature of Persius' Stoicism is demonstrated by references to Stoic sources, and his more conventional type of moralising related to the broad-based ethical instruction found in other Latin writers. Many points of obscurity in Persius' subject-matter are investigated.

This thesis deals with the interpretation of art, set against the background of the medieval Christian Neoplatonism of John Scotus Eriugena. For him, art and philosophy are regarded as the handmaidens of meaning. Therefore, although this thesis begins with a consideration of Eriugena's Periphyseon, it develops into a discussion on aesthetic theory, and ultimately into one on poetic theory. The object of this discussion is to account for meaning in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde according to Eriugenian poetics. / The essence of art will thus be pursued within the parameters of the Neoplatonic scala natura. In this way, the whole poetic interpretation of Chaucer's poem is grasped as a mirror of the ontological exitus-reditus pattern. In understanding the poem this way, this thesis comes to immediate terms with the medieval concept of the imago Dei, and understands the likeness of mankind to God to be primarily one made by virtue of language.

La présente étude propose une recherche sur la fortune de Perse (auteur satirique latin du I siècle ap. J. Ch.) pendant la Renaissance et l’édition critique du commentaire des Satires de Giovanni Britannico (humaniste, imprimeur et professeur de Rhétorique à Brescia au XVe siècle), ouvrage publié pour la première fois à Brescia en 1481 et qui bénéficia d’une énorme diffusion en France. Le premier chapitre de la thèse est consacré à la réception de Perse en Italie durant le XVe siècle et passe en revue les commentaires des Satires précédent l’ouvrage de Britannico. Le deuxième propose un profil biographique de l’humaniste et analyse son oeuvre, en l’inscrivant dans le cadre de l’activité éditoriale et typographique de sa famille. Le troisième présente la structure et les caractéristiques du commentaire et met en lumière les nouveautés exégétiques de l’ouvrage en rapport avec la production contemporaine. Le quatrième chapitre est consacré à la réception du commentaire en Europe durant la première moitié du XVIe siècle. La thèse se termine avec l’édition du commentaire, accompagnée d’un apparat critique qui présente les variantes et les sources de l’ouvrage. / The aim of the thesis is to investigate about the reception of Persius’ poetry in the Renaissance period and to provide a critical edition of Giovanni Britannico’s commentary on Satires. Britannico’s work was published in Brescia in 1481 and it enjoyed a great diffusion and great appreciation in France during the 16th Century. The first chapter analyses Persius Satires reception in Italy during the second half of the 15th Century, by reviewing commentaries written before Britannico’s work.Then the thesis provides a biographical profile of the author and it analyses his literary production in the context of editorial and printing press activity of his family. The third chapter describes the structure and the features of the commentary, by comparing it with contemporary production on Persius. The last one studies the reception of the commentary in Europe in 16th Century. The critical edition of Britannico’s commentary is accompanied by a critical apparatus providing information about variant reading of the text and about its sources.

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Text in Afrikaans with summaries in Afrikaans and English / Opsomming In hierdie verhandeling word die ontologie van Eriugena in oënskou geneem, met spesifieke verwysing na sy negatiewe ontologie, oftewel sy opvatting van nie-syn. Ter inleiding word daar na die Latynse en Griekse agtergrond van sy ontologie verwys. Dit word opgevolg deur `n bespreking van die verskillende wyses van syn en nie-syn waarvan Eriugena in die Periphyseon gebruik maak. Klem word geplaas op sy negatiewe ontologie, wat meer gevorderd is as enigiets in die Westerse denke tot heelwat na sy leeftyd. Die historiese konteks van Eriugena se lewe en denke word geskets, met inbegrip van die invloede wat op hom ingewerk het en sy eie nawerking. Sy viervoudige verdeling van die werklikheid word vervolgens bespreek, met aanduiding hoedat die ganse werklikheid gesien kan word as `n wisselwerking tussen syn en nie-syn. `n Dinamiese ontologie word dus deur Eriugena voorgehou, eerder as die statiese ontologie wat kenmerkend van veel Judaïsties-Christelike denke is. Summary In this dissertation the ontology of Eriugena is reviewed, with specific reference to his negative ontology, in other words his concept of non-being. By way of introduction the Latin and Greek background of his ontology is pointed out. It is followed by a discussion of the various modes of being and non-being that Eriugena employs in the Periphyseon. Emphasis is placed on his negative ontology, which is more advanced than anything in Western thought until much later than his time. The historical context of Eriugena's life and thought is sketched, including the influences acting on him and the influence he exerted on others. His fourfold division of reality is then discussed, indicating how the whole of reality can be viewed as an interaction between being and non-being. Eriugena thus postulates a dynamic ontology, rather than the static ontology that is characteristic of much of Judaistic-Christian thought. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Religious Studies)

Text in Afrikaans with summaries in Afrikaans and English / Opsomming In hierdie verhandeling word die ontologie van Eriugena in oënskou geneem, met spesifieke verwysing na sy negatiewe ontologie, oftewel sy opvatting van nie-syn. Ter inleiding word daar na die Latynse en Griekse agtergrond van sy ontologie verwys. Dit word opgevolg deur `n bespreking van die verskillende wyses van syn en nie-syn waarvan Eriugena in die Periphyseon gebruik maak. Klem word geplaas op sy negatiewe ontologie, wat meer gevorderd is as enigiets in die Westerse denke tot heelwat na sy leeftyd. Die historiese konteks van Eriugena se lewe en denke word geskets, met inbegrip van die invloede wat op hom ingewerk het en sy eie nawerking. Sy viervoudige verdeling van die werklikheid word vervolgens bespreek, met aanduiding hoedat die ganse werklikheid gesien kan word as `n wisselwerking tussen syn en nie-syn. `n Dinamiese ontologie word dus deur Eriugena voorgehou, eerder as die statiese ontologie wat kenmerkend van veel Judaïsties-Christelike denke is. Summary In this dissertation the ontology of Eriugena is reviewed, with specific reference to his negative ontology, in other words his concept of non-being. By way of introduction the Latin and Greek background of his ontology is pointed out. It is followed by a discussion of the various modes of being and non-being that Eriugena employs in the Periphyseon. Emphasis is placed on his negative ontology, which is more advanced than anything in Western thought until much later than his time. The historical context of Eriugena's life and thought is sketched, including the influences acting on him and the influence he exerted on others. His fourfold division of reality is then discussed, indicating how the whole of reality can be viewed as an interaction between being and non-being. Eriugena thus postulates a dynamic ontology, rather than the static ontology that is characteristic of much of Judaistic-Christian thought. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Religious Studies)