This study focuses on the design and analysis of a specialised mechanical gripper for an assembly process of batteries, with particular emphasis on the study of the associated forces and deformations. The project commences with comprehensive market research to identify existing solutions. This is followed by the definition of requirements and an iterative design process utilising computer-aided design (CAD). Subsequently, a comprehensive force and deformation analysis is conducted using the finite element method (FEM) in Abaqus CAE. The results demonstrate that the designed gripper can withstand the applied loads with minimal deformation, indicating that it possesses adequate structural stiffness. The utility of finite element method (FEM) analysis in evaluating the viability of the proposed design is demonstrated. According to the design and analysis in this study, it manages to propose and developed a new kind of gripper with a higher grip range than those available on the market. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the suitability of the gripper design in relation to the expected loads and highlight the importance of the design methodology employed.

Large Scale Additive Manufacturing (LSAM) technology has emerged as a transformative force in the manufacturing industry. Using robots and advanced material deposition systems, LSAM facilitates the efficient creation of large-scale components with exceptional precision and reduced production times. Beyond its capacity to manufacture complex structures, this technology drives innovation by fostering the exploration of new materials and designs, opening new frontiers in the aerospace, automotive, and construction sectors. The synergy between robotics and additive manufacturing in LSAM represents a significant advancement toward the future of manufacturing, where customization, efficiency, and sustainability are paramount.  Within the framework of this research, conducted in collaboration with ABB and RISE, a series of tests have been developed to optimize printing parameters when transitioning from one material to another. This study showcases how simple adjustments in the workflow of robotic stations can lead to significant improvements in print quality and increased resource efficiency, paving the way for more precise and sustainable manufacturing.  This research has not only generated valuable insights into the behavior of LSAM under different operating conditions but also provided practical solutions for its continuous improvement. These findings are relevant for the continuous improvement of large-scale additive manufacturing processes and provide important insights for future research in the fields of robotics and advanced manufacturing. Additionally, a systematic methodology has been developed to evaluate and validate results, ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of findings. These achievements solidify the role of LSAM as a fundamental technology in the evolution of the manufacturing industry toward a more efficient and sustainable future.

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the implementation of real-time digital twins for industrial cobots, with a focus on the ABB GoFa CRB 15000 cobot. It highlights the relevance of digital twins in the context of Industry 4.0 and their ability to improve operational efficiency by representing physical processes in virtual models. The project's primary objective is to develop a real-time digital twin system to develop the bidirectional monitoring and control of industrial cobots, particularly in assembly tasks. This paper addresses the challenges encountered and the proposed solution, which include offline and online programming, the adoption of the OPC UA protocol for communication, and the use of ABB RobotStudio for simulation. A framework for understanding the implementation is provided, followed by a detailed analysis of the results obtained, as well as discussion and conclusions. An exploration of possible future work is also included, providing a comprehensive view of the project and its importance in the field of industrial robotics and digital twin technology.

This graduation theses shows some of possible versions of outdoor switchgears with very high voltage, especially on the level 123 kV both concerning own complement of classic outdoor switchgears with devices as are overvoltages limiter, disconnecting switchgears, circuit breakers, etc., and compact connections. In the introduction of my theses there are explained basic ideas and theories of switchgears and described main devices and equipments which create classic (from equipment setting point of view) outdoor switchgears of very high voltage. Subsequently it describes possible ways of linking-up of these devices in the complex of switchgears themselves according to possible dispositions arranged and busbars systems. The same focus is dedicated to new, non-classic (non-standard solution in terms of devices solution), compact solving of outdoor very high voltage modules either by air isolated or by means of enclosed technology with gas SF6 which represent innovative solving first of all from reduction of built up area point of view which is very important from economic point of view especially during constructions of new switchgears. In the end of my theses there are mentioned also brief evaluations of producers and economics for development and operation of individual technologies. I used for my work materials of companies CEZ, a. s., Siemens, a. s. and Abb, a.s.

The thesis is focused on the protection concept for medium voltage substation. The first theoretical part of thesis describes given medium voltage substation. Substation consists of two incoming feeders and six outgoing feeders. Due to the size of the substation was selected one outgoing feeder which is the subject of description and protection concept. Next part of the thesis is a description of the protective functions used to protect the elements in the selected feeder. This part contains a detailed description of the function and setting options for protection. The main part of the thesis describes calculation of specific protection functions and consequently with secondary testing of protective functions. Tests were performed on protective functions in the digital protections REF615 and REM620. The final part of the thesis deals with the evaluation of the secondary test results and verification saturation of the specified current transformers.

AFRY är ett ingenjörsföretag som har efterfrågat en studie som går ut på att ur ett elkonstruktionsperspektiv hitta enklare åtgärder för att bespara industrier pengar ge-nom att utföra energieffektiva investeringar i kontinuerliga elmotordrifter. Detta är extra relevant idag då energikostnaderna ökat anmärkningsvärt de senaste åren. Målsättningen har varit att skapa ett underlag baserat på data från motorer, kablar och frekvensomriktare som talar om vilka investeringar som gör störst nytta ur ett energisparperspektiv vid ett antal olika fall. Arbetet är uppdelat i tre delar där bety-delsen undersöks för systemutförande, dimensionering och IE-klasser och deras på-verkan på energiförbrukningen och livstidskostnaderna. Metoden går ut på att hämta tillverkningsdata från komponenterna som testas, simulera energiåtgången i olika mjukvaruprogram och sedan jämföra utfallen i olika konstellationer mot inköpspri-set. Resultatet är ett underlag där det går att påvisa vilka investeringar ur en elkon-struktionssynpunkt som är mest ekonomiskt gynnsamma. Räkneexempel och olika scenarion finns med eftersom förutsättningarna är beroende av faktorer som elpris, materialkostnader, drifttid, med mera. Initialt var planen att simulera samtliga tre delområden med ett energianalyserings-program utvecklat av AFRY. Flertalet långa fördröjningar och oförmågan att köra programmet på nuvarande operativsystem såg till att planeringen ändrades av stor betydelse under projektets gång. Programmet fick därmed ersättas av andra pro-gram och arbetet har lagt större tyngd på teorin föra att täcka upp samtliga delar.

競爭的存在使得企業出現了改革的需求，而良好的預算制度則奠定了改革的成功基礎，因此如何建立出一套完整、有用的預算制度以協助企業進行改革，則是目前企業管理者必須深入思考的問題。 對管理者而言，一套有用的預算制度除了預算的編製外，更應該能協助組織策略的推動，因此預算制度的起點應為公司策略的形成，而如何將策略與預算連結則需透過平衡計分卡以及目標管理的協助。本研究之研究主題一即在探討策略、平衡計分卡、以及目標管理對預算制度的影響。在此研究主題下，本研究除個別探討策略、平衡計分卡、以及目標管理對預算制度之影響外，更深入研究策略、平衡計分卡、目標管理以及預算制度之整合情況。 另一方面，預算制度最基本的功能在於預算之編製，因此如何編製出有用的預算資訊便是管理當局考量的另一重點。在傳統預算制度存在著許多缺點的情形下，本研究導入了作業基礎預算制度，因而本研究之研究主題二在探討作業基礎預算制度之設計與執行。在此研究主題下，本研究除探討以作業為基礎之預算編製方式外，更進一步探討作業基礎預算制度與研究主題一策略至目標管理架構之連結。 本研究採用個案研究之方式進行，並以國內某銀行信用卡部門為個案研究對象。為了對個案公司及其產業有足夠的了解，筆者在民國八十七年七月至民國八十八年六月之期間內，每週約花費二至四天的時間，利用實地觀察、訪談、資料蒐集、書面閱讀及開會等方式，深入取得足夠的實務資訊以分析本研究之各主題。 本研究之研究結果顯示，策略、平衡計分卡及目標管理三者結合一體後會對預算制度造成相當大的影響，而完整的預算架構則應以策略為起點方能充分發揮預算制度的功能，俾協助組織策略推行。至於在作業基礎預算制度之設計與執行上，本研究之研究結果則顯示以作業為基礎之預算編製方式的確為企業帶來較多的效益，且經由作業基礎預算制度與策略、平衡計分卡及目標管理之結合，個案公司更解決了其在原預算制度下所產生的八項缺點，並瞭解未來應該改進的方向。 最後本研究探討個案公司作業基礎預算制度實施過程中的七個行為面因素：文化（Culture）、負責人（Champion）、改革的過程（Change Process）、承諾（Commitment）、控制（Control）、獎酬（Compensation）、以及持續教育（Continuous Education）。透過實施過程中對這七個行為面因素的考量，使得個案公司得以較順利地推行作業基礎預算制度，更使得預算制度的改革更為成功。 / Competition precipitates corporation innovations, and a sound budget system is the essence of success of innovations. Therefore how to build an efficient budget system to bolster the proceeding of innovations is an indispensable issue that managers must deeply concern. For managers, a good budget system is not only for budgets, but also helping corporations to fulfill their strategies. Hence a budget system should be conceived based upon corporation strategies. However how can we link strategies to budgets? The answer is the utilization of balanced scorecard and management by objectives. Hereby the first theme of this research is to discuss the influence of strategies, balanced scorecard, and management by objectives on budgets. Under this theme, we discuss not only the influence of strategies, balanced scorecard, and management by objectives on budgets separately, but also the way to knit them into budget system. Besides, the basic function of budgets is to prepare budget information, so how to prepare useful information emerges as another point that managers concern. Since deficiencies inherent in traditional budget systems, we put the activity-based budgeting into our research. Herein the second theme of the research is to discuss the design and implementation of activity-based budgeting. Under this theme, we discuss the way to prepare budgets base on activities, and moreover, we discuss the linkage between activity-based budgeting and frame of strategies, balanced scorecard, and management by objectives integrated under first theme of the research. We use field study to make the research. Credit card department of a bank is our research object. In order to be familiar with the industry and research object, we immersed ourselves into the environment two or three days per week and use papers reading, interviews, data collection, observation, and meetings to amass the practice information that we need to study the themes of the research. The results of the research show that strategies, balanced scorecard, and management by objectives integrated together to profoundly influence budgets, and a complete budget system should sprouts from strategies so that budget system can help corporations to implement strategies. Besides, the research shows that budget preparation base on activities is a boon for corporations, and through the integration of strategies, balanced scorecard, and management by objectives, the budget system overcomes the deficiencies embedded in the original budget system. Finally, we discuss seven behavioral factors of research object of implementing activity-based budgeting. These factors are culture, champion, change process, commitment, control, compensation, and continuous education. Through the consideration of the seven factors, corporation can implement activity-based budgeting more smoothly, and make the innovation of budget system more successfully.

Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) and Adaptive body bias (ABB) techniques respectively try to reduce the dynamic and static power components of an integrated circuit. Ideally, the two techniques can be combined to find the optimal operating voltages (VDD and VBB) to minimize power consumption. A combination of the DVS and ABB may warrant the circuit to operate at voltages (supply and body bias) different from the values specified by the two methods working independently. Also, this VDD and VBB values for minimal power consumption varies with the workload of the circuit. The workload can be used as an index to select the optimal VDD/VBB values to minimize the total power consumption. This paper examines the optimal voltages for minimal power operation for typical data path circuits like adders and multiply-accumulate (MAC) units across various process, voltage, and temperature conditions and under different workloads. In addition, a workload based look up table to minimize the power consumption is also proposed. Simulation results for an adder and a multiply-accumulate circuit block indicate a power saving of 12-30% over standard DVS scheme.

Nowadays international companies wish to relocate their production to developing countries in Asia. The product design is often developed in Europe and is, therefore, not always adapted to the production (transport and manufacture conditions) present in the country of manufacture. The consequence is less qualitative products e.g. distribution transformers of ABB Vietnam get damaged during transport; a problem none existing in Europe. The purpose of the project was to develop the design of distribution transformers for ABB Vietnam, so they better withstand the transport conditions. This Bachelor Degree Project in Integrated Product Development follow a general design process typically for product development and is divided into four main phases. The four faces are; Exploration (of the ill-defined problem space), Generation (of concepts), Evaluation (of the design proposals), and Communication (of the final design solution). Methodologies as literature studies and empirical investigations (observations and interviews) performed at the ABB Vietnam factory in Hanoi provided information about the problem space and a brief overview of the production of ABB transformers. In the study it emerged that the underlying problem was due to both the structure of the product and the infrastructure of the country, e.g. extreme road conditions, lower standard of transportation means etc. Design methodologies were implemented to systematically create ideas, generate and evaluate a number of concepts. The final design concept chosen was simulated to behaviour adequately of transport in real life to verify that the concept manage its purpose. The concept can be further improved and optimised. The outcome of the study revealed the possibilities of improvement, designers can contribute to increased quality of products by understanding the country of manufacture. The thesis is intended to enlighten people working with product development what they shall consider when designing for transportation, and may be used as a practical example of similar problems. The final design concept is an external support frame attached to the transformer to enhance support and contribute to improved quality – especially under extreme road conditions. / Internationella företag vill idag flytta sin produktion till utvecklingsländer i Asien. Deras produkter vars design har utvecklats i Europa är därmed inte alltid anpassade till transport- och tillverkningsförhållanden som finns i tillverkningslandet. Konsekvensen blir mindre kvalitativa produkter. Ett exempel på detta problem är distributionstransformatorer från ABB Vietnam som skadas under vägtransporter pga. dåliga vägar, ett problem som är omärkbart i Europa. Syftet med projektet var därför att analysera och utveckla designen av distributionstransformatorer, för ABB Vietnam, så att de bättre klarar av de svåra vägtransporterna. Detta examensarbete inom Integrerad Produktutveckling följer den allmänna designprocessen typiskt för produktutveckling och består av fyra faser som inkluderar Utforskning (av det vagt definierade problemområdet), Generering (av koncept), Utvärdering (av designförslag) och Kommunicering (av det slutgiltiga designförslaget). Metoder som litteraturstudier och empiriska undersökningar (observationer och intervjuer) utfördes på ABB Vietnam, i fabriken som ligger i Hanoi. Därifrån uppdagades information om problemområdet och en översikt över produktionen av ABB transformatorer. I studien framkom att det underliggande problemet berodde på en kombination av produktens struktur och landets infrastruktur t.ex. extrema vägförhållanden, lägre standard för transportmedel, etc. För att systematiskt skapa nya idéer implementerades diverse designmetoder, för att utveckla och värdera ett antal koncept. Det slutliga designkonceptet som valdes simulerades med avseende på verkliga transportförhållanden för att verifiera att konceptet kommer att motstå dessa påkänningar. Konceptet kan förbättras och optimeras ytterligare. Resultatet av studien visade att designers kan bidra till förbättringar och öka kvaliteten på produkter genom att förstå förhållanden i tillverkningslandet. Studien syftar till att upplysa vad de som arbetar med produktutveckling ska tänka på när de designar för transport och den kan användas som ett praktiskt exempel för liknande problem. Det slutliga designkonceptet är en extra stödram fäst på transformatorn för att öka transformatorns hållbarhet och förbättra kvaliteten - särskilt under extrema vägförhållanden.

Univ., Diss.--St. Gallen, 2004.