(Field Trip Activities in Prague Focusing on the Star Game Reserve and Their Application and Use in the Teaching of Biology) The subject of this diploma thesis are organizational forms of teaching with a focus on excursion activities in science classes at the 2nd level of primary school and in the corresponding years of lower grammar school. The work is clearly divided into several parts. The first part deals with general information about the excursion activity as a whole. It deals with the division of individual excursions, their preparation and course. Subsequently, the possibilities of educational programs in Prague and the surrounding area are characterized, which are prepared from various institutions. Furthermore, the work specifically focuses on the Prague forest in the field of the Star game reserve, because in the last part of the text is made an educational walk connecting the history and nature of this place. An integral part of the work is a questionnaire survey dealing with the use of excursions in science teaching.

Labour in our current dispensation can be understood by critically examining their embeddedness in their geographical spaces and their spatial connection to those geographical spaces. Meanwhile, it has been highly contested by famous economic geographers like Andrew Herod and Don Mitchell, who argues that although labour shapes their economic and political spaces, they do not do this by choice and, as such, their power to make structural changes had been overemphasised. Therefore, a further study into other structures in which labour works and live can help reveal the extent of their influence on structures of any kind. Mainly, working conditions are essential for workers, and this study contests their power of influence on them. Notably, working conditions are formulated by the employers basing their decisions on their societal values, morals, and other factors. In order to understand the interplay of these components in influencing the decision of employers on working conditions, ethical leadership at the workplace is necessary to be studied to uncover how employers' ethical stances influence the working conditions of their workers. Particularly, ethical leadership is a complex structure involving a leadership style and ethics that affect employers' decision-making process. This qualitative paper used purposive and snowball non-probability sampling techniques to select participants from Holiday Club Åre and Ski Star Åre. The results from this study show that ethical leadership influences working conditions and it existed within the two workplaces even during the pandemic; however, it is unevenly exhibited, and the reason for such disparities can be attributed to the personalistic characteristics of the managers. Namely, ethical leadership and good working conditions lead to a higher level of job satisfaction and trust in leadership, higher productivity, behaviour emulation and reduction in counterproductive behaviour at the workplace. Workers were also found to have a marginal structural impact on their working conditions because of their low bargaining power despite the support of their labour agency. / <p>2022-01-22</p>

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The purpose of the study was twofold. The first purpose of the study was to determine if a correlation existed between the Standardized Test for the Assessment of Reading (STAR), created and distributed by Renaissance, and the Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program (TCAP) Achievement Test in Math and Reading for grade 3, grade 4, and grade 5. The second purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the percentile category of the STAR test and the TCAP test. The factor variable, identified as the percentile category, included three levels: Urgent Intervention, Intervention, and At/Beyond Benchmark. The dependent variable was the TCAP score. The study included 3rd-grade, 4th-grade, and 5th-grade students during the 2016-2017 school year who had taken the STAR reading and STAR math assessments and had taken the TCAP reading and TCAP math assessment. Based on the findings of this study, a strong correlational relationship does exist between the STAR and TCAP assessments. Overall, the strong correlation between the STAR and the TCAP were consistent across Math and Reading in 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades. Since the ANOVA was significant, a post hoc multiple comparisons was conducted to evaluate pairwise difference among the means of the three groups. Overall, the At/Beyond Benchmark group was significantly higher than both the Urgent Intervention group and the Intervention group in Math and Reading for 3rd grade, 4th grade, and 5th grade. There was not a significant difference between the Urgent Intervention group and the Intervention group, the exception was 5th grade math.

College athletics have faced a lot of challenges and changes in the last two decades. Sports like football and basketball have been the main money-making streams for NCAA. With the popularity of college athletics growing, members of the business community have seen this as an opportunity to make money, especially members of the media. In turn, student-athletes have factored the ability to make money off of their own name, image, and likeness (NIL) into their college education decision. In order to explore this relationship between college athletics and the media industry, I analyzed how media rights in college basketball have affected college basketball recruiting over the last five years. Teams are not only recruiting players from high school, but they have to work hard and recruit players from the transfer portal, which allows for mid-collegiate-career changes. With the introduction of NIL, recruiting highly ranked players has become a complex process in that teams with smaller budgets feel helpless because money is not an issue for the bigger schools. In my research, I analyzed players and teams from all levels within Division 1 basketball, and through statistical analysis, The research found that better players are attracted by more affluent athletic programs. Teams with higher media rights revenue and overall revenue have a big advantage when it comes to recruiting highly rated high-school players or transfers. School enrollment does not play a significant role in some cases because student-athletes are mostly focused on their athletic experience.

Cortisol, a hormone produced by a hormone produced by the adrenal gland, is responsible for many regulatory functions in the body. Cortisol release is mediated by adrenocorticotrophic hormone, or ACTH, through the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal or HPA axis. This HPA axis is the major release pathway used during acute stress, during which the levels of ACTH parallel those of cortisol. However, in states of chronic stress, the level of ACTH drops dramatically, while cortisol remains high. This study focuses on the pathway of cortisol release during these chronic stress states, specifically examining the role of IL-6 with respect to STATs and the Jak/STAT pathway. It has been shown that IL-6 increases cortisol levels, and that IL-6 utilizes the Jak/STAT pathway. Also, the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) promoter contains multiple STAT binding sites. Thus, STATs could be mediating the effects of IL-6 in the chronic release of cortisol by inducing expression of StAR. Experiments were performed to identify whether IL-6 has a direct effect on StAR promoter activity, StAR mRNA and StAR protein levels. Electromobility Shift Assays (EMSA) were performed to show that STATs bind to the full STAT site within the StAR promoter region. Various experiments were also carried out in the presence of IL-6 alone or, congruently with either a Jak (AG490) or STAT3 (Piceatannol) inhibitor, to show the effects of STATs and the Jak/STAT pathway on StAR. Luciferase assays were performed in order to observe the effects on induction of the StAR promoter. RT-PCR and western blots were also performed to observe the effect of Jak/STAT inhibition on both StAR mRNA levels and StAR protein levels. These experiments showed a marked decrease in the IL-6-stimulated StAR promoter activity, mRNA and protein expression when treated with wither Jak or STAT inhibitor. Therefore, IL-6 regulates expression of StAR through utilization of the Jak/STAT pathway; which phosphorylates and subsequently dimerizes STAT, allowing STAT to translocate to the nucleus and bind to the StAR promoter, thus increasing StAR expression and thereby inducing synthesis of cortisol.

In this research, we study how a finite-temperature nuclear equation of state suitable for astrophysical simulations impacts the oscillation modes of neutron stars. We chose the Shen equation of state (EOS) because it accurately describes both stable and unstable nuclei as well as nuclear incompressibilities. I modified the existing MHD code at BYU, the HAD code, to call a lookup table for the Shen EOS for use at run time, and added a Newton-Raphson method algorithm to convert conserved variables to primitive variables. The algorithm was tested and verified by evolving a stable neutron star for several dynamical times and evolving the same star at different resolutions. The normal mode frequency of the neutron star with the Shen EOS was measured and compared to those for neutron stars with an ideal gas EOS found by Font et. al. We found that the fundamental mode of the neutron star using the Shen EOS was slightly larger than that of the ideal gas EOS. This difference is due to the Shen EOS producing stars that are stiffer, increasing the sound speed.

I have identified 51 young stellar object candidates in N206, an H II complex in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy. Using archival images from the Spitzer Space Telescope, supplemented with other infrared and optical images, I located point sources in this region. I distinguished possible young stellar objects based on their spectral energy distributions, morphologies, and locations in color-magnitude space. I classified the young stellar object candidates based on their likelihood of being young stellar objects and based on their apparent evolutionary stages. The spatial distribution of these candidates in N206 indicates that star formation is being triggered in a giant molecular cloud in the region.

Esta tesis doctoral por compendio de artículos está formada por tres análisis en los que estudiamos observaciones tomadas con el telescopio XMM-Newton de tres fuentes diferentes: La fuente 4U0114+65 es uno de los púlsares más lentos conocidos hasta el momento. Está formado por una donante de alta masa de tipo espectral B1Ia y una NS que la orbita con un periodo de 11.6 d. La NS gira sobre su eje con un periodo de ~ 9350 s. Esta fuente podría ser un magnetar (NS con un campo magnético muy intenso, incluso para una NS). En este trabajo presentamos el análisis de una observación en periodo propietario realizada con el satélite XMM-Newton durante 49 ks, donde hemos estudiado el proceso de acreción, las propiedades del viento estelar y la naturaleza de los pulsos de rayos X. Cen X-3 es un sistema binario compacto de rayos X de alta masa. La acreción sobre el objeto compacto, una NS en este caso, tiene lugar mediante disco de acreción. En este trabajo hemos analizado dos observaciones llevadas a cabo con el telescopio XMM-Newton. Una de ellas tuvo lugar en el año 2001, durante las fases orbitales ∅= 0.0 − 0.37. Esta observación fue tomada durante la salida del eclipse del objeto compacto, cuando la fuente se encontraba en un estado súper-orbital hard-low, hard porque la emisión de rayos X es muy energética y low porque la intensidad es baja. La segunda observación tuvo lugar en el año 2006, durante las fases orbitales ∅= 0.35 − 0.8. En este caso la fuente se encontraba en un estado súper-orbital soft-high, es decir, la luz emitida no es tan energética como en la primera observación pero su intensidad es mayor. Por último, presentamos un análisis de la primera observación tomada con el observatorio XMM-Newton del sistema eclipsante HMXRB XTE J1855−026. La observación tuvo lugar totalmente durante el eclipse de la NS, cubriendo las fases orbitales ∅= 0.00 − 0.11. Hemos comparado nuestro análisis de la fuente en eclipse con uno previo realizado con Suzaku en las fases orbitales previas al eclipse y hemos estudiado el viento estelar retroiluminado de la donante tipo B0I.